Kg Of Live Weight Gain Research Articles

Productivity and hematological parameters of blood of young pigs at fatten-ing for feeding protein vitamin mineral supplement

The article presents data on the productivity and hematological parameters of the blood of young pigs for fattening for the inclusion in their diet of a new protein vitamin-mineral supplement with essential oils, Efiprot. Plant essential oils are natural phytobiotics containing fat-soluble vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, volatile acids, aldehydes, and other biologically active substances with bactericidal and antiseptic properties, increased appetite, and secretion of digestive juices. Thus, they provide better feed conversion and increased productivity. Protein vitamin-mineral supplement Efiprot is for a diet consisting of barley grains (50 %) and wheat grains (35 %). The experiment was carried out on two groups (12 heads in a group) of young pigs, a cross of Large White and Landrace. At the beginning of the experiment live weight of the animals was 35 kg; at the end, it was 110 kg. Control group animals were fed a supplement without essential oils; experimental group animals were additionally fed a dose of essential oils (200 g per 1 ton of supplement). Feeding supplements with essential oils positively affected pig productivity and feed growth. The absolute increase in live animals of the experimental group averaged 68.6 kg, average daily was 762 g; the corresponding values of the control group were 63.8 kg and 709 g for 90 days. Feeding protein vitamin-mineral supplement (PVMS) increased average daily gain by 53 g or 7.48 %, while feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was lower by 0.3 energy feed units or 6.69 % than the control one. Hematological parameters of pig blood fed by PVMS Efiprot corresponded to the limits of the physiological norm. At the end of the experiment, an increase in erythrocytes, total protein, and hemoglobin was observed in the blood of the experimental animals, which is consistent with an increase in meat productivity. A slight increase in the mass of basophils, eosinophils, and leukocytes is adaptive and incredible.

Весовой рост и убойные качества чистопородных и помесных баранчиков

Aim. Comparison of the productive qualities of purebred lambs of the Edilbay breed and crossbred animals obtained from crossing rams of the Dorper breed with ewes of the Edilbay breed. Materials and Methods. Scientific and economic experience was carried out in the conditions of the M.G. Shangeraev farm (Chernoyarsky district, Astrakhan region) on 60 heads of lambs of the Edilbay breed and Dorper-Edilbay crossbreds aged from birth to 4 months of age. Live weight of lambs was determined by individual weighing on electronic scales with an accuracy of 0.5 kg in the morning before feeding, pre-slaughter weight – after fasting for 24 hours. Meat productivity was determined by the results of the control slaughter of 3 typical lambs for each group according to the method of All-Russian Research Institute of Beef Cattle Breeding (1984). The digital material of the research was processed by the methods of variation statistics according to Plokhinsky N.A. (1969) on a PC using Microsoft Office software and determining Student's reliability criterion. Results. Under the identical growing conditions up to 4 months of age, the average live weight of crossbred lambs was 43.6 kg, which is 3.1 kg or 7.65% higher compared to purebred edilbays. Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in crossbred animals were lower by 0.34 energy feed units and 36.7 g of digestible protein. The superiority of crossbred lambs over purebred animals was 2.33 kg or 11.34% in slaughter weight, and 1.68% in slaughter yield. Conclusion. The production of young lamb from purebred and crossbred animals is expedient. The best indicators of live weight and slaughter qualities had crossbred Dorper x Edilbayevsky lambs with relatively low costs of energy feed units and digestible protein per 1 kg of live weight gain.

The efficiency of probiotics in industrial pig breeding

Pig breeding is one of the leading agricultural sectors that ensures the country’s food safety. In this regard, pig breeding must become a highly profitable branch of the agro-industrial complex due to growth of range of production performance indicators. Various feed additives are the reserve for increasing the productivity of the animals. The most popular feed supplements used today are probiotics and phytobiotics. Modern probiotic preparations are a complex (symbiotic additives) consisting of various strains of bacteria with addition of enzymes, prebiotics, chelating elements, amino acids and biologically active components. The article provides data on use of the probiotic preparation “Profort” and the phytobiotic “Intebio” in feeding of sows in farrow and nursing sows. According to the results of scientific and economic experience it was found that feed additives increased the following indicators: prolificacy — by 1.9–2.9%, size of the young piglets — by 10.4–12.3%, number of mature piglets in the litter — by 10.8–11.8%, rate of survival of the young piglets — by 4.0–6.1%, weight of the piglets litter by the moment of weaning — by 18.0–22.2%. The use of the preparations led to decrease in feed costs per 1 kg of liveweight gain and increased revenue obtained from the sale of the young livestock.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF NEW ENZYME ADDITIVES IN POULTRY FARMING

The development of new domestic enzyme feed additives allows for the rotation of biologically active preparations in poultry feeding, and the study of their effectiveness allows to intensify work on import substitution and helps to reduce the cost of
 feeding the birds. The article contains materials of the comparative study of the effectiveness of using dry enzyme feed additives “Fekord-MP” (group 1), “Fekord-MP” (group 2) and “Fekord-MP-Sorb” in poultry diets, carried out at the premises of the Vitebsk State Academy for Veterinary Medicine. It was found that the dry enzyme feed additive “Fekord-MP” based on mannanase and pectinase, introduced into broilers’ diets by the method of multistage mixing at various concentrations and standards for introduction, contributed to an increase in the average live weight of broilers by 10.5-14.3% with a reduction in feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain by 3.4-3.9%.

The use of non-traditional feed, different formulations of premixes and PVMC in the production of broiler meat

In the feeding of poultry, the search for new alternative feed sources and additives is promising. Such non-traditional feed sources are processed products from mustard and pumpkin seed oil. The purpose of the work was to study the use of non-traditional feeds, diff erent formulations of premixes and PVMC in the production of broiler meat. The studies were carried out on poultry crosses Kobb 500, HUBBARD ISA and Ross 308 under the conditions of the laboratory and clinical complex of the Volgograd State Agrarian University and poultry farms in the Volgograd region. (“Kumylzhenskaya”, AO “Poultry Farm Krasnodonskaya”). The introduction of Sarepta concentrate into the formula of compound feed for broiler chickens had a positive eff ect on the metabolic processes occurring in their body, as well as the positive eff ect on the growth of poultry and reduced feed intake. The use of Gorlinka concentrate instead of sunfl ower presscake in the intake of compound feed for broiler chickens led to the increase in the live weight of poultry and a signifi cant reduction in feed expenditures per 1 kg of live weight gain. The introduction of pumpkin seed presscake instead of sunfl ower in the feeding of broiler chickens contributed to the increase in the nutritional value of meat and improved taste qualities. The introduction of 1,5 %, 3,0 and 3,5 % of VolgaVit premixes into the broiler diet had the positive impact on the growth indicators and the quality of the resulting meat, which in turn aff ected economic effi ciency. The best result was shown by the 2nd experimental group of broilers, in which 3,0 % of the VolgaVit premix was introduced into the feed recipe. Studies on the use of non-traditional feed and diff erent formulations of premixes in the production of broiler meat have shown their positive eff ect on the growth rate of poultry of various crosses of poultry and meat quality indicators, which was also confi rmed by calculations of economic effi ciency and the results of production check.

RYE-CONTAINING COMPOUND FEED IN THE RATION OF NURSERY BULL CALVES

Grain cereals are the main component of compound feed for animals. Rye occupies a special place among cereal crops as components of animal feed. Rye that is unsuitable for food purposes but quite suitable for feeding of farm animals can be used for compound feed production. It is necessary to substantiate scientifically the norms for rye introduction into compound feed concentrates in order to expand the possibility of its use in feeding of growing bulls and reduce the cost of compound feed. To solve these problems, four groups of growing bulls were formed and 4 recipes for compound feed concentrates with different doses of rye (0, 20, 30, 40%) were developed. The duration of the experiment was 135 days. Group feeding record as conducted daily. The animals were weighed every 30 days in order to know how they grow and develop. To identify the effect of the test grain (rye) on consumption of the main balanced ration, records were kept of the consumed feed and its residues the next day. The composition of the ration was changed every month after the animals were weighed. During the entire scientific and economic experiment, the records of the eaten feed (mixed feed and hay) were kept, and haylage was given to the experimental bulls, depending on edibility. Introduction of 20 to 40% rye in the compound feed does not reduce the balance of the ration of animals in the experiment. Gross weight gain and gain per day of the experimental bull-calves of the first three groups differed insignificantly. Animals from the IV group, which were given compound feed with 40% of rye, were inferior to the control groups by 5.6 kg in total gain, by 43 g in average daily gain. On average, 5.87-6.03 EFU were spent per 1 kg of live weight gain. For the first time, scientifically based norms were developed for rye introduction in compound feed-concentrates for young growing bulls. The influence of the developed feed-concentrates on the intensity of their growth was studied.

Metabolism, productive performance of bright breeds of lacquer for feeding in the diet of aquaculture supplements

The paper examines the search and development of effective ways to reduce the proportion of grain in feed due to non-grain raw materials and partial or complete replacement of such high-value ingredients as animal proteins, fats, phosphatides, macro-and micronutrients and vitamin-mineral premixes through the use of natural resources of the local raw material base. The main nutrients contained in the protein-mineral supplement of the Dniester River indicate its unique, natural multicomponent composition, so it can be widely used, in particular, as a source of protein, amino acids, vitamins, macro-and micronutrients and possibly others. biologically active substances not yet identified by us. It was found that the brightness of the experimental groups in terms of live weight slightly exceeded the animals of the control group. Bright experimental groups made slightly better use of feed nutrients. Feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain, they were 6.5-8.4% lower. When feeding the bright research groups aquaculture of the Dniester River, there is a tendency to increase the strength of their wool. The inclusion of aquaculture additives in the feed helped to increase the concentration in the blood of bright experimental groups of hemoglobin by 0.13-0.38 g (P> 0.05) compared with the control, which indicates an increased level of redox processes in the body. Moreover, the highest content of hemoglobin (12.01 vs. 11.63 g%) was observed in the blood of bright IV experimental group, in the diet of which was compound feed with the inclusion of 15 wt.% Additive. However, the difference in this indicator between the animals of the IV experimental and I (control) groups (0.38 g%) is statically unlikely (P> 0.05).

Productivity of quails when introduced in compound feed of beech flour

In many countries, quail breeding is organized on a large scale, using modern industrial forms of production. Due to quail farming, the range of dietary foodstuff s necessary for a person is expanding. When rearing and housing this species of poultry, its complete feeding is of particular importance, because health and productivity depend not only on the presence of protein, energy, fats in the compound feed, but also on the amount and ratio of minerals in it, which are a necessary component of any diet. The introduction of beech fl our containing lignocellulose, which relatively recently began to be used for animal feeding as a source of high-quality dietary fiber, can increase the availability of feed nutrients. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of compound feed with the introduction of 1 % beech fl our in different rearing periods on the metabolism and productivity of quails. The results of the influence of complete nutrient-balanced compound feed with beech fl our on zootechnical and economic indicators in the rearing of quailshave been presented in the article. It has been found that expenditures of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain of poultry of the experimental groups were lower by 3,10 % due to better absorption of nutrients. The live weight of quails in the control group at the age of 42 days was 348,25 g and was lower than in the experimental groups by 0,81 and 0,75 %. It has been established that the use of compound feed with 1 % beech fl our is of practical importance in connection with the increase in the productivity of quails and the level of profitability of meat production by 3,2 and 5,5 abs.%.

ВЛИЯНИЕ МАСЛА СЕМЯН СУРЕПИЦЫ В КОМБИКОРМАХ ДЛЯ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ НА СОСТАВ ЛИПИДОВ ТУШКИ И ОРГАНОЛЕПТИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ЖАРЕНОГО МЯСА

In studies on 4 groups of broiler chickens of the “Smena 9” cross aged from 1 to 35 days at the cage raising,the possibility of using oil obtained from the rape variety “Nadezhda” instead of sunflower oil in mixed fodders was studied. It has been noticed that the inclusion of rapeseed oil in the feed in the amount of 1.5 and 3.0% replacing sunflower oil made it possible to increase the live weight of broilers by 5.27 and 6.19%, also it reduces feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain by 1.99 and 3.05% and ensures 100% bird safety. In the experimental groups of broilers that received feed with the addition of rapeseed oil, the amount of linoleic acid in muscle lipids and internal fat decreased statistically significantly by 6.16–20.67% and 6.16–23.64%, respectively. At the same time, the level of oleic acid increased statistically significantly by 6.33–20.24% and 6.12–21.79%. The ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the lipids of the muscle homogenate was in the range (6.89:1)–(7.25:1), and in the internal fat — (6.86:1)–(8.13:1). The smallest ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids in the lipids of the muscle homogenate and in the internal fat of broilers was noted in the experimental group, the chickens of which received only rapeseed oil in the feed.

МОРФО-БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ПРОДУКТИВНЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ УТЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ПРОБИОТИКА «ЛАКТОБИФАДОЛ»

The reaction of the organism of broiler ducklings to the introduction of the probiotic additive "Lactobifadol" into the organism when reared up to 7 weeks of age was investigated. A positive effect was achieved to increase the live weight of the experimental poultry by 5.0 % (p <0.5), the average feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in the group of broiler ducklings fed with Lactobifadol feed was 4.7 % less when compared to intact poultry. The dynamics of feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in the first three weeks of rearing was descending, and from 4 weeks of age until the end of rearing, fodder consumption increased significantly. For 6 weeks of growing, the average consumption of compound feed per head per day in the control group of broiler ducklings was 157.5 g, in the experimental group – 158.5 g per 1 bird/day. The inclusion of "Lactobifadol" in the diet to a certain extent stimulates the processes of erythrocytopoiesis, providing, within the physiological norm, an increase in the level of hemoglobin and the number of leukocytes.

New branch of poultry breeding in the Tyumen region

In many regions of the Russian Federation, the turkey breeding industry is just beginning to develop, which determines the relevance of research at the regional level. The purpose of the research was to analyze the production activity of a new branch of turkey breeding in the Tyumen region. The technology of keeping turkeys of the cross Hybrid Converter under the conditions of LLC “Absolut-Agro” at the Yurginskaya poultry farm has been analyzed in the paper. LLC “Absolut-Agro” is a large and promising poultry enterprise that has a closed production cycle. The cross Hybrid Converter was obtained as a result of crossbreeding two breeds: Bronze broad-chested and White Dutch. The analysis of the rearing of young turkeys from the daily age to slaughter has been carried out. In order to conduct the research 3 groups of turkeys have been formed by the years of rearing – 2017, 2018 and 2019. The dynamics of the growth of young turkeys has been presented, the effectiveness of feed use, the livability of poultry has been analyzed, and the economic effectiveness of rearing has been calculated. In order to determine the effectiveness of feed use, we studied the growth dynamics of young turkeys. During the rearing periods, observations were made on the livability of poultry, the state of health, and the feed consumption. The change in live weight has been determined by weighing the young turkeys every seven days during the rearing period. The group of rearing turkeys in 2019 surpassed the groups of 2017 and 2018 in all indicators, which were due to the enterprise reaching full production capacity in 2018. The poultry raised in 2019 showed the highest production effect. Feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain during the rearing period amounted to 2,25 kg in 2017, 2,19 kg in 2018, the lowest feed consumption was in 2019 and amounted to 2,16 kg. Thus, the current state of the turkey breeding industry has just begun its activity in the Tyumen region. In the company LLC “Absolut Agro” the most modern equipment has been installed and created conditions for turkey rearing, which allow improving the production indicators of the enterprise every year and developing the new poultry industry in the region.

Eimeterm preparation in combination with probiotic for eimeriosis of broiler-chickens

It has been established that eimeriosis intensively infects chickens aged from 7 days to three months with floor keeping, unbalanced monotonous feeding, a decrease of the general resistance of the organism and crowded housing, coccidiosis is difficult and is accompanied by a large mortality of birds. Despite the large number of methods and means of preventing of this disease in poultry farms of Dagestan Republic bird eimeriosis is widespread and causes significant economic damage to poultry farms and personal subsidiary farms of citizens. In this regard, the search and use of available anti-eimer drugs in combination with probiotics with immunochemical prophylaxis properties that meet modern requirements is a very urgent task. To study the effectiveness of therapy of eimeriosis in broiler birds, the drug Eimeterm was used in combination with the probiotic vet. It was found that eimeterm-2.5% ih dose 1 ml per 1 liter of water during 48 hours in combination with Vet 1.1.in dose 75 mg / kg, twice a day, during 7 days with feed, in eimeriosis of chickens - broilers has a pronounced anti-eimer effect, the effectiveness of the drugs - 98.2%. The combination of the schemes used contributed to the reduction of mortality from 7 to 1 head from 11.2 to 4.0%, i.e. exceeded 6.74 times, the effectiveness of treatment. Feed consumption of 1 kg of live weight gain in the control and experimental groups was 2.3 and 1.4 kg, respectively, which significantly reduces the cost of production. The average live weight of one chicken of the end of the experiment in the control and experimental groups -1710, 2040 g, respectively, or on 330 g (16.1%) more, than the chickens in the control . The productivity index in the first group - 72.60, in the experimental group, 265.0 points, which is on 3.65% higher than in the control.

Growth rate and meat quality of guinea fowl kept in farm conditions

The research (2018-2019) was conducted in the conditions of a peasant farm in the Voronezh region. The paper evaluates the indicators of the growth rate and meat productivity of the preserved gene pool groups of guinea fowl. The experiment involved three groups of daily guinea fowl of 200 heads of different genetic origin: lines of the Volga white breed (the original VB-4, selected by the rate of live weight gain and reproductive characteristics; autosex VBA-1, selected by the color of down, feather and productive characteristics) and gray-speckled guinea fowl of unknown origin. Studies have shown that the live weight of guinea fowl of the VBA-1 line exceeded the live weight of poultry from other groups of guinea fowl, a significant excess was noted at 8, 12 and 13 weeks of age. The greatest coefficient of variation of the trait was observed at 8 weeks of age. The analysis of relative gain in live weight of guinea fowl showed that up to 10 weeks of age, the highest relative growth rate of guinea fowl of all experimental groups was observed (14.0-17.0 %). Starting from the age of 11 weeks, this indicator gradually decreased (4.3-13.4 %). It was found out that under the same conditions of keeping and feeding, the feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain in guinea fowls of the VBA-1 line were less by 0.09-0.16 kg (3.11-6.33 %) compared to poultry of the VB-4 line and by 0.2-0.4 kg (5.49-12.82 %) compared to their gray-speckled peers. The results of anatomical cutting of guinea fowl carcasses showed that the experimental groups of poultry significantly (P< 0.05) differed among themselves in the degree of development of internal organs and tissues. The yield of edible parts was 60.2-61.1 %, depending on the group of poultry. The large live weight noted by us in linear poultry is the reason for their better meat productivity, which is directly related to an increase in the absolute mass of the eviscerated carcass, its edible parts, muscles and bones. Based on the data obtained, the optimal age of poultry slaughter for meat was determined at 10-12 weeks of life.

Analysis of the use of industrial crossbreeding to improve the profitability of the pig industry

The aim of the research was to conduct an economic assessment of the use of industrial crossbreeding in the pig industry.
 The study was carried out in LLC "Mayak-Agro" (Ukraine) and in the laboratories of the Cherkasy National University named after Bohdan Khmelnitsky and the Cherkasy Experimental Station of Bioresources of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Ukrainian breeds of pigs were used: (Ukrainian BigWhite-1 (UBW-1), Red White-Belt (RWB) and Duroc of the Ukrainian selection "Steppe" (DUSS)). Breeds of English origin: (Big White (EBW), Landrace (L), Pietrain (P)). Crossbreeds, obtained by crossing the breeds, mentioned above. A comprehensive assessment of the reproductive capacity of a sow was carried out taking into account multiple births, the number of piglets at one month of age and the average daily gain during this period. Growth and development were monitored in terms of changes in live weight by individual weighing at birth and every month to a live weight of 100 and 120 kg.
 Regardless of maternal form, in the groups where boars of the breeds Red White-Belt and Pietrain were used, higher indicators of comprehensive assessment of reproductive capacity were obtained. The best fattening qualities characterized piglets, obtained from a combination of sows (1/2UBW-1+1/2L) with boars of the Pietrain breed (P). In comparison with other variants of crosses, in this group the animals reached a live weight of 100 kg 7.6 days earlier. Their feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain were 3.33 feed units, which corresponds to the expected figure of 3.34 feed units when fattening up to 100 kg in 170 days. In terms of industrial pork production, breeding of animals of the group (1/4UBW-1+1/4L+1/2P) was more profitable, in which the highest level of profitability was obtained - 22.3 % for fattening up to 100 kg and 12.5 % for fattening up to 120 kg. Cultivation of three-breed hybrids to a live weight of over 100 kg led to a decrease in profitability among all research groups. The use of the genotype 1/4UBW-1+1/4L+1/2P in industrial production makes it possible to obtain animals of various weight conditions without significant additional costs and profitability level reduction.
 In the course of the research, it was found, that the best option for three-breed crossing is the use of boars of the Pietrain and Red White-Belt breeds. The use of boars of these breeds is ideal for producers looking for bacon pork. The use of boars of the Duroc breed of the Ukrainian selection "Steppe" (DUSS) makes it possible to obtain fatty pork with the possibility of fattening to different weight categories.

Influence of feed additive with Betulin on metabolism and productivity of broiler chickens

In order to increase the meat productivity of broiler chickens, increase production volumes and reduce the prime-cost of poultry products, it is necessary not only to ensure balanced feeding and compliance with production technology but also to include in the poultry diet non-traditional additives, biologically active substances that contribute to the normalization of metabolic processes and improve the digestibility of feed nutrients. One of these dietary additives is Betulin extracted from birch bark, which has antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. In this regard, the purpose of the research was to study the influence of compound feed with the introduction of 2 % feed additive based on a synthetic microspherical nanoporous carbon carrier containing biologically active Betulin in its composition on the productivity of broilers. The results of studies on broiler chickens using compound feed with 2 % feed additive have been presented in the article. It has been found that the feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain in poultry of the experimental group have been lower by 9,5 % due to better absorption of nutrients, the live weight of broiler chickens of the experimental group at the age of 42 days was 2625,6 g and it was higher than the control group by 3,68 %. The digestibility of crude protein and fat reached 92,73 and 88,03 %, which exceeded the control group by 1,03 and 3,03 abs.%, respectively. It has been found that the use of compound feed with 2 % of the feed additive with the biologically active substance is of practical importance in connection with the increase in the productivity of broilers and the level of profitability of meat production by 8,2 abs.%.

Preparation and application of a functional biological additive for quails based on microbial conversion of plant raw materials

When developing functional feed additives it is of interest to use microorganisms that have the ability to take root in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry and normalize its microflora to have a positive effect on the immune system. One of these bacteria is Propionibacterium shermanii, which has a fortifying, immunostimulating, antimutagenic effect, and can reduce the toxic effect of ultraviolet light and chemical compounds. Azotobacter vinelandii, which has probiotic fortifying, antibiotic properties, is effective as a stimulator of the development of the entire microbiota in a contaminated object, and recycles the formed ammonia in bird droppings, was chosen as another microorganism for creating the additive. The purpose of the research was to develop a functional biological additive based on probiotic microflora, using the by-products of crop processing in the formulations, and to select the norms for its introduction into the diet of quails. As a result of the research the technology of joint cultivation of Propionibacterium shermanii and Azotobacter vinelandii strains was developed, a universal starter culture was created that allows to ferment by-products of processing of plant raw materials, a functional additive with immunostimulating, vitamin and provitamin properties for quails has been obtained. The results of the production test confirmed the effectiveness of the developed additive in the diet of quails. Economic efficiency in the application of the proposed functional biological additive has been shown a reduction in feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain by 5,13 %. In addition, the economic effect of using the functional biological additive increases. Thus, the profit in the experimental group was 2738,34 rubles, which was 12,45 % higher than in the control group.

The comparative assessment of the effectiveness of growing broiler chickens Ross-308 and Iza-F-15 under industrial technology

The authors studied productivity and product quality under industrial poultry production technology. The productivity of broiler chickens of Ross-308 and Hubbard Iza-F-15 was different during floor rearing. Broiler chickens of Ross-308 outperformed Iza-F-15 chickens in body weight and average daily gain. The live weight at the slaughter of Ross-308 chickens was 2,360 g. The live weight of the chickens of Iza-F-15 was 2088 g. The conversion of feed to produce was higher in the chickens of Ross-308 cross by 0,06 kg compared with the chickens of Iza-F-15 and amounted to 1.64 kg per 1 kg of live weight gain. The survival rate was high for Ross-308 chickens (95.8%). The safety of the flock of the Izu-F-15 chickens was 2.2 per cent lower and was 93.6 per cent. Slaughter yield in the chickens cross Ross-308 is higher than in the group of chickens cross Iza-F-15. Meat quality is also better in Ross-308 chickens. Growing broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross for meat under industrial technology allowed to get more profit compared to the use of poultry of Iza-F-15 cross. At the exact cost of feed, 1 kg of live weight gain was 7.1 roubles, and per 1 head of chick was 19.1 roubles. The profitability level is also 12.6% higher for the broiler chickens of Ross-308 cross. The cumulative indicator the European productivity index is higher for chickens of Ross-308 breed, compared with chickens of Iza-F-15 breed on 56 units. This index was 341 and 285, respectively.

The use of the probiotic Cellobacterin-T in the diets of young chickens of the cross Brown Nick

According to the research results of domestic scientists and poultry breeders, the industrial use of multifunctional feed additives based on beneficial bacteria ensures the improvement of zoo technical and economic indicators of poultry farming, as well as the quality of the products obtained. The purpose of the work was the scientific and production justification of the optimal dosage of the enzymatic probiotic Cellobacterin-T in the diets of young chickens of the egg production direction of the cross Brown Nick. Experimental studies were carried out under the production conditions at the OOO “Avangard” poultry farm in the Ruzaevsky municipal area in the Republic of Mordovia. Four groups of young chickens (a control group and three experimental ones) were formed to conduct the research. The young poultry of the control group received the basic diet. The young poultry of the experimental groups received the basic diet with the inclusion by step mixing of the enzymatic probiotic Cellobacterin-T. To the chickens of the 1st experimental group Cellobacterin-T was additionally added to the basic diet at the rate of 70 mg/100 g of compound feed, the 2nd experimental group Cellobacterin-T was additionally added 100 mg/100 g of compound feed, the 3rd experimental group Cellobacterin-T was additionally added 130 mg/100 g of compound feed. As a result of scientific and economic and balance experiments, the optimal dosage of the drug was determined as 100 mg/100 g of compound feed. During production testing with the optimal dosage of the probiotic Cellobacterin-T, it was found that the use of the additive at the dose of 100 mg/100 g of compound feed reduced the prime-cost of producing 1 kg of live weight gain by 1,96 rubles, and increased the level of profitability of production compared with the control group by 1,88 abs.%.

Environmental impacts of Brazilian beef cattle production in the Amazon, Cerrado, Pampa, and Pantanal biomes

Grazing cattle production plays a fundamental role in rural landscape conservation, food security, and bioeconomy, allowing for subsistence, income, insurance, and food around the world. Conversely, livestock is associated with negative impacts on human health, animal welfare, and ecosystems. Thereby, a broad knowledge of the impacts of pasture-based beef production is essential for proposing sustainable practices and systems, particularly in Brazil, due to its importance. In this context, this study aims to assess the environmental impacts of beef production systems characteristic of different Brazilian biomes and, thus, provide baselines that support the future development of differentiated mitigation alternatives. Four systems were defined based on the relevance of the livestock activity in the Amazon, Cerrado, Pampa, and Pantanal biomes. Its main environmental impacts and components were identified using the life cycle analysis - LCA method, during the entire productive lives of the animals. GHG emissions resulted in mean values for Brazilian beef production of 13.32 kg CO2 equivalent per kg of live weight gain. The Cerrado presented higher values of terrestrial acidification, depletion of metals and fossil fuels, freshwater and marine ecotoxicity, and particulate matter formation. The Pantanal was more impacting in terms of climate change, water depletion, freshwater and marine eutrophication, and the photochemical oxidants formation. The Pampa was the region with the highest agricultural land occupation. Human toxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity were negative in all systems. Occupation of urban areas, ozone depletion, natural areas transformation, and ionizing radiation were not significant, concerning other human activities after normalization. The inclusion of different impact categories in the analysis offers new perspectives to minimize the impacts of Brazilian livestock on the planet. Pasture-based animal production systems with greater ecological, water, and carbon footprints show better results in indicators related to human health and environmental conservation. The intensification of grazing and the introduction of more productive forage species may represent new opportunities for adding value, improving life quality, and conservation of sensitive areas found in different environments that make up the diversity of Brazilian livestock production.

Beef Production on Rotationally Grazed F1 Pennisetum Hybrid and Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schum.) Pastures

COMPARATIVE studies of elephant and the F1 hybrids between the ‘maiwa’ Cultivar of millet (Pennisetum americanum) elephant grass (P. purpureum) indicated a superiority in quality of the hybrids. To ascertain this potential superiority animal performance was measured by exciting beef production on F1 Pennisetum hybrid and elephant grass pastures consisting of random mixture of genotype which were grazed from July 28 to December 6. 1972 (132 days) by 18 to 24 months old White Falani (Bunaji) Zebu heifers. Each pasture was divided into Six 0.07- ha paddocks which were grazed in rotation by two heifers for 5 to 7 days with intervening rest periods of 30 to 35 days. Total liveweight gains per hectare, of animals grazing F1 Pennisetum hybrid and elephant grass pastures were 246.71 and 171.77kg respectively. Mean daily liveweight gain per 100 Kg body weight of animals on the F1 Pennisetum hybrid nature was 0.18 kg which was significantly higher than the 0.13 kg of animals grazing elephant grass. Dry matter (DM) utilisation and average daily intake of the F1 hybrids and elephant grass were respectively, 46 and 35% and 2.2 an 2.0% of body weight while 11.71 kg and 15.85 kg of F1 Pennisetum hybrids and elephant grass, respectively, were consumed per kg of liveweight gain. The superior performance of animals grazing F1 hybrid Pennisetum, was attributed to the higher intake and more efficient conversion of the hybrids. Stand mortality of F1 Pennisetum hybrids and elephant grass at the end of the study were 25 and 15%, respectively. Greater animal output can be expected from F1 Pennisetum hybrids selected for improved DM production quality and plant persistence.