Kg Of Body Weight Research Articles

Influence of Patient Weight on Prehospital Advanced Airway Procedure Success Rates

ABSTRACT Objective: Previous investigations of the relationship between obesity and difficult airway management have provided mixed results. Almost universally, these studies were conducted in the hospital setting, and the influence of patient body weight on successful prehospital airway management remains unclear. Because patient weight could be one readily identifiable risk factor for problematic airway interventions, we sought to evaluate this relationship. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the 2020 ESO Data Collaborative dataset. The inclusion criteria consisted of adult patients weighing >30kg with an attempted orotracheal intubation (OTI) and/or blind insertion airway device (BIAD) placement. Separate logistic regression models were developed to determine the influence of weight (dichotomized at 100kg) on cumulative procedure success for OTI and BIAD, and linear regression models were used to identify trends for each across weight strata. Results: A total of 45,344 patients met inclusionary criteria, among which 40,668(89.7%) suffered from a medical emergency, followed by 3,130(6.9%) with traumatic injuries, and 1,546(3.4%) attributable to a combined medical-trauma etiology. Cardiac arrest occurred either prior to EMS arrival or at some point during EMS care in 38,210(84.3%) patients. OTI was attempted in 18,153(40.0%) patients, while 21,597(47.6%) had a BIAD attempt and 5,594(12.3%) had both airway types attempted. The overall cumulative insertion success rates for OTI and BIAD were 79.5% and 92.7%, respectively. Altogether, 2,711(6.0%) had no advanced airway of any type successfully placed, which represents the overall failed advanced airway rate. After controlling for patient age, sex, minority status, and call type (medical vs. trauma), weight >100kg was associated with decreased likelihood of cumulative OTI success (OR = 0.64,p < 0.001), but higher likelihood of cumulative BIAD success (OR = 1.31,p < 0.001). Cumulative OTI success was associated with a negative 0.6% linear trend per 5kg of body weight (p < 0.001) while cumulative BIAD success had a 0.2% positive trend (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This retrospective analysis of a national EMS database revealed that increasing patient weight was negatively associated with intubation success. A positive, but smaller, linear trend was observed for BIAD placement. Patient weight may be an easily identifiable predictor of difficult oral intubation and may be a consideration when selecting an airway management strategy.

The Impact of Neocidol on Hematological Parameters in Swiss Albino Mice

Neocidol, containing Diazinon, stands as a prevalent compound in the fields of plant protection and insect control for public health. Despite its historical prominence, Neocidol, classified as a non-systemic organophosphate, exerts its effects by inhibiting cholinesterase, a pivotal enzyme in nerve transmission. In light of the widespread use of Neocidol in Libya and the absence of local studies, this research endeavors to assess its impact on blood parameters and the biochemistry of female white mice. The study involves prolonged tests wherein a sublethal concentration of 15 µl Neocidol per kg of body weight is introduced through the mice's drinking water. Toxicity assessments reveal noteworthy distinctions in various blood parameters between treated and untreated mice. Treated mice exhibit elevated leukocyte and erythrocyte values, coupled with diminished MCHC and MCV values. While blood chemistry results generally align between the control and treatment groups, an exception is observed in the form of heightened Alk-phosphatase values in treated mice. In summary, despite Neocidol's historical favorability in agricultural and public health pest control, this study underscores emerging criticisms concerning its identified health and environmental implications.

Response to Incremental Replacement of Palm Oil with Fish Oil in Starter Diet on Growth Performance, Plasma Metabolites, Ruminal Fermentation, and Behavior of Dairy Calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the incremental levels of n-3 fatty acids (FA) in starter feed (SF) on growth and metabolic performance of milk-fed calves. From day 3 of age, 30 female calves (39.4 ± 3.1 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments: (1) SF supplemented with 3.3% palm fatty acids (PO), (2) SF supplemented with 1.7% of PO and 1.9% fish oil (PFO), or (3) SF supplemented with 3.9% fish oil (FO). Chopped straw (7.5% of DM) was included in the SF of all treatments as total mixed ration (TMR). Diets had similar energy and protein contents. Total n-3 FA (% of total FA) and n-6/n-3 of PO, PFO, and FO were 1.90, 6.80, and 11.8 and 15.5, 4.50, and 2.70, respectively. The BW was greater for calves receiving FO (60.2 ± 0.3 kg) compared with PFO (58.7 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.007) and tended to be greater for calves receiving FO vs. PO (59.0 ± 0.3 kg; p = 0.050). Because there was no interaction effect between diet × week of experiment, the greater BW of FO could not be attributed to the dietary treatment. Accordingly, average daily gain, total dry matter intake (DMI), starter DMI, and gain to intake ratio (G:FI) did not differ among dietary treatments during the entire period of the study (p > 0.05). Dietary treatments did not impact body size parameters such as body length, body girth, withers height, heart girth, hip height, and width (p > 0.05). Neither ruminal fermentation parameters nor blood variables were influenced by supplementing the types of oil at different time points. Calves' behavioral parameters, such as standing, lying, eating, and ruminating, were not influenced by different dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The number of days with abnormal fecal score was not different among dietary groups (p > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that changing the n-6/n-3 ratio in starter feed by incremental replacement of palm fatty acid with fish oil at a moderate supplemental level of ~3% of DM may not affect the growth and metabolic performance of young calves under non-challenged conditions.

CAPE ameliorates vascular damage caused by sepsis

parameters of vascular and oxidative damage caused by sepsis and to evaluated the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on these damages.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Wistar-Albino male rats were used for this study. Rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Group 1 animals were intraperitoneally (i.p) injected with sterile saline (Control Group). Group 2 animals were i.p injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 20 mg / kg-weight dose (Sepsis Group). Group 3 animals were i.p injected with lipopolysaccharide, 20 mg / kg-weight dose. Immediately after LPS injection, CAPE was i.p injected at single dose, 10 µmol / kg-body weight (Treatment Group). A single dose of CAPE, 10 µmol / kg-body weight / day, was injected i.p to Group 4 animals for 5 days. After 5th day CAPE injection, a single dose of LPS 20 mg / kg-weight was injected (Protective Group). At the 6th hour after the injections applied to all groups, blood sample were taken intracardiac and their serum were separated for the studies. Homocysteine (Hcy), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the protective and therapeutic effects of CAPE on these parameters was investigated.&#x0D; Results: Control group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 4.987 ± 0.096 µmol/l, 0.803 ± 0.020 nmol/ml, 21.123 ± 2.575 ng/l, 3.155 ± 0.078 ng/ml, respectively. Sepsis group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 8.975 ± 0.160 µmol/l, 3.953 ± 0.678 nmol/ml, 52.446 ± 2.546 ng/l, 10.783 ± 1.068 ng/ml, respectively. Treatment group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 5.286 ± 0.037 µmol/l, 1.304 ± 0.040 nmol/ml, 27.995 ± 1.299 ng/l, 3.72 ± 0.073 ng/ml, respectively. Protective group Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels were found to be 5.401 ± 0.042 µmol/l, 1.431 ± 0.056 nmol/ml, 32.708 ± 1.326 ng/l, 4.058 ± 0.069 ng/ml, respectively. It was observed that the Hcy, ADMA, ET-1 and VCAM-1 levels of the sepsis group increased significantly compared to the control group (p0.05). It was observed that CAPE treatment significantly decreased these parameters levels. However, the use of CAPE as a protective was not as effective as its treatment effect.&#x0D; Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that sepsis resulted in increase Hcy, ADMA, ET-1, VCAM-1 levels. All these changes indicate that sepsis-mediated vascular damage is increased. Our results demonstrated that CAPE is more effective in preventing sepsis-mediated damages when given as a treatment.

Effects of Nano Selenium on Some Metabolic and Rumen Parameters in Dorper Sheep

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of nano selenium (N-Se) supplementation on some metabolik parameters and rumen fermentation in sheep. In the study, twenty female Dorper sheep, average 60.1±0.44 kg of body weight were used and blood samples and rumen fluid were taken at the end of trial. The animals were randomly divided into two trial groups (n=10). The control animals received the basal ration without Se supplementation, containing a native Se content of 0.06 mg/kg DM. The other sheep were fed the same basal ration supplemented with 3 g/head/day N-Se. Trial were 66 days with 10 days of adaptation to feed and 56 days of feeding period. Serum total protein (p=0.514) and albumin (p=0.126) levels did not change by feeding N-Se. Serum T-cholesterol, triglycerides, AST (p=0.001) and ALT (p=0.030) levels were decreased in the N-Se-treated group when compared with the control. Supplementation of N-Se did not effect ruminal pH values (p=0.792), the molar concentration of acetic acid (p=0.133) and butyric acid (p=0.089), but the ammonia concentration (p=0.001) was decreased, and total VFA concentration (p=0.003) was increased. The ratio of acetate to propionate decreased due to the increasing of propionate concentration (p=0.034). The obtained results indicated that N-Se supplementation positively improved ruminal fermentation and metabolic status. It was concluded that N-Se can be used as an alternatively available selenium source in sheep.

Impact of combined management strategies of monensin and virginiamycin in high energy diets on ruminal fermentation and nutrients utilization.

Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are commonly utilized in feedlot diets to enhance rumen fermentation. Nevertheless, the precise effects of combining MON and VM during specific feedlot periods and the advantages of this combination remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility in Nellore cattle. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 28 days. Five rumen-cannulated Nellore yearling bulls were used (414,86 ± 21,71 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON during the entire feeding period; (2) VM during the entire feeding period; (3) MON + VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (4) MON + VM during the entire feeding period; (5) MON + VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. For the finishing period 1, animals fed T3 had improved potential degradability of dry matter (p = 0.02). Cattle fed T3 and T5 had the highest crude protein degradability when compared to animals receiving T2 (p = 0.01). Animals fed T2 and T3 had reduced the time (p < 0.01) and area under pH 6.2 (p = 0.02). Moreover, animals fed T4 had greater population of protozoa from the genus Diplodinium (p = 0.04) when compared to those from animals fed T2, T3 and T5. For the finishing period 2, animals fed T3 had greater starch degradability when compared to animals receiving T4 and T5 (p = 0.04). Animals fed T3, T4 and T5 had increased the duration of time in which pH was below 5.6 (p = 0.03). The area under the curve for ruminal pH 5.2 and pH 5.6 was higher for the animals fed T3 (p = 0.01), and the area under pH 6.2 was higher for the animals fed T3 and T5 (p < 0.01) when compared to animals receiving T2. There is no substantial improvement on the rumen fermentation parameters by the concurrent utilization of MON and VM molecules, where the higher starch and protein degradability did not improve the rumen fermentation.

Resistance of Gastrointestinal Nematodes to Anthelmintics in Sheep Production in Zimbabwe

Introduction: Sheep play a crucial role in enhancing the socio-economic welfare of individuals in numerous nations. Within sub-Saharan Africa, productivity levels are hindered by various factors, such as prevalent diseases, inadequate nutrition, climate variations, predators, severe weather, as well as infestations of both external and internal parasites. The purpose of the present study was to assess the extent of anthelmintic resistance (AR) observed on a sheep farm operating for commercial purposes in Zimbabwe. Materials and methods: Forty female weaner Dorper sheep, averaging 43 kg in body weight, were selected from Ballineety commercial sheep farm in Mashonaland Central, Zimbabwe. These sheep were then divided into four groups of ten each, receiving different treatments including ivermectin, albendazole, levamisole, and no treatment as a control. Each treatment was administered according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Pre-treatment faecal samples (day zero) and post-treatment (day 14) were collected and subjected to the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). Anthelminthic resistance was suggested (AR) by the presence of faecal eggs after treatment. Results: All the drugs indicated a decrease in egg counts by less than 90%. The effectiveness of ivermectin, albendazole, and levamisole was measured at 58.5%, 70.1%, and 85.8% respectively. These findings indicate that nematodes have developed resistance to all treatments. The larval cultures of the samples before and after treatment indicated a significant presence of Haemonchus spp. in the pooled samples. In contrast, the quantities of Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp. were low but present in all treatments. Cooperia spp. was recovered in post-treatment larval cultures of groups that received anthelmintic. The present study reports lower-than-expected efficacy for ivermectin, albendazole, and levamisole based on the reduction of egg excreted post-treatment. Conclusion: A common worms population in sheep are AR in the current study area. Therefore, comprehensive nematode management programs along with complementary eradication strategies are essential for sustainable sheep production.

Abstract P254: Association Between Protein Intake and Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Background and Aim: To determine the protein intake associated with the prevalence of sarcopenia, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1251 community-dwelling older Japanese aged 60 years and older. Methods: The mean age of the participants was 68.8 years, and the percentage of women was 56.7%. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 by low muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass), muscle strength (grip strength), and physical performance (gait speed). Protein and energy intake were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Logistic regression models were used to estimate the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of the prevalence of sarcopenia according to gender-specific tertiles of protein intake as a percentage of total energy. Corresponding analyses were done also for protein intake per day and for protein intake per kg of body weight, separately, instead of protein intake as a percentage of total energy. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 8.0% (100/1251). The median protein intake as a percentage of total energy, protein intake per day, and protein intake per body weight by gender were, in order, 11.8%E, 59.2 g/day, and 0.9 g/kg/day for males and 14.1%E, 54.7 g/day, and 1.0 g/kg/day for females. Since there was no gender interaction in the association between each protein intake and the prevalence of sarcopenia, we performed the analysis for males and females combined. The multivariable adjusted ORs (95%CI) of the prevalence of sarcopenia was lower in the high protein intake as a percentage of total energy (&gt;12.6%E in males and &gt;15.2%E in females, respectively) group (0.47 (0.27-0.83)) than in the low intake (&lt;11.1%E in males and &lt;13.4%E in females, respectively) group; the linear trend was significant (p =0.009). Similarly, we found a significantly inverse association for sarcopenia prevalence at protein intakes higher than 54.4 g/day for males and 50.6 g/day for females, compared to those with lower intakes. However, there was no association between protein intake per body weight and the prevalence of sarcopenia. We obtained similar results when the participants were restricted to those 65 years and older as a sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Significant inverse associations were found between the prevalence of sarcopenia and protein intake in community-dwelling older Japanese. However, we should consider that protein intake assessed by the FFQ is often underestimated when discussing absolute protein intake for sarcopenia prevention.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE, NITROGEN UTILIZATION AND ECONOMICS OF RED SOKOTO BUCKS FED Saccharomyces cerevisiae-TREATED GROUNDNUT HAULM AND DRIED CASSAVA PEEL-BASED DIETS

This study investigated the growth performance, nitrogen balance, and economics of production of Red Sokoto bucks (RSBs) fed Saccharomyces cerevisiae-treated, biodegradable groundnut haulms (SCGH) and dried cassava peels (DCP). Four dietary treatments were formulated including a control diet (T1; 0% SCGH:DCP) and DCP in combination with SCGH at the different proportions of 275:695 (T2), 375:595 (T3), and 475:495 (T4) g/kg of dry matter (DM). A combination of 5 g and 50 g of yeast as a probiotic and molasses, respectively, were added to 1 kg of GH after been dissolved in 1 L of water. Twelve healthy RSBs weighing 9.5 ± 0.40 kg of body weight (BW) and aged 7 to 8 months were exposed to four treatments. This was replicated three times in a completely randomized design (CRD). The experiment lasted for 90 days. The average final weight, average daily weight gain (gram/day), nitrogen intake, and nitrogen balance were significantly influenced by the inclusion of DCP and SCGH in the diets. There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between the ADG of T1 (58.20 g/d) and the T4 (58.89 g/d) groups. Feed conversion ratio and feed-cost saving ($630.80) increased with the inclusion of DCP and SCGH in the goats’ diets. In conclusion, T4 (SCGH: 475g, DCP: 495g) had a better chemical composition, ADG, nitrogen balance, and feed-cost saving; therefore, SCGH are recommended and are readily available agricultural wastes that can be fed to RSBs to improve performance and nitrogen utilization in a cost-effective way, especially during dry season.

Threat of heavy metal pollutants and parasites to freshwater fish with special reference to their risk of cancer to humans in Egypt

Understanding how pollution and parasite infection work together to stress their hosts' health raises the possibility of a danger to aquatic life and humans. This study examined two freshwater fish species, Clarias gariepinus, and Oreochromis niloticus, at El-Abbasa Fish farm in Sharkia Governorate of Egypt. to determine their heavy metal content, parasite frequency, and potential health risks. Parasitological investigations revealed higher parasite prevalence in C. gariepinus, with trematodes being the most prevalent. Histopathological examinations displayed severe alterations in infected fish, including gill necrosis, intestinal damage, liver degeneration, and muscle necrosis. Moreover, heavy metal analysis. Heavy metals levels in water, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, As, and Cd levels were 0.95 ± 0.04, 0.75 ± 0.03, 0.14 ± 0.02, 0.09 ± 0.01, 0.07 ± 0.01, and 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/L, respectively. Sediment samples showed Cd as the lowest (2.38 ± 0.94 μg/g dry wt. basis) and Fe as the highest (241.01 ± 6.39 mg/kg dry wt. basis). The sequence of heavy metal concentrations in both water and sediment was Fe > Zn > Pb > Cu > As > Cd. Significant differences were found among metals in water and sediment (p < 0.05). Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues followed the order liver > muscles > gills > intestine Iron was the most abundant, while cadmium was the lowest is the order in which bio-accumulation factors (BAF) between water and fish tissues followed a descending order: BAF-Liver < BAF-Gills < BAF-Intestine < BAF-Muscles. The sequence of heavy metal accumulation in tissues was BAF-Fe > BAF-Pb > BAF-Cd > BAF-As > BAF-Cu > BAF-Zn, indicating varying degrees of accumulation across different metals and tissues and bio-sedimentation (BSF) of metals in fish tissues are the order of heavy metal concentration within tissues was BSF-Cd > BSF-As > BSF-Fe > BSF-Zn > BSF-Cu > BSF-Pb. Additionally, data were recoded to reflect histological changes in several fish organs. The estimated daily intake of heavy metals (EDI-HMs) was far lower than the permissible tolerated daily intake (PTDI) limits, which were set by international authorities at 70 kg of body weight. As the hazard index value is below 1, the THQ and HI associated with the consumption muscle of fish demonstrate negligible non-carcinogenic harm to residents' health. Contrarily, As, and Cd pose a cancer threat for kids and adults who eat muscular fish, and it needs to be viewed as a warning sign from the perspective of data indices and human health.

Impact of bariatric surgery on ovarian reserve markers and its correlation with nutritional parameters and adipokines.

A reduction in anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) levels at short-term after bariatric surgery (BS) has been previously described. However, an assessment of ovarian reserve at longer-follow up, and a comprehensive evaluation of the potentially implicated factors has not been reported. Prospective cohort study. Twenty women aged 18-40 years with BMI 43.95 kg/m2 undergoing BS were studied at baseline (BS0), and at 1 month (BS1), 4 months (BS2), 12 months (BS3), and 24-36 months (BS4) after the surgery. Anthropometrics, reproductive hormones (AMH, FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, SHBG, androstenedione), metabolic parameters (adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, insulin), and nutritional blood parameters (markers of nutritional status, vitamins, and minerals) were obtained at each study time point. Antral follicular count (AFC) was assessed by ultrasonography at BS0, BS3, and BS4. Mixed models were used for analysis of longitudinal data. The mean AMH level was 3.88 ng/mL at BS0, decreased at BS3 (mean= 2.59 ng/mL; p=0.009), and remained stable between BS3 and BS4 (mean= 2.96 ng/mL; p=0.409). We also observed a non-significant decrease in AFC at BS3 (mean=26.14 at BS0, mean 16.81 at BS3; p=0.088) that remained stable at BS4 (mean= 17.86; p=0.731). Mixed models analysis showed: (a) a decrease in 10kg of body weight was associated with an average decrease of 0.357 ng/mL in AMH (p=0.014); (b) a decrease in 1 BMI point was associated with an average decrease of 0.109 ng/mL in AMH (p=0.005); (c) an increase in 1 µg/mL of adiponectin was associated with an average decrease of 0.091 ng/ml in AMH (p=0.041) Significant positive correlations were found between the AMH levels after BS and plasma concentrations of testosterone, free androgen index, insulin and HOMA index. No significant correlations were detected between AMH levels and nutritional parameters. Our results were in line with previous observations, showing that AMH levels decreased significantly at 12 months after bariatric surgery, in parallel with a non-significant reduction in AFC. Both ovarian reserve markers showed a later stabilization up to the end of the study. Of note, postoperative AMH levels were positively correlated with key androgen and insulin resistance-related parameters.

A single administration of carbetocin before electroejaculation increases the insemination doses produced from each ejaculate in rams

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of carbetocin administration (a long-acting analog of oxytocin) 20 or 10 min before electroejaculation (EE) on the duration of semen collection procedure, quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the ejaculate, and stress biomarkers in rams. Semen was collected from 12 Corriedale rams (age, 2.5–5.5 years old) with EE, in a Latin-square design, administrating carbetocin (0.2 mg/100 kg of body weight i.v.) 20 or 10 min before EE, or without carbetocin administration (CB-20, CB-10, and CON treatments, respectively). Each treatment was applied to different rams every 3–4 days, allowing all the rams to receive all three treatments. Carbetocin administered 20 or 10 min before EE increased the number of sperm ejaculated (P = 0.01), the semen concentration (P = 0.02), the number of insemination doses collected in a single collection (P = 0.01), and the number of insemination doses collected/electrical pulses administered (P = 0.05) compared to control rams. Carbetocin administered 20 or 10 min before semen collection prolonged the time required for EE and the number of pulses administered during EE compared to CON rams (P < 0.03 for both). The CB-10 rams required the administration of more electrical pulses during ejaculation than CON rams (P = 0.001), and CB-20 treatment tended to require more electrical pulses than CON rams (P = 0.06). The volume of the ejaculate was greater in CB-10 than in CON rams (P = 0.01), and that of CB-20 treatment tended to be greater than CON rams (P = 0.08). The percentage of sperm with intact membrane was greater in CB-20 than in CON rams (P = 0.01). Total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations were lower immediately after carbetocin administration 20 or 10 min before EE. The treatments did not affect cortisol concentration, glycemia, rectal and surface temperatures, heart rate, and facial expressions. Carbetocin administration before EE of rams improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the ejaculate, duplicating the number of insemination doses collected. It can be a promising treatment to obtain a greater quantity of doses to inseminate with a lower frequency of semen collections, reducing the negative impacts of EE on animal welfare.

Effect of intradialytic extra virgin olive oil-based lipid emulsion on the inflammatory markers TNF alpha, IL1 and IL6 in patients with chronic kidney disease: A randomized clinical trial

The effects of extra virgin olive oil-based lipid emulsion in hemodialysis patients is unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of an intradialytic extra virgin olive oil-based lipid emulsion administered intravenously on the inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) interleukin I (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing hemodialysis. A randomized clinical trial was conducted using different quantities of the olive oil-based lipid emulsion (0.25 g/kg of body weight, 0.50 g/kg of body weight and control) with a weekly dose for four consecutive weeks. TNF alpha reduced in 51 % of the group that received 0.25 g of the emulsion per kg of body weight and IL1 was reduced in 66 % of the group that received or 0.50 g of the emulsion per kg of body weight. This emulsion is safe, capable of reducing pro-inflammatory markers, thus attenuating the inflammatory response resulting from hemodialysis.

Evaluation of acute intravenous toxicity of HEPES: Is Good's buffer good and safe enough for clinical utilization in nuclear medicine?

ObjectiveGood's buffer or HEPES has advantages over other buffers commonly used in radiopharmaceutical preparation as it exhibits significantly lower complexation tendency with metal ions. However, use of HEPES buffer for radiolabeling reactions, meant for clinical applications, has been underrated due to the non-availability of sufficient toxicity data. The objective of the present study is to find the evidences towards safety of intravenous administration of HEPES through systemic toxicological studies in small animal model to support its safe application for clinical exploitation. ExperimentalA pilot study was performed to investigate the lethal dose of HEPES in female Sprague Dawley rats by administering seven different doses of HEPES solution (150 to 2000 mg/kg), through intravenous pathway. Similarly, for determining maximum tolerated dose (MTD), gradually increasing doses of HEPES (50 to 950 mg/kg) were administered in the same species via similar pathway. Various hematological and clinical pathological investigations were carried out in order to find out the safe administration dose of HEPES in rats. ResultsNo mortality was observed up to 2000 mg/kg doses of HEPES. The doses beyond 300 mg/kg resulted few temporary adverse effects, though these were found to disappear within 4–5 days of dosing. ConclusionThe amount of HEPES to be administered during clinical intervention is usually much lower (typically 1–2.5 mg per kg of body weight of healthy adult) than the MTD determined in rat model during present report. Hence, the utilization of this buffer for preparation of radiolabeled drugs for human investigation may be safe. However, further detailed investigations may be warranted for supporting the candidature of Good's buffer for regular clinical exploitation.

Implant Choice May Reduce the Risk of Early Mechanical Failure in Total Ankle Replacement.

Total ankle replacements (TARs) have rapidly advanced in terms of volume, technique, design, and indications. However, TARs are still at risk for early mechanical failure and revision. Prior studies have investigated potential risk factors for failure, but have been limited to smaller series or older implants. This study sought to identify risk factors for early mechanical failure in modern TAR. This is a retrospective study of a single-institution registry. Five surgeons contributed cases involving patients who underwent a primary TAR with any implant. Implants were grouped on the basis of the type of fixation. The primary outcome was early mechanical failure (revision with component removal for a non-infectious etiology, that is, subsidence, aseptic loosening, and/or malalignment). Logistic regression determined the effects of age, weight, hindfoot arthrodesis, implant type, and radiographic deformity on failure. The 731 included patients had a mean follow-up of 2.7 years. Ten percent (71 patients) had hindfoot arthrodesis. There were 33 mechanical failures (4.5%) at a mean of 1.7 years after the index surgical procedure. Our model demonstrated that hindfoot arthrodesis was associated with 2.7 times greater odds of failure (p = 0.045), every 10 kg of body weight increased the odds of tibial-sided failure by 1.29 times (p = 0.039), and implants with more extensive tibial fixation (stems or keels) lowered the odds of tibial failure by 95% (p = 0.031). In patients with uncontrollable risk factors (hindfoot arthrodesis) or risk factors that may or may not be modifiable by the patient (weight), implants with more robust tibial fixation may be able to reduce the risk of early mechanical failure. Further research is warranted to support efforts to decrease early failure in TAR. Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Nutritional therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Dietary-Nutritional Therapy (DNT) is an essential component of the conservative management of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as it helps maintain optimal nutritional status, prevent and/or correct symptoms and complications of CKD. Moreover, it allows adherent patients to delay the onset of dialysis, leading to improved quality of life and cost savings for both patients and the community. Through a survey, we aimed to evaluate how personalized diets were assessed, administered, and experienced by CKD patients. A questionnaire was administered to 180 patients from 4 nephrology Centers in Lombardy, (Italy,) regarding their CKD and nutritional therapy. 73% of patients received dietary prescriptions. In 40% of cases, dietary prescriptions were administered in dedicated clinics and were valued as much as pharmacological ones. Most diets prescribed were low-protein (0.8g protein per kg of body weight), although some included very low protein diets supplemented with keto analogs. Unfortunately, post-initial prescription, monitoring adherence to nutritional therapy is not particularly frequent. In conclusion, our survey suggests that while patients in different Nephrology Centers receive proper dietary prescriptions and follow-ups, there are areas for improvement with positive implications for CKD progression and delaying dialysis therapy.

Effects of Early Weaning on Performance and Carcass Quality of Nellore Young Bulls.

This study compared early weaning (EW; 150 days) with conventional weaning (CW; 240 days) in Nellore young bulls, evaluating performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality. A total of 74 non-castrated male calves were divided into two weaning strategies: EW (n = 37) and CW (n = 37). During the growth phase, which lasted 454 ± 14 d for EW calves and 359 ± 16 d for CW calves, animals received a protein-energy supplement at a ratio of 5 g per kg of body weight while grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. The animals were managed for an 87d finishing phase in three collective feedlot pens, with a 3-week adaptation protocol, starting with corn silage to a concentrate ratio of 55:45 and reaching a ratio of 30:70 in the final diet. Body weight, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency (FE), carcass characteristics, and meat quality were evaluated. The EW group was approximately 44 kg lighter than the CW at the time of conventional weaning (p < 0.001). However, this weight difference did not influence ADG, DMI, and FE in the finishing phase. No significant differences were observed in carcass characteristics such as yield percentage, loin area, subcutaneous fat thickness, and meat quality, except for the weight of primal cuts, which was greater in the CW group (p < 0.001). Thus, although calves weaned early are lighter throughout subsequent production phases than those weaned conventionally, performance, efficiency, carcass yield, and meat quality are not affected.

The study of hemoglobin forms under the conditions of energy drink consumption

In today’s world, where stress and busyness are an integral part of everyday life, energy drinks have become not only a means of satisfying the need for energy and maintenance of vitality, but also a symbol of lifestyle, an important element of the modern culture of consumption. The speed and efficiency they promise attract the attention of consumers, especially those who are constantly on the move. Such drinks have become popular not only among young people, but also among everyone who seek to maintain their activity and efficiency during the day. The purpose of the work was to investigate the dynamics of changes in the level of total hemoglobin and its forms, in particular oxy-, carboxy-, sulf-, met-, and dyshemoglobin under the conditions of energy drink consumption. The study was conducted using male Wistar rats weighing 150–220 g kept in the vivarium under appropriate lighting conditions, temperature, humidity and standard diet. All the animals had free access to feed (based on daily requirements) and water (based on 20 ml of water per rat per day). The experiment was carried out in compliance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Scientific Purposes (Strasbourg, 1986). The animals were divided into five groups: the 1st group received drinking water (intact control); the 2nd–5th groups received daily the non-alcoholic energy drink “Burn” per os for a month. The calculation of the required amount of drink for administration per one rat was based per 1 kg of body weight. To monitor the growth and development, we weighted the rats at the beginning and at each stage of the experiment. The material (blood) was taken on the 1st (2nd group), 10th (3rd group), 20th (4th group) and 30th day (5th group) after the completion of the experiment under anesthesia (intramuscularly sodium thiopental, 60 mg/kg). The total hemoglobin level was determined with the Mythic 18 hematological analyzer. Determination of the content of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin was performed spectrophotometrically. The obtained data indicate significant changes in both the total level of hemoglobin and its ligand forms, in particular, a decrease in the level of oxyhemoglobin and the accumulation of dyshemoglobins, such as methemoglobin, sulfhemoglobin, and carboxyhemoglobin. As evidenced by the obtained results, the consumption of energy drinks leads to the oxygen homeostasis violation, the development of tissue hypoxia and can cause structural and functional disorders in the body under such conditions.

Effect of end-inspiratory pause duration on respiratory system compliance calculation in mechanically ventilated dogs with healthy lungs

ObjectiveTo compare respiratory system compliance (CRS), expressed per kilogram of bodyweight (CRSBW), calculated without end-inspiratory pause (EIP) and after three EIP times (0.2, 0.5 and 1 seconds) with that after 3 second EIP (considered the reference EIP for static CRS) and to determine the EIP times that provided CRSBW values in acceptable agreement with static CRSBW during controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) in anaesthetized dogs. Study designProspective, randomized, nonblinded, crossover clinical study. AnimalsA group of 24 client-owned dogs with healthy lungs undergoing surgery in lateral recumbency. MethodsDuring CMV in dogs undergoing general anaesthesia, five EIPs [0 (no EIP), 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 3 seconds] were consecutively applied in random order. Tidal volume (Vt) was set at 10 mL kg–1 and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was not applied. Respiratory rate and inspiratory time were established according to each EIP time, setting EIP between 0 and 50% of the inspiratory time. The CRSBW was calculated as [expired Vt/(plateau pressure – PEEP)]/bodyweight and recorded every 15 seconds for 2 minutes after a 5 minute equilibration period with each EIP. One-way anova for repeated measures and the Bland–Altman analysis were used to compare CRSBW and evaluate agreement between EIP times, respectively. ResultsThe CRSBW was significantly greater as the EIP time increased up to 1 second (p < 0.05). In the Bland–Altman analysis, none of the tested EIPs (0, 0.2, 0.5 and 1 seconds) provided 95% confidence intervals for limits of agreement within the maximum allowed difference considered for acceptable agreement with 3 second EIP. Conclusionsand clinical relevance An EIP ≤ to 1 second does not provide a CRSBW value in acceptable agreement with static CRSBW in healthy dogs. Besides, the application of an EIP ≤ to 0.5 seconds underestimates the static CRSBW to an increasing extent as the EIP time decreases.

Etranacogene dezaparvovec gene therapy for haemophilia B (HOPE-B): 24-month post-hoc efficacy and safety data from a single-arm, multicentre, phase 3 trial

Etranacogene dezaparvovec, the first gene therapy approved for haemophilia B treatment, was shown to be superior to treatment with continuous prophylactic factor IX in terms of bleeding protection 18 months after gene therapy in a phase 3 trial. We report post-hoc 24-month efficacy and safety data from this trial to evaluate the longer-term effects of etranacogene dezaparvovec in individuals with haemophilia B. The phase 3 HOPE-B trial enrolled males aged 18 years or older with inherited haemophilia B, classified as severe (plasma factor IX activity level <1%) or moderately severe (plasma factor IX activity level ≥1% and ≤2%), with a severe bleeding phenotype and who were on stable continuous factor IX prophylaxis. Participants were treated with a single infusion of etranacogene dezaparvovec (2 × 1013 genome copies per kg of bodyweight). The primary endpoint, reported previously, was non-inferiority of the annualised bleeding rate (ABR) during the 52 weeks following stable factor IX expression (defined as months 7-18 after treatment) versus an at least 6-month lead-in period in which participants received their usual continuous factor IX prophylaxis, and is updated here up to month 24. Additional, post-hoc efficacy analyses, including adjusted ABR, factor IX activity, participants within factor IX ranges, and factor IX use, and safety analyses were performed at 24 months after gene therapy. Data were analysed in the full analysis set, which comprised the 54 patients who received at least a partial dose of gene therapy. The trial is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT03569891. The study began on June 27, 2018, and participants were treated between January, 2019, and March, 2020; the date of data cutoff was April 21, 2022. 54 adult males (40 White, two Asian, one Black or African American, 11 other or missing) received a single intravenous infusion of etranacogene dezaparvovec and were followed for a median of 26·51 months (IQR 24·54-27·99), after a lead-in period of 7·13 months (6·51-7·82). In the updated analysis comparing months 7-24 after gene therapy to the lead-in period, mean adjusted ABR significantly reduced from 4·18 to 1·51 (p=0·0002) for all bleeds and from 3·65 to 0·99 (p=0·0001) for factor IX-treated bleeds. During each 6-month period after gene therapy, at least 67% of participants experienced no bleeding (36 of 54 during months 0-6 and stable thereafter), compared with 14 (26%) of 54 during the lead-in period. 24 months after gene therapy, 1 (2%) participant had one-stage factor IX activity less than 5%, whereas 18 (33%) had factor IX activity more than 40% (non-haemophilia range), with mean factor IX activity stable and sustained at 36·7% (SD 19·0%). 52 (96%) of 54 participants expressed endogenous factor IX, remaining free of factor IX prophylaxis at month 24. No new safety concerns were identified and no treatment-related serious adverse events or treatment-related deaths occurred. The most common treatment-related adverse events were an increase in alanine aminotransferase (nine [17%] of 54 patients), headache (eight [15%]), influenza-like illness (seven [13%]), and an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (five [9%]). By providing durable disease correction throughout the 24 months after gene therapy, etranacogene dezaparvovec provides a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B. uniQure and CSL Behring.