Drilling data communication mainly includes mud pulse telemetry and electromagnetic wave telemetry. These methods have the advantages of economy and convenience, but they also have the disadvantages of low data transmission rate and large signal attenuation. A data transmission system while drilling was designed based on the key technologies and basic principles of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM). The hardware of the system includes the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) motherboard and daughter board, power amplifier circuit and piezoelectric transducer. The software used in the system is C and Python. Compared with traditional methods, new methods using acoustic signals have many advantages. This new wireless transmission system was designed by combining down-hole data transmission with wireless communication. This method has advantages in oil exploration and development.