Key Socio-economic Indicators Research Articles

Management of sustainable territorial development applying regional clusters model of M. Enright

The purpose of the article is socio-geographical and economic justification of trends, models, mechanisms and priorities for improving managerial system of natural economic systems and territorial economic complexes in the context of decentralization based on adaptation of the clusters model of M. Enright. Main material. Mechanism for managing united territorial communities` natural and economic systems development to ensure sustainable geospatial development of territories based on the example of Kherson region has been applied in the article. It has been proven that the effectiveness of reforms’ progress can be ensured by further consolidation of united territorial communities (UTC) and their clustering. Moreover, the clusters can go outside current administrative districts` boundary, which since 2017 has been fully regulated by the law. To prove the mechanism of UTCs consolidation, it has been proposed to use the model of regional clusters of M. Enright, which was adapted for united territorial communities. To determine the prospects for further UTCs consolidation in Kherson region, followed by the definition of economically proved new zoning, the cluster analysis has been applied. The following criteria for clustering have been chosen: income per capita; own income per capita; infrastructure subsidy per capita. Conclusions. Socio-geographical and economic reasons for the reforming tools of the administrative-territorial system based on the example of Kherson region have revealed and substantiated the relevance of cluster approach in the process of UTCs and their associations` formation. UTCs associations aim to stimulate their development, rationally use available and potential resources, to ensure joint investment activities and project-management. It has been proposed to implement UTCs consolidation on the basis of cluster approach. Clustering, as the example of Kherson region, has been carried out based on the key socio-economic indicators per capita, namely: own incomes, infrastructure subsidy and basic / reverse subsidy. This allowed us to identify and map clusters of the formed UTCs and identify prospects for area without UTCs incorporation (within relevant village councils). UTCs consolidation was based on the characteristics of capacity, self-sufficiency, sustainable development, territorial and functional balance of community interests. This will allow to develop methodological and procedural recommendations for strategic documents at UTC level. Their relevance will be increased in the context of climate change and tackling national economic crisis.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ МОДЕЛИ С ТРЕХФАКТОРНОЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОЙ ФУНКЦИЕЙ КОББА-ДУГЛАСА ДЛЯ АНАЛИЗА РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ ПФО

The paper considers the role of the mining industry in the development of the regions of the Volga Federal District. The methodological tools involve the inclusion of key socio-economic indicators of regional development for the construction of a three – factor Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of calculations showed that the regions of the district are characterized by resource dependence, which requires a diversified economic policy.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of chronic diseases and preventive care among adults aged 45 and older in Shaanxi Province, China

BackgroundMonitoring inequalities in chronic disease prevalence and their preventive care can help build effective strategies to improve health equality. Using hypertension and diabetes as a model, this study measures and decomposes socioeconomic inequalities in their prevalence and preventive care among Chinese adults aged 45 years and older in Shaanxi Province, an underdeveloped western region of China.MethodsData of 27,728 respondents aged 45 years and older who participated in the fifth National Health Services Survey conducted in 2013 in Shaanxi Province were analyzed. The relative indexes of inequalities based on Poisson regressions were used to assess disparities in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and their preventive care between those with the lowest and the highest socioeconomic status, and the concentration index was used to measure the magnitude of the socioeconomic-related inequality across the entire socioeconomic spectrum. The contribution of each factor to the inequality was further estimated via the concentration index decomposition.ResultsOur results indicate a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes among the rich than the poor individuals aged 45 years and older in Shaanxi Province, China. Among individuals with hypertension or diabetes, significant inequalities favoring the rich were observed in the use of preventive care, i.e. in adequate use of medication and of blood pressure/blood glucose monitoring. Furthermore, economic status, educational level, employment status, and urban-rural areas were identified as the key socioeconomic indicators for monitoring the inequalities in the patient preventive care.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the existence of clear inequities in the prevalence of chronic diseases and preventive care among adults aged 45 and older in Shaanxi Province, China. These inequalities in chronic diseases could be as much a cause as a consequence of socioeconomic inequalities.

The bridging and bonding structures of place-centric networks: Evidence from a developing country.

Social capital has long been associated with opportunities of access to valuable resources that individuals, groups, communities, and places can extract from the social structure emerging from their interactions. Despite the overall consensus on the structural signature of social capital, there is still controversy over the relative benefits associated with different types of social structure. In this article, we advocate a two-faceted perspective on social capital, regarded as value originating from both closed (rich in third-party relationships) and open (rich in brokerage opportunities) bridging structures. We uncover these structures from place-centric networks and investigate their association with key socio-economic indicators. To this end, we draw on aggregated mobile phone usage data, and construct the place-centric communication and mobility networks in the city of Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire. We begin by defining appropriate network metrics to capture the interplay between bonding and bridging social structures in each of the 10 districts (communes) in Abidjan. We then examine the correlation between these metrics and a number of district-level socio-economic indicators related to economic prosperity, wealth, security and democratic participation. Our findings suggest that both closed and open structures can serve as wellsprings of social capital: while closed bonding structures are associated with higher economic prosperity, open bridging structures are associated with increased democratic participation and security. By uncovering sources of social capital from communication and mobility place-centric networks in a developing country, our work contributes to a better understanding of how these networks could be used to enhance and sustain socio-economic growth and prosperity, and ultimately paves the way towards a broader comparative study of social capital in developed and developing countries.

Knowledge-based agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries' bioeconomy

The European Union’s agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry sees significant internal disparities in terms of research and innovation performance to the disadvantage of the CEE countries. This divide hinders the unlocking of excellence in low-performing research, development and innovation regions and the establishment of transnational cooperation for knowledge-based development, thus the appearance of specific research topics relevant to the CEE macro-region among others in Horizon 2020 work programmes. To bridge the gap the specific challenges in the sector should be faced through the lens of bioeconomy. At the same time there is no doubt that bioeconomy requires accompanying strategies and shared strategic research and innovation framework. As this framework has already been offered by the Central-Eastern European Initiative for Knowledge-based Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry in the Bioeconomy, i.e. by the BIOEAST Initiative the CEE countries are provided with an opportunity to achieve further progress in sustainable growth of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry. The paper is aimed at providing a brief theoretical background on bioeconomy and related bioeconomy strategies and policies and analysing key socio-economic indicators of the ‘BIOEAST countries’ bioeconomy (Visegrad Countries, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia and Croatia). Furthermore, it interprets the results of the ‘BIOEAST Bioeconomy Capacity Building Survey’, the respondents of which were chosen randomly through personal contacts of experts (who created a judgement sample) and by snowball sampling to get further contacts. The questionnaire was sent to a small subset of the target groups – business, academic, public sector stakeholders - and the answers were examined through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The focus was set on what stakeholders think the most beneficial for the CEE macro region in developing the bioeconomy and what type of intervention they identify as necessary to overcome barriers, to manage bottlenecks. The results highlight some implications for policymakers and point out that the creation of sustainable bioeconomy requires triple-helix stakeholders to find efficient collaboration mechanisms and build synergies.

Association of adverse childhood experiences with educational attainment and adolescent health, and the role of socioeconomic factors: analysis of a prospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is increasing policy emphasis on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). We aimed to assess the relative contributions of these experiences and socioeconomic factors to educational attainment and health. MethodsUsing data collected between 1991 and 2014, from a UK cohort (ALSPAC), we assessed associations of having had ACEs between birth and 16 years of age (sexual, physical, emotional abuse; emotional neglect; parental substance abuse, mental illness, criminal conviction, or separation; violence between parents; and bullying) with obtaining five or more good GCSEs (grades A* to C, n=9959, assessed through linkage to the National Pupil Database) and health at age 17 (depression, obesity, harmful alcohol use, smoking, and illicit drug use, n=4917, assessed through research clinic measurements and self-completed computer questionnaires). ACEs were assessed using both prospective (reports by main caregiver at time of ACE occurrence or very soon afterwards) and retrospective (reports by 23 year old adults looking back at their childhood) questionnaires and an ACE score was calculated by summing the number of ACE an individual experienced. We adjusted for a wide range of socioeconomic and family factors. We calculated population attributable fractions (PAF) for each outcome for four or more ACEs and key socioeconomic and demographic indicators. FindingsMost participants (84%) experienced at least one adverse experience (24% ≥4). ACE score was associated with lower educational attainment and worse adolescent health. The association with educational attainment reduced by about half after adjustment for socioeconomic and family factors; associations with adolescent health also attenuated, but to a lesser degree. We assessed PAF for each outcome according to experiencing four or more ACEs (24%), low maternal education (30%), manual social class (24%), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (27%). For depression and illicit drug use, PAFs were highest for four or more ACEs (14% and 15%, respectively). For these outcomes, the PAF for maternal smoking during pregnancy was also high (both 10%). For all other outcomes, PAFs were higher for socioeconomic factors or maternal smoking than for ACEs. InterpretationA key limitation of our study is that it is restricted to families in a population-based cohort; vulnerable groups are under-represented. Nevertheless, our analysis suggests that interventions targeted at children experiencing four or more ACEs will not necessarily focus on the groups at highest risk of adverse outcomes. Our results underline the importance of the broader socioeconomic context for policies focused on ACEs. FundingSupported by a grant from the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ES/N000382/1).

Characteristics of Sustainable Bioeconomy in the CEE Macro-region

In the coming decades to achieve further progress in sustainable growth of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry in the CEE countries there is a need to face specific challenges through the lens of bioeconomy, thus by shifting the emphasis to research, innovation and transnational cooperation for knowledge-based development. A shared strategic research and innovation framework that has already been offered by the Central-Eastern European Initiative for Knowledge-based Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry in the Bioeconomy, i.e. by the BIOEAST Initiative might enable these countries to work towards the development of a sustainable bioeconomy while effectively joining the European Research Area. The study is aimed at conceptualizing bioeconomy, analysing key socio-economic indicators of the ‘BIOEAST countries’ bioeconomy and describing the implications for policymakers based on the results of the ‘BIOEAST Bioeconomy Capacity Building Survey’. Based on the results of the survey the major findings of the research verify and strengthen the objectives of the BIOEAST Initiative. The individual results of the survey in terms of major bottlenecks in the supply chain, missing elements hindering competitiveness, the opportunities to raise competitiveness and functions of the intervention system led to the conclusion that the creation of sustainable bioeconomy explicitly requires triple-helix stakeholders to find efficient collaboration mechanisms and build synergies.

Кемеровская область: старые проблемы и новое будущее

<span>В статье характеризуются стратегические позиции Кемеровской области в национальном экономическом пространстве на момент нового цикла стратегического планирования, оцениваются результаты реализации предыдущей стратегии региона, рассчитанной до 2025 г. Формулируются выводы об утрате регионом лидерских позиций, стратегических рисках реверсификации экономики и сокращения человеческого капитала. Аргументируется объективная необходимость принципиальных стратегических решений для выхода на траекторию устойчивого развития. Раскрываются процесс и особенности разработки Стратегии социально-экономического развития Кемеровской области до 2035 г. Представлены основные направления и цели развития региона, нашедшие отражение в проекте Стратегии, раскрыта методика прогнозирования ключевых социально-экономических показателей, выделены варианты развития. Охарактеризованы механизмы реализации Стратегии, открывающиеся возможности и риски. Определены ключевые инновационные драйверы ускорения экономического и социального развития (новая индустриализация, внедрение цифровых технологий в агропромышленном комплексе, зарубежный туризм, экспорт медицинских услуг и др.).</span>

Evaluation of Motor Transport Infrastructure Influence on Socio-Economic Indicators of Minsk Region

The paper substantiates the necessity to study a transport infrastructure in the context of its impact on socioeconomic indicators pertaining to the development of a certain region. The importance of this study is confirmed by the goals and objectives of the transport system development of the Republic of Belarus, which are outlined in the National Strategy of the Republic of Belarus for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development for the period until 2030, and they are considered as well as priority areas for the development of Minsk region, presented in the Sustainable Development Strategy of Minsk Region for 2016–2025. The influence of eight indicators for transport infrastructure development of Minsk region on four key socio-economic indicators of the region development such as gross regional product, investment in fixed assets, revenues of consolidated budgets, average wage level has been investigated in the paper. A multiple regression analysis has been applied for assessing a relationship between dependent and independent variables. A step selection method has been used as a method of multiple regression analysis. All calculations have been carried out in the IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program. As a result of the study correlation indicators have been established between dependent and independent variables, relationships between variables and dependencies have been determined in the paper. The reliability of the obtained results have been verified with the help of the Fisher and Student's criteria. The obtained results have made it possible to identify key indicators for a transport infrastructure of Minsk region which have the greatest impact on socio-economic development of this region and can be used to analyze an investment attractiveness of Minsk region.

Socioeconomic disparities in abdominal obesity over the life course in China

BackgroundAbdominal obesity has become an important public health issue in China. Socioeconomic disparities are thought to be closely related to the prevalence of abdominal obesity. Exploring socioeconomic disparities in abdominal obesity over the life course in China could inform the design of new interventions to prevent and control abdominal obesity.MethodsThe China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was a prospective household-based study involving seven rounds of surveys between 1993 and 2011. Twenty three thousand, two hundred and forty-three individuals were followed up over an 18-year period. The mixed effects models with random intercepts were used to assess the effects on abdominal obesity. Six key socioeconomic indicators, with age and age-squared added to the models, were used to identify socioeconomic disparities in abdominal obesity over the adult life course.ResultsPrevalence of abdominal obesity increased non-linearly with age over the adult life course. Abdominal obesity was more prevalent in younger than older birth cohorts. Positive period effects on the prevalence of abdominal obesity were substantial from 1993 to 2011, and were stronger among males than females. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher among ethnic Han Chinese and among the married [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): 0.03(0.003, 0.057) and 0.035(0.022, 0.047), respectively], and was lower among males [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): − 0.065(− 0.075,-0.055)]. A higher-level of urbanization and higher household income increased the probability of abdominal obesity [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): 0.160(0.130, 0.191), 3.47E− 4 (2.23E− 4, 4.70E− 4), respectively], while individuals with more education were less likely to experience abdominal obesity [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): − 0.222 (− 0.289, − 0.155)] across adulthood.ConclusionsIn China, abdominal obesity increased substantially in more recent cohorts. And people with lower educational attainment, with higher household income, or living in more urbanized communities may be the disadvantaged population of abdominal obesity over the adult life course. Effective interventions targeting the vulnerable population need to be developed.

АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

АНАЛИЗ ДИНАМИКИ КЛЮЧЕВЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ

Socioeconomic disparities in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension over the life course in China

BackgroundThe socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are more likely to suffer from hypertension, and few have effectively treated and controlled their hypertension. Research on socioeconomic disparities in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension is warranted to inform the development of new strategies for reducing such health inequities.MethodsThe China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) followed up 20,174 individuals over a 20-year period. We added seven key socioeconomic indicators with age and age-squared into the mixed-effects models to explicitly assess the effect of socioeconomic determinants on hypertension throughout the adult life course.ResultsPrevalence of hypertension was at a higher level in the younger birth cohorts than that in the older generations. Age-related increases in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were observed over the adult life course. Males, insured and ethnic Han were more likely to suffer from hypertension than their counterparts [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): 0.07(0.04, 0.09), 0.02(0.01, 0.03) and 0.05(0.03, 0.07), respectively]. Hypertension was more prevalent among individuals with higher income who lived in urbanized communities, and less among those with higher education attainment [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): −0.07(−0.12, −0.016)] across adulthood. High-level urbanization and education increased the probabilities of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, while household income decreased them [coefficient (95% confidence intervals): 0.28(0.17, 0.39), 0.27(0.17, 0.37) and 0.14(0.08, 0.21), respectively] over the adult life course.ConclusionsCommunity urbanicity brought the raise in awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, but also led to an increase in prevalence of hypertension. People with fewer educational years or higher income may be the disadvantaged population of hypertension over the adult life course in China.

The Socio-Economic plight of Artisans in the Bangle Industry – A Comparative Study of North India Firozabad (Glass Bangle) and South India Hyderabad (Lac Bangle)

Indian bangle, a hand ornament, has been part of its cultural practices from the ancient period to contemporary times. Already known as a country of vibrant colors, bangles add a different dimension to it with their varied sizes and shapes. Bangle Industry in India comes under Microenterprises and plays an important role in our Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In spite of its immense contribution and unique identity, this industry is suffering from many problems and through this paper, we are going to discover those problems and the consequences. The objective of the study is to examine the socio-economic existence of the artisans in both the Glass Industry Firozabad (Uttar Pradesh) and Lac Industry Hyderabad (erst. Andhra Pradesh). This study will also assess key socio-economic indicators like literacy, gender parity, distribution of wealth, social stratification, casteism, social security etc. The research will aim to take a close and balanced holistic approach to the role of family, traditions, and inheritance in their choice of livelihood and skill sets. This research will be conducted by using questionnaire, participant observation, case study to explore the cause and consequences of social issues of artisans in bangle industry.

Factors Affecting Public Expenditure Efficiency in Developed Countries

Measuring public efficiency can help governments to benchmark progress, identify gaps, and learn from best practices around the world. Our study designs Public Expenditure Efficiency Indexes, both for general government and for its functions, by using single synthetic indicators, as well as a Free Disposal Hull and a Data Envelopment Analysis model. The study also tests the association between public sector performance and public expenditure efficiency and other key socioeconomic indicators. Empirical analysis was applied in 2012 for a single cross‐section of 35 economies. Results show significant evidence of an association between public efficiency and state of development, democracy, and corruption, as well as with population density, especially in Environmental Protection. The direction of the association between public sector size and public performance differs per function. It is positive for Health and Social Protection.Related Articles Gatchair, Sonia D. 2015. “.” Politics & Policy 43 (): 887‐913. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12139/abstract Ariely, Gal. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 997‐1019. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00329.x/abstract Givel, Michael, and Andrew L. Spivak. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 420‐447. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00115.x/abstract Related Media 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XXTVjXmcxqo 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L22-2gdXDg4 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q4mkHu72w1k

Waqf-Based Social Micro Venture Fund: A Proposal for the Malay-Muslim Community in Singapore

The institution of waqf in Singapore is limited from playing a broader developmental role in society, especially with respect to the ethnic Malay community who consistently underperformed when measured against key socio-economic indicators. It maintains a largely religious orientation, as evidenced by the launch of Wakaf Ilmu for Islamic education in 2012. As a way of reinvigorating its developmental role to be in sync with the current needs of the Malay community in Singapore, this paper proposed the establishment of a waqf-based social micro venture fund (WSMVF) that promotes inclusive financial development for microentrepreneurs. This would help strengthen the community’s economic status, amidst existing efforts on education, social and religious fronts. It reduces vulnerabilities of low-income families, strengthens their earning capability and promotes upward social mobility. This paper looked at charitable institutions which practice innovative and progressive forms of giving that the WSMVF could adopt. Resultantly, WSMVF is conceptualized based on the content analysis of cash waqf operations, profit and loss sharing modes and venture capital strategies. The organizational structure and operations of WSMVF bring new features into the present institution of waqf in Singapore, effectively expanding its role in the community

Trends of centre-periphery polarization in Sverdlovsk region between 2008 and 2015

The significant imbalances in the economic space of a region, particularly between the centre and the periphery, present a serious challenge for economists, politicians and policy makers. Which measures are to be taken to remedy this situation? What should they be aimed at? These are the main questions to be addressed by the researchers and the government. To develop a competent policy it is essential to understand the dynamics of intra-regional variations in a long-time period. This article seeks to describe the trends in the centre-periphery polarization dynamics of a Russian region by analyzing the indicators of socio-economic development of its constituent municipalities. In their calculations the authors used the coefficient of centre-periphery variation and the methods of statistical analysis. The comparative analysis of the contribution made by peripheral and central municipalities to the key socio-economic indicators of the region in the period of 2008-2015 has shown that there is a growing centre-periphery polarization within Sverdlovsk region. The authors calculated the coefficient of centre-periphery variation for specific municipalities and the periphery in general by using the average volume indices of the retail turnover, investments in the main capital, new housing supply, the turnover of organizations and average monthly salary. The dynamics of this coefficient and that of the GRP in the given period demonstrates that while the centre-periphery gap is narrowed during the recession, it widens when the economic situation stabilizes. The scientific novelty of this research is achieved through identifying the main trends in the centre-periphery polarization within Sverdlovsk region at various stages of its socio-economic development. These research results can be applied to develop a regional policy aimed at reducing the centre-periphery differences and polarization of the regional economic space.

Introduction of an Area Deprivation Index Measuring Patient Socio-economic Status in an Integrated Health System: Implications for Population Health

Introduction:Intermountain Healthcare is a fully integrated delivery system based in Salt Lake City, Utah. As a learning healthcare system with a mission of performance excellence, it became apparent that population health management and our efforts to move towards shared accountability would require additional patient-centric metrics in order to provide the right care to the right patients at the right time. Several European countries have adopted social deprivation indices in measuring the impact that social determinants can have on health. Such indices provide a geographic, area-based measure of how socioeconomically deprived residents of that area are on average. Intermountain’s approach was to identify a proxy measure that did not require front-line data collection and could be standardized for our patient population, leading us to the area deprivation index or ADI. This paper describes the specifications and calculation of an ADI for the state of Utah. Results are presented along with introduction of three use cases demonstrating the potential for application of an ADI in quality improvement in a learning healthcare system.Case Description:The Utah ADI shows promise in providing a proxy for patient-reported measures reflecting key socio-economic indicators useful for tailoring patient interventions to improve health care delivery and patient outcomes. Strengths of this approach include a consistent standardized measurement of social determinants, use of more granular block group level measures and a limited data capture burden for front-line teams. While the methodology is generalizable to other communities, results of this index are limited to block groups within the state of Utah and will differ from national calculations or calculations for other states. The use of composite measures to evaluate individual characteristics must also be approached with care. Other limitations with the use of U.S. Census data include use of estimates and missing data.Conclusion:Initial applications in three meaningfully different areas of an integrated health system provide initial evidence of its broad applicability in addressing the impact of social determinants on health. The variation in socio-economic status by quintile also has potential for clinical significance, though more research is needed to link variation in ADI with variation in health outcomes overall and by disease type.

Ethnic Minorities in Northern Mountains of Vietnam: Employment, Poverty and Income

This study provides estimates of key socio-economic indicators reflecting employment, poverty, and welfare of ethnic minorities in Northern Mountains of Vietnam. The ethnic minorities in Northern Mountains have much lower assets and income than ethnic minorities in other regions. Their income is mainly from crops and livestock. Compared with Kinh/Hoa (ethnic majorities) and ethnic minorities in other regions, ethnic minorities in the study area have substantially lower income from wage and non-farm employment. By decomposing the income gap between the ethnic minorities in Northern Mountains and those in other region, this study provides the first evidence that the income gap between the two groups is mainly explained by the gap in wage and nonfarm incomes. Northern Mountain ethnic minorities spend less time on wage and nonfarm employment. Their non-farm income per working hours and farm income per working hours are substantially lower than those of other households.

Civic engagement and political participation among American Indians and Alaska natives in the US

ABSTRACTWithin the growing literature seeking to understand civic and political engagement among racial and ethnic minorities, our understanding of political behavior among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) remains limited. We use the Current Population Survey Civic Engagement and Voting and Registration supplements (2006–2012) to compare AI/AN voter registration, voting, and overall civic engagement to other racial and ethnic groups and to assess whether factors that predict higher levels of civic engagement vary across these populations. We find a few key socioeconomic status indicators that predict civic and political engagement uniquely for AI/ANs, but they are not consistently significant across all years or all types of political participation. We find marital status, age, household size, education, and veteran status to be important in predicting civic engagement for AI/ANs. However, for voting and registration, we find that family income, age, marital status, household size, and residential stability to be important contributors. Although we find AI/ANs are less likely to register and vote compared to non-Hispanic whites, we find that the difference is not statistically significant in congressional years, which may suggest that AI/ANs are engaged in local politics and vote for representatives who will represent their tribal interests in national politics.

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF HUNGARY'S INDUSTRIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

This article describes the main historical trends, formed the preconditions for the transformation of the industry of Hungary, and studied the features of the development of the industrial sector in terms of European integration. Within the article highlighted the positive and negative aspects of the transformation of Hungarian industry in the context of European integration and, in addition, formulated the basic directions of the further economic and industrial development of the country. Methodology. In this article, based on the methods of historical and retrospective economic and statistical analysis outlines the main trends that determine the development of Hungarian industry in the context of European integration. With the use of the comparative analytical method, developed in the works of MV Panova [3] ranging of regions of the country on the level of economic development activity. The basis of the analytical method laid the ratio of the economically and industrially active regions on areas of the country to the total population of these regions based on key socio-economic indicators: population, economic indicators, the number of industrial enterprises, agriculture and service sectors, the investment attractiveness of regions. On the basis of previously made predictions (see. Works VL Martynov [4] and R. Brunet [5]) formed the main points that determine the further industrial and economic development of Hungary in the framework of European integration.