Kg Of Honey Research Articles

Quantifying Nectar Secretion Capacity of Dombeya torrida (J. F. Gmel.) for Honey Production

The honey production potential of a honey plant is assessed based on the total floral nectar secretion capacity of the plant foraged by honeybees within a specific location. This study aimed to assess the honey production potential of Dombeya torrida plants by examining their nectar secretion dynamics. A group of flowers was enclosed with mesh bags a day before collecting nectar to measure the accumulated volume. Nectar volume, concentration, and ambient temperature were measured at hourly intervals. The data collected were analyzed using statistical methods including one-way ANOVA and linear regression. The average sugar content per flower per season was found to be 14.3 mg, with a range from 2.3 to 47 mg. Based on this, each D. torrida tree was estimated to secrete an average of 0.94 kg of sugar, with a range from 0.15 to 3.1 kg. Nectar volume and concentration varied throughout the day, with temperature significantly influencing nectar concentration. The study estimated that a single D. torrida tree could yield around 1.2 kg of honey per flowering season, with a range from 0.18 to 3.78 kg. Additionally, on a larger scale, D. torrida plants were projected to produce an average of 300 kilograms of honey per hectare, ranging from 45 kg to 945 kg. These findings suggest that D. torrida has considerable potential for honey production. Consequently, planting and conservation of this plant for sustainable honey production practices is recommended.

Bioactivities and Phenolic Profiles of Honeys Derived from Plants of the Goldfields, Esperance and Wheatbelt Regions of Western Australia.

The aim of this study was to examine a collection of 79 honeys derived from plants endemic to several Western Australian unique bioregions for bioactivity and physicochemical characteristics. For physicochemical analyses, total phenolic content, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprints, pH, Brix, colour and hydrogen peroxide generation were examined. Brix (82.6±1.3) and pH (4.34±0.24) values were within expected ranges, whereas hydrogen peroxide levels determined using an o-dianisidine/horseradish peroxidase assay were relatively low, ranging from 0-244 μM. Antibacterial activity determined by the broth microdilution assay showed that Moort (Eucalyptus platypus) and Yate (Eucalyptus occidentalis) honeys had the highest overall activity with mean minimum inhibitory concentrations of 24.8 % and 25.1 % (w/v) honey, respectively. Yate honey also had the highest overall antioxidant activity (4.38±0.58 mmol Fe2+ /kg of honey), followed by Mallee honeys from various eucalypts, as determined by FRAP (Ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH⋅ (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assays. This study identified new sources of honeys with potentially useful therapeutic properties from bioregions within Western Australia.

Analysis of Royal Jelly Apis Cerana as Therapeutic Candidate in Cbavd Based on Bioinformatics Studies

Background: Apis cerana honey bee is a honey bee native to Asia that spreads from Afghanistan, China, and Japan to Indonesia. The productivity of Apis cerana honey bees can produce as much as 2-5 kg of honey per colony in a year. Royal jelly is the queen's nourishment, and it is produced by larvae, adult bees, young worker bees, and male bee larvae. CBAVD contributes to 1–2% of the 20–25% of males with subfertility. Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate Royal Jelly Apis Cerana as a potential therapeutic candidate for CBAVD using a bioinformatics approach. Method: This research method consisted of converting nucleotides into amino acids, analyzing the three-dimensional structure of Apis Cerana Royal Jelly Protein, Ramachandran Plot Analysis, Analysis of Epitope and Allergen Proteins, and Analysis of Proteins that were antigens and toxins. Results: The research results were conducted on six three-dimensional Apis Cerana Royal Jelly bee protein structures and had very good validity based on the Ramachandran plot, GQME value, and QmeanDisCo value. In addition, this study also obtained the results of proteins that are epitope, antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic. Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used as a basis for therapy against CBAVD.

Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions from Honey Production: Two-Year Survey in Italian Beekeeping Farms

The objective of this study was to quantify the climate change (CC) impact of the honey supply chain in different beekeeping systems and farms, over two consecutive years. The CC impact category is quantified as kg CO2 equivalent and it evaluates the GHG emissions, mainly CO2, N2O, and CH4. The results ranged from 0.44 to 3.18 (p = 0.039) kg CO2e/kg honey with higher values in 2021 than 2020. The main contributors to climate change of the honey supply chain are represented by transport and supplemental feeding inputs. The beekeeping system (migratory or stationary) influenced CC: the contribution to CC for stationary farms was estimated at 0.58 kg CO2e/kg honey and 2.48 for migratory ones (p < 0.001). Given the close connection between honey yield and LCA results due to the unit of measurement of impact, i.e., kg of honey produced, an index was developed (wildflower honey climate index) as a simple benchmark tool for prediction of honey yield in the survey context. Using the data from the present study, we found that the index is positively related to honey yield (r = 0.504; p < 0.05) but negatively related to supplemental feeding (r = -0.918; p < 0.01) and overall carbon footprint (r = -0.657; p < 0.05). Further studies are needed to better explain the effects of weather on honey production, as well as environmental impact.

Üretim Performansı ve Apis mellifera scutellata Arı Irkı Tarafından Gerçekleştirilen Çeşitli Önemli Davranışlar

Honey bee colonies exhibit a wide range of behavioral variations depending on genetic origin and environmental factors. Therefore, the performance evaluation of honey bee races is critical to laying a foundation for future selection and improvement in Ethiopia. Thirty colonies of Apis mellifera scutellata (A. m. scutellata) similar in resources contained in the hive were kept in improved box hives and evaluated through various behaviors (i.e. Reproductive swarming tendency, foraging activity, defensive behavior, hygienic behavior, brood population, honey production, and absconding behavior) during the active season and dearth season. In the study area, the A. m. scutellata race has a higher swarming tendency in the active season, with up to 3.42 queen caps per hive prepared per year. Defensive behavior during the active season takes an average of 25.41 seconds after disturbances and follows up to a 212.20-meter distance. But during the dearth season, the colony slightly took a long time to reach aggressiveness after disturbance (31.28 seconds) and followed the observer for a short distance (45.58 meters). The closed brood production is higher (149 units per hive) during the active season and nectar production units per hive are reduced by 50% as compared to the dearth season. The yielding performance of the race per frame ranged from 1.3 kg to 1.5 kg, and an average of 14 kg of honey per harvest. The A. m. scutellata exhibited an absconding tendency of 34.5% if there was any disruption. A. m. scutellata showed good performance in hygienic behaviors (&amp;gt;95%), but undesirable behaviors in defensive behavior, and swarming tendencies make it difficult to manage honey bees. However, the race has good performance in foraging and hygienic behaviors. Further, studies of the honey bee race through selection and breeding could be conducted to reduce the higher defensive and swarming tendency of A. m. scutellata to improve production performance.

Recapping and mite removal behaviour in Cuba: home to the world’s largest population of Varroa-resistant European honeybees

The Varroa destructor ectoparasitic mite has spread globally and in conjunction with Deformed Wing Virus has killed millions of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies. This has forced Northern hemisphere beekeepers into using miticides to avoid mass colony losses. However, in many Southern hemisphere countries widespread treatment did not occur since miticides were prohibitively expensive, or a centralised choice was made not to treat, both allowing natural selection to act. The Varroa mite initially caused high losses before mite-resistance appeared in the honeybee populations. Initially, mite-resistance was only associated with African and Africanised honeybees. Although recently, several isolated mite-resistant European honeybee populations have appeared. Here we studied the mite-resistance in Cuba and found high rates of recapping of infested worker cells (77%), high removal of mites (80%) and corresponding low mite fertility (r = 0.77). These are all traits found in all naturally evolved Varroa-resistant populations. We can confirm Cuba has the world’s largest European mite-resistant population with 220,000 colonies that have been treatment-free for over two decades and illustrating the power of natural selection. Cuban honeybees are also highly productive, 40–70 kg of honey produced annually, and are mild mannered. Cuba is an excellent example of what is possible when honeybees are allowed to adapt naturally to Varroa with minimal human interference.

Cytotoxic activity of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey, its extract, and homogentisic acid on CAL 27, HepG2, and Caco-2 cell lines.

Strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) honey (STH), also known as “bitter honey”, is a traditional medicine widely used in the Mediterranean area. Regardless of geographical origin, it usually has a very high content of phenolic compounds and strong antioxidant capacity. Yet, little is still known about the effects of STH, its phenolic extract (STHE), and its main bioactive compound – homogentisic acid (HGA) – at the cell level. The aim of this study was to estimate total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of STH made in Croatia and investigate cytotoxic and pro-oxidative effects of STH, STHE and HGA on three human cell lines: tongue squamous cell carcinoma (CAL 27), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2) cells. These substances were tested at four concentrations (0.5–5× average human daily intake of STH) and over 30 min and 1 and 2 h. Croatian STH had a total phenolic content of 1.67 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per kg of honey, DPPH radical scavenging activity of 2.96 mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per kg of honey, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of 13.5 mmol Fe2+ per kg of honey. Our results show no clear and consistent time- or concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in any of the cell lines. ROS levels in all the three cell types at almost all exposure times were not significantly higher than control. The most important observation is that the tested substances have low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, regardless of concentration, which is a good starting point for further research of their biological effects in other models.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of organic honey production in Serbia

Economic justification of organic honey production is analyzed in the paper. The emphasis was placed on specific revenues and expenses that occur in organic honey production, and economic justification was examined by calculating indicators of economic efficiency, profitability and labour productivity. Based on the collected data, a calculation of production was made and a profitability threshold was established, which is achieved with 38 bee colonies, or with production volume of 570 kg of honey. Farms with more colonies have better indicators of production success. The expenses arising from the transition from conventional to organic production will be most quickly covered by farms with 200 bee colonies that generate enough income from organic honey production to operate positively in the third year of organizing such production.

FACTORS INFLUENCING HONEY MARKETING IN CASE OF GIMBO WOREDA; KAFA ZONE

This study was aimed to analyze factors influencing honey marketing efficiency in case of Gimbo woreda; kafa zone with the specific objectives of examining the factors influencing honey marketing efficiency and assessing the level of marketing channels efficiency. In order to attain these objectives the researcher used primary and secondary data by using structured questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 120 and marketing middleman’s from six rural honey producing kebeles by using judgmental sampling techniques. The analysis of marketing efficiency was made by using marketing margin analysis. The assessment of marketing channels of honey show that there are four marketing participants; these include honey producers, retailers, wholesalers and consumers. Three marketing channels were identified in the study area. First channel involved selling of honey directly from producers to consumers; second channel involved selling honey from producers to retailers to consumers and third channel is Producer – Retailer – Wholesaler – consumers. The results from gross Margin analysis result reveal that beekeepers earned on average birr 1304.892 per hive as a Gross income from the sales of 15.781kg of honey on average. Based on the findings this research recommended policy remedies in order to improve honey marketing efficiency by facilitating reliable market outlet for the beekeeper, establishing marketing organizations (cooperatives) to allow farmers to sell their products at competitive product price. The findings suggests that, effective market service has to be established to provide accurate and timely market information to farmers and traders on current honey demand and prices at national and regional levels. Emphasis should be given to improve producers and marketing middleman’s capacity, through offering credit and other services to improve in the marketing of honey.

HONEY MARKETING PROBLEMS AND HONEY CONSUMPTION HABITS IN ERZURUM

In this study a survey was made for determining honey consumption habits and honey marketing problems between1-31 March 2010. In the consumers based research data were collected from (105 consumers) criterias when buying honey, different kinds and health benefits of honey in Erzurum. According the assesments of results; it was found that 46.66% of consumers consumed 5 kg of honey per capita per annum and taken into consideration using honey every day. It was determined that the product quality and floral source of honey were more important than price, brand name, region, flavour and colour for consumers. Most of the consumers (60.95%) prefered cenrifugal honey in this study. According to the survey findings, the brand did not have an important effect on consumers’ honey consumption and purchasing habits. This result revealed that there was a negative situation about production and marketing of honey in Erzurum.

The application of formic acid to treat varroaatosis in bees in organic animal husbandry

The research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of formic acid as an antiparasitic agent against the varroa mite. The research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiparasitic agent against the varroa mite and to determine the possibility of using formic acid in organic apiculture. The study was carried out in the nomadic apiaries of Volgograd (apiary 1), Olkhovsky (apiary 2) and Dubovsky (apiary 3) districts of the Volgograd region. The nests were formed by the pairing method with 5 experimental and control families in each apiary after the central beehive (end of July, beginning of August) before the preparation of the bee families for wintering by shrinkage. The authors carried out antiparasitic measures using a gel containing 85% formic acid in the experimental groups twice with an interval of two weeks. The gel is contained in sachets of 30 grams each. The authors placed formic acid over the frames under the canvas (at the rate of 1 sachet per bee colony). The experimental results showed that the treatment measures in the experimental groups had a positive effect on all apiaries. In those groups where formic acid was used, the number of mites decreased by 14.3-28.2% and did not exceed 3.8%. At the same time, in the control groups, the number of mites increased. The treatment measures had a positive effect on the overwintering of the bees. Bee mortality in the autumn-winter-spring period in the experimental groups did not exceed 8.3%. In contrast, in the control families, the wastage was no lower than 18.8%. Also, in two apiaries, one family each died in the control groups. Honey productivity, in the end, was also higher in the experimental groups. The experimental groups produced at least 27.42 kg of honey. The control groups had 17.9 kg of honey per family. Profitability in the experimental groups ranged from 40.87 in Apiary 2 to 60.62% in Apiary 3. This was less than 24.47 per cent in the control apiaries.

Assessment of risk to honey bees and honey consumers resulting from the insect exposure to captan, thiacloprid, penthiopyrad, and λ-cyhalothrin used in a commercial apple orchard.

Samples of leaves, flowers, soil, pollen, bee workers, bee brood, honey, and beeswax were collected to assess the possibility of a transfer of captan, thiacloprid, penthiopyrad, and λ-cyhalothrin from apple trees of Idared variety to honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives. Chemical analyses were performed using the Agilent 7890 Gas Chromatograph equipped with the Micro-cell Electron Capture Detector. It was found that significant amounts of penthiopyrad, the active ingredient of Fontelis 200 SC, were present in leaves, flowers, pollen, bee workers, and beeswax. Simultaneously, captan was present in the brood, worker bees, and honey samples. Significant levels of the captan residues were also detected on the soil surface. In honey samples, captan residue levels exceeded the acceptable standard, reaching 160% of its maximum residue level. However, in no case the amounts of captan, thiacloprid, penthiopyrad, and λ-cyhalothrin ingested with honey by an adult consumer exceeded the level of 0.02% of the acceptable daily intake. Despite the trace amounts of pesticide residues in honey samples collected during the field trial, bee honey consumption can be considered safe. An adult consumer can safely consume about 16kg of honey.

Heat and mass transfer in a honey dehydrator with closed air circulation

The article contains the results of research on transient heat and mass transfer processes occurring in a honey dehydrator with the capacity of 30 kg of honey with closed air circulation with volumetric flow rates V˙a = 0.01–0.03 m3s−1. The research was carried out different rotational speeds of the honey mixer ns = 120-270 rpm, without and with preheating of the honey. The article presents heat and mass balance equations for the considered process of honey dehydration, the values of heat transfer and mass transfer coefficients between honey and air were determined. The values obtained are respectively α = 5-25 Wm−2 K−1, β = 0.001–0.035 kg m−2s−1. The reduction of mixer speed from ns = 270 rpm tons = 120 rpm was accompanied by an increase in average heat and mass transfer coefficients of approx. 30% and 52%, respectively. The tripled volumetric flow rate of air(V˙a1/ V˙a2 = 3) resulted in an increase in heat and mass transfer coefficients – on average by 80% and 140%, respectively. Preheating the honey allows to increase the amount of removed water by 30%. The paper presents the general dimensionless expressions allowing for the calculation of heat and mass transfer coefficients.

Analysis of honey productivity of robinia (Robinia pseudoaca-cia L.) plantations in forest vegetation conditions of the steppe don region

Robinia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is known for high honey productivity: in Ukraine, in Romania it is 600-800 kg, in Nonblack soil area it is up to 360 kg from 1 ha of a continuous forest stand.According to observations of the scientists, a bee family can collect up to 8 kg of honey under favorable weather conditions from a Robinia tree, and under adverse weather there were from 4 to 6 kg of Robinia honey in strong families at the apiary.The task of our study was to determine honey productivity of Robinia depending on locality, exposure and the slopesteepness. Optimum forest vegetation conditions for maximum nectar emission by Robinia flowers were defined. A number of methods defining taxation indices, sugar content in nectar, blooming intensity and honey productivity was used to solve the assigned tasks. Carried out comparative analysis of honey productivity indices showed that local topography influences the blooming terms of plants and nectar emission. So, the most productive locality for beekeeping is locality with gulches. It provides the best honey yield under favourable meteorology and forest vegetation conditions.

Radioactivity of honey in central and southern Poland

In 2017, the Polish public consumed on average 0.61 kg of honey, while the European average consumption was 0.7 kg (Data on honey consumption in Poland, 2014) [http://www.portalspozywczy.pl]. The main point of this study was to investigate the 210Po activity concentrations in different types of floral and non-floral honey, type of clad honey is made of and honey yield in honey available on the Polish market. Activity of 210 Po in honey ranged from 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.384 ± 0.004 Bq kg−1 with effective dose 0.005 ± 0.001 to 0.281 ± 0.003 μSv/year. The activity in honey was measured by alpha-spectrometry. The concentration of radionuclide depends on the raw material used by bees and plant type. The highest concentration of 210Po was observed in the honeydew honey and herbal honey.

Empowerment effort for surrounding forest community living in the buffer zone and traditional zone at Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP)

The current condition of Bukit Tigapuluh National Park (BTNP) is far from the standard function of a national park, as defined in Law no 5/1990, regarding biodiversity conservation and its ecosystem. The condition influences all organisms (flora and fauna) and surrounding forest communities who depend on the existence of BTNP. One solution that can be offered to tackle the situation is by providing empowerment programs for the local community who live near the national park to optimize the use of their local wisdom. Methods used in this study is an in-depth interview. The result of this study shows that area near the national park has a high potential to develop Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) commodity, especially for honey bee cultivation. As a result, in 4 months of honey bee development program, the community could harvest 14.95 kg of honey from 57 boxes of species Trigona sp. Honey bee produced in the traditional zone is more productive than that in the buffer zone area. The government needs to prepare sustainable programs of community empowerment by improving the productivity of NTFPs. The increasing community involvement in forest management and revitalization is needed to restore the function of the forest area.

Indigenous technology in beekeeping of stingless bees (Trigona SPS.) by locals of south Goa, India

In India Honeybees viz., Apis cerana indica (Indian bee), Apis mellifera (Italian bee), Apis dorsata (Rock bee), Apis florea (Little bee) and Trigona sps. (Stingless bee) are observed pollinating different crops. Apis cerana indica (Indian bee or Satode muha mus) is scientifically domesticated by Goan locals considering its role in pollination as well as honey production. However, Trigona sps. (konyatale muha mus) is domesticated by few local Goans in south Goa with indigenous technology which is inherited from their ancestors. This study was done to understand indigenous technology to rear (Trigona sps.) stingless bee which is unque and not used in other honeybee species. The present findings also give importance to evolve commercial strategies to extract pure natural honey from Trigona sps. and conservation of stingless bee. Locals of South Goa have developed technology to rear stingless bees in earthen pots, bamboo poles, areca nut poles and wooden logs. Stingless bees build a comb made up of propolis, mud and about 300-400 g pure honey per colony per year. Due to medicinal value the honey produced by Trigona sps., fetches good price in the range of Rs.2000 to 3000 per kg of honey.

Analisis Produktivitas, Keuntungan, dan Efisiensi Biaya Usaha Budidaya Lebah Madu Trigona sp. di Kecamatan Landono Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

This study aims to determine the productivity of Trigona sp beekeeping, know the benefits of Trigona sp beekeeping and find out the cost efficiency of Trigona sp beekeeping in Landono Subdistrict, Konawe Selatan Regency. This research was conducted in November 2019 to March 2020 using quantitative descriptive methods. Analysis of the data used in this research is productivity analysis, profit analysis, and cost efficiency analysis using the RC ratio. The results obtained, the average value of honey bee productivity in each bee colony produces 1.02 kg of honey, the average profit of Trigona sp beekeeping is Rp5,068,900, - and RC The average ratio of Trigona sp beekeeping is 3.01. RC ratio value&gt; 1 which indicates that the Trigona sp honey beekeeping business is profitable and can be continued. Based on this research it is expected that the Trigona sp bee business can be better known and developed more broadly.

Comparative assessment of Zn accumulation by plants of Silybum marianum depending on fertilizer type

Recently, thorny (Silybum marianum) plants have gained considerable popularity in Ukraine. In addition to the proven medicinal properties of this plant for the prevention of human diseases, the use of milk thistle in other areas is increasing. Milk thistle is used as a vegetable plant because its young leaves have nutritional value. It is also grown as a valuable summer honey plant capable of producing honey at 50–70 kg of honey per hectare.Increasingly, there are reports of the introduction of thistle spotted into the modern crop rotation. However, often the technology of growing it has not yet been studied, so traditional technologies are used, which are adapted to regional conditions for the cultivation of spring early crops of a wide-row sowing method. The control of zinc content, like other toxicants, in vegetative mass and seeds of milk thistle, due to insufficient study of this culture, is very rare. This requires further study of the intensity of zinc accumulation in milk thistle plants with modern cultivation technologies that involve the use of a wide range of mineral fertilizers.Field studies were conducted during 2017–2019 on gray medium loam soil in the farms of Vinnytsia region. Sow thistle spotted in spring time using five fertilizer options: applying nitrogen fertilizer ammonium nitrate, phosphorus fertilizer superphosphate is simple, potassium fertilizer potassium chloride, fertilizer mixtures: ammonium nitrate, superphosphate simple, potassium chloride. Based on the results of laboratory analysis of zinc content in leaf mass and seed thistle spotted, the accumulation coefficient was calculated as the ratio of zinc content in the plant to the content of mobile zinc forms in the soil and the hazard ratio as the ratio of zinc content in the plant to MPC.The intensity of zinc accumulation by the leaf mass and seeds of the milk thistle for feeding it with mineral fertilizers was studied. The accumulation coefficient and the hazard coefficient of zinc in the leaf mass and seeds of the milk thistle for feeding it with ammonium nitrate, potassium chloride, and superphosphate were established. It is proved that with the use of fertilizers less zinc is accumulated by the seeds of milk thistle when using a mixture of ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride, and leaf mass — potassium chloride. The highest level of zinc accumulation by leaf mass and silybum seeds was observed when fertilizing crops with ammonium nitrate.When using potassium chloride as a fertilizer, the zinc content in the leaf mass of silybum thistle increased by 14.5%, simple superphosphate — by 15.8%, a mixture of ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride — by 42.7%, ammonium nitrate — by 81.6%. The use of a mixture of ammonium nitrate, simple superphosphate and potassium chloride causes an increase in the zinc content in the dry matter of the seeds of milk thistle by 11.8% compared to the version without fertilizing. The introduction of simple superphosphate contributes to an increase in zinc content by 17.2%, potassium chloride — by 23.4%, ammonium nitrate — by 26.9%.

Honey price estimation for the future in Turkey; example of 2019- 2020

The purpose of the present study is to develop models for the time series data of honey prices in Turkey between 1998 and 2018 using Box-Jenkins and Winter's Exponential Smoothing methods and to evaluate the TRY- and US$-denominated forecasts made using such models for 2019-2020. The method employed to analyse the time series data is the Seasonal Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA). The most suitable model to forecast the honey prices was found to be SARIMA (2,1,2)(1,0,1) for TRY-denominated prices and SARIMA (0,1,3)(0,0,0) for US$-denominated prices. It was forecast that the average price of 1 kg of honey would be 49.08 TRY/6.15 US$ at the end of 2020. Since the study will provide beekeepers with information on future prices, it will help them better plan their production activities. The price forecasts in this study will be useful for producers and those involved in sale of honey with respect to prediction of how the honey prices will change in the years to come.