Key Index Research Articles

Holistic quality assessment and monitoring of YiXinShu capsule based on three-dimensional fingerprints combined with quantitative analysis, antioxidant activity and chemometrics

Ethnopharmacological relevanceYiXinShu capsule (YXSC), originally from the classical TCM formula named “Sheng-Mai-San”, has been extensively utilized in clinic for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, there were few reports about the quality assessment of YXSCs both internationally and domestically. Aim of the studyThe objective was to develop a multi-strategy platform incorporating systematic quantitative fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity determination, with chemometric analysis and bivariate correlation analysis as the auxiliary approaches, to assess and monitor the quality of YXSCs. Materials and methodsFirstly, according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), 12 key indicator components from seven herb medicines were quantified by HPLC method. Then, three-dimensional fingerprints comprising five-wavelength fusion fingerprint (FWF-FP), electrochemical fingerprint (EC-FP) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry fingerprint (DSC-FP) were established to assess and monitor YXSCs using systematically quantified fingerprint method (SQFM) and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover, by integrating the analysis of the three-dimensional fingerprints, the quality of YXSCs from different batches was effectively screened. Finally, the antioxidant activity of this TCM was assessed through DPPH and ABTS methods, and the L-ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) values were compared to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the two methods. A Partial Least Squares (PLS) model was used to develop the spectrum-activity relationship between FWF-FP and AEAC, and a bivariate correlation analysis (BCA) was used to assess the correlation between FWF-FP and EC-FP. ResultsThe key indexes including tanshinone I, tol, toe, Atp, first exothermic peak, and second exothermic peak can differentiate between various batches of YXSCs based on their three-dimensional fingerprint profiles. The integration evaluation results from 42 batches of YXSCs were categorized into 2–5 grades, indicating good quality consistency across different batches. In vitro studies have indicated a significant antioxidant activity capacity of YXSCs. The PLS model revealed that 37 out of the 41 fingerprint peaks exhibited antioxidant activity. The overall trend of BCA was consistent with PLS model results. ConclusionThis research presents a scientific and holistic strategy for the quality consistency evaluation of YXSCs, thereby offering an effective approach for the thorough evaluation of TCMs.

Satisfying the needs for highly qualified engineering staff in a disruptively changing aircraft industry with special care for MRO sector

PurposeThe number of passengers in the aviation sector following COVID-19 has recovered in 2023 and is 5% higher than it was in 2019. The average annual growth of air travel is predicted to be 3.2% between 2019 and 2039. This means the need for aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) services will also increase. Moreover, the stakeholders require lower costs, higher effectiveness/market share and sustainability. These expectations can be realized only with the identification, development and implementation of new innovations while improving and optimizing the already used processes and procedures. Since only highly qualified graduates can reach these requirements, the need for profession-specific MSc and PhD level engineers has elevated significantly. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the development and implementation of a new MRO higher educational framework program in strong cooperation with enterprises and universities.Design/methodology/approachThe emphasis is placed on the program’s scouting, investigation, development, realization and evaluation by defining key performance indexes and aiming for the optimal solution for all participants.FindingsThe result of this study is the establishment of a new educational framework, the reinvention of the MSc curriculum and the integration of PhD-level researchers in the industry in a way that fulfills the needs and requirements of the MRO sector. In return, it will give various benefits to all parties involved.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work comes from creating a new educational MSc and PhD level framework that can push the MRO industry forward and fill the gap of missing engineers in this field. Plus, the newly developed program is highly flexible and can be used by other players in the economy after making some adaptions and modifications.

Increasing monsoon precipitation extremes in relation to large-scale climatic patterns in Pakistan

This study comprehensively evaluates monsoon variability and its large-scale drivers in Pakistan, a country often affected by extreme monsoon events leading to destructive flooding. Utilizing the Monotonic Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope test, we analyzed trends in seven indicators of extreme precipitation events (EPEs) from 1961 to 2017 across Pakistan and its homogeneous climatic regions. The wavelet coherence method further allowed us to probe the connection between EPEs and key climate indices such as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Indian summer monsoon (ISM), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) in the time-frequency domain. Our findings indicate a significant increase in all EPEs across Pakistan, particularly in the monsoon region (R-II) from 1961 to 2017, with a noticeable decline post-1980s. The findings revealed a significant increase in EPEs in the whole country from 1961 to 1989 to 1990–2017, with a dominant change in the monsoon region during 1990–2017. In terms of climate indices combinations, IOD + ISM showed the highest coherences (>0.65), while ENSO+IOD + ISM and ENSO+IOD + PDO displayed coherences >0.81 and > 0.79, respectively, across the entire country. The multi-linear regression (MLR) model analysis drivers indicate that IOD and ENSO are the leading drivers of changes in monsoon EPEs in the whole country, whereas the core monsoon region of Pakistan also showed a strong influence from AMO and NAO in tandem with ENSO and IOD. The overall increase in EPEs over Pakistan are mainly associated with the indices from the Pacific Ocean, especially IOD, ENSO and PDO and with their various combinations. Our study reveals the variations in EPEs across Pakistan, yielding insights that could inform water resource management strategies and disaster prevention measures.

Prediction of As and Cd dissolution in various soils under flooding condition

Although the mobility of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in soils during the flooding-drainage process has been intensively studied, predicting their dissolution among various soils still remains a challenge. After comprehensively monitoring multiple parameters related to As and Cd dissolution in 8 soils for a 60-day anaerobic incubation, the redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation model (SEM) were employed to identify the key factors and influencing pathways controlling the dynamic release of As and Cd. Results showed that pH alone explained 90.5 % Cd dissolution, while the dissolved-Fe(II) and 5 M-HCl extractable Fe(II) jointly only explained 50.6 % As dissolution. After data normalization, the ratio of Fe(II) to 5 M-HCl extracted total Fe (i.e. FetotII/Fetot) significantly improved the correlation to R2 = 0.824 (p < 0.001) with a fixed slope of 0.393 among the 8 soils. Our results highlight the crucial role played by the reduction degree of total iron contents in determining both the reduction and dissolution of As during flooding. In contrast, dissolved-Fe(II) was too vulnerable to soil properties to be a stable indicator of As dissolution. Therefore, we propose to replace the dissolved-Fe(II) with this novel ratio as the key index to quantitatively assess the kinetic change of As solubility potential across various soils under flooding conditions.

Beam-Hopping-Based Resource Allocation in Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Networks.

The integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN) provides a promising solution to achieve high-data-rate and ubiquitous connectivity in next-generation communication networks. Considering the scarce spectrum resources and unevenly distributed traffic demands, we investigate the resource allocation algorithms for ISTNs, where the beam-hopping (BH)-based satellite system and terrestrial systems share the same frequency band. Taking advantage of the scheduling flexibility of BH technology, the dynamical protection zones are constructed to avoid co-channel interference and improve the spectrum efficiency. Since both spectrum efficiency and user fairness are the key optimization indexes in practical systems, two resource allocation problems are formulated to maximize the weighted sum of capacity (MWSC) and maximize the minimum capacity-to-demand ratio (MMCDR) of ISTNs, respectively. By reformulating the problems as mixed-integer linear programming problems, optimal solutions are obtained. To reduce the computational complexity, two greedy suboptimal algorithms are proposed for the MWSC and MMCDR, respectively. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithms achieve higher spectrum efficiency and guarantee fairness between the satellite and terrestrial systems. It is also shown that both the greedy algorithms perform similarly to the optimal algorithms while having much lower complexity.

Screening of New Dendrobium officinale Strains Adapted to Karst Forest Environmental Stress Based on Electrophysiological Detection Method

At present, the main methods of breeding Dendrobium officinale (D. officinale) include introduction and domestication, selective breeding, hybrid breeding, and mutation breeding. In the process, traditional methods of field investigation of agronomic traits are often used to select resistant varieties. Although these breeding methods are effective, they have a certain degree of subjectivity and empiricism, and the breeding cycle is long. Electrophysiological instruments were used in this experiment to test the material transport and metabolic capacity of D. officinale in a karst forest epiphytic environment and to quickly evaluate the suitability of different strains of D. officinale in a drought environment. These instruments detected the data on electrophysiological information of leaves of different strains of D. officinale under long-term drought conditions, providing immediate access to the inherent electrophysiological information of the leaves of these strains. Based on the electrophysiological parameters of D. officinale leaves as defined by the inherent electrophysiological information of plants, the water metabolism, nutrient transport, and metabolic capacity in different leaves were evaluated. The key electrophysiological indexes were verified by combining the results of chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content. The results indicate the following: (1) Parameters defined based on electrophysiological information effectively characterized the differences in intracellular water utilization, the nutrient transport status, and the metabolic capacity of different D. officinale strains. (2) The intrinsic physiological resistance, intrinsic physiological reactance, active nutrient transport capacity, and passive nutrient transport capacity were closely related to the growth status and chlorophyll function of D. officinale leaves. These electrophysiological parameters could serve as critical indicators for evaluating the drought resistance of D. officinale. (3) Under severe drought stress, strain LH1 exhibited less leaf damage, adequate water/nutrient supply, vigorous life activities, and excellent drought resistance. We found that strain LH1 demonstrates better adaptation to the arid environment of karst forest lands. The electrophysiological detection method employed in this study offers a new technique for screening wild-cultivated D. officinale resistance strains. The results indicate that the real-time online leaf electrophysiological information measured by the method in this study can characterize the energy and material metabolism of crops, greatly improving the efficiency of crop-variety selection and reducing costs. These conclusions can be used to obtain real-time information on the transmission of water and nutrients within plant cells and can provide theoretical support for studying the adaptation mechanisms of crops to adverse environments.

Impact of El Niño, Indian Ocean dipole, and Madden–Julian oscillation on land surface temperature in Kuching City Sarawak, during the periods of 1997/1998 and 2015/2016: a pilot study

ABSTRACT The severe El Niño events of 1997/1998 and 2015/2016 caused significant disruptions in Southeast Asia, particularly in Borneo, resulting in hazardous haze and acute water shortages. This study examines the influence of El Niño, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) on regional climate, using time-series data from February 1993 to December 2020. Data from El Niño, IOD, and MJO indices were integrated with Landsat 5 and 8 land surface temperature records, allowing for a detailed analysis of their combined effects on regional temperature and precipitation patterns. Time-series trend decomposition and the generalized linear mixed model approach identified the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) as a significant driver of temperature increases and dry spell occurrences during the peak El Niño years. On the other hand, ONI correlated strongly with mean monthly temperatures, underscoring its dominant influence. In addition, the IOD was found to significantly affect regional temperatures with a regression coefficient of 0.38867 (p = 0.0455), indicating its significant but less pronounced impact compared with ONI. These findings clarify the dynamics between key climate indices and their impact on regional climate extremes, offering critical insights for improving climate resilience and adaptation in tropical regions.

Evaluation of Urban Complex Utilization Based on AHP and MCDM Analysis: A Case Study of China

In the context of intensive urban development, urban complexes have emerged as crucial public spaces that address the needs of urban populations. However, current research on urban complexes is predominantly qualitative and lacks a rigorous scientific and quantitative analysis. Therefore, this study employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct a standardized system encompassing five dimensions: spatial function, spatial perception, architectural style, surrounding environment, and energy-saving technology. The objective is to determine the weights of the indices that influence people’s use of urban complexes under the goal of “humanization”. Additionally, the study quantitatively analyzes key indices using spatial syntax and other analytical methods. Subsequently, we employ multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) analysis to examine three real-world cases in China, aiming to validate further the importance of the AHP + MCDM approach, which incorporates the TOPSIS method based on grey correlation. This methodology considers both the subjective factors of crowd evaluations of urban complex usage and the interrelationships among indicators, ensuring that the statistical calculations of the indicators remain objective and scientifically robust. The results indicate that (1) the degree of facility improvement has the greatest impact on the crowd’s use of urban complexes; (2) there is a discrepancy between the results of the TOPSIS method and the MCDM evaluation model, with the MCDM evaluation method aligning more closely with real-world scenarios; and (3) the Shanghai MOSCHINO received the highest evaluation score, while the Nanjing Central Emporium received the lowest. Finally, we discuss the experimental results and propose targeted strategies for optimizing the design of urban complexes to achieve the goal of “humanization”.

Stochastic modeling and optimization of discrete-time cold standby repairable systems with unreliable repair facility and retrial mechanism

This study develops novel reliability models for discrete-time cold standby repairable systems with unreliable repair facility and retrial mechanism. In view of the situation that the state of some engineering systems cannot be continuously monitored, discrete distribution is used to describe the distribution of random variables involved in this paper. For the case that multiple events can occur simultaneously in the discrete-time system model, the priority order of multiple events occurring simultaneously is defined. Two different models are proposed based on two types of priority rules. The retrial mechanism of the components is considered in the case that the failure information of the system components cannot be successfully transmitted to the repair facility. The preventive maintenance (PM) and repair after the breakdown of the repair facility are considered. The key reliability indices are derived by using the iterative algorithm of the difference equation and the generative function method. The algorithms for calculating system state probability, key reliability indices and cost–benefit ratio (CBR) are designed. To demonstrate the impact of each parameter on the system reliability indices, numerical results are provided. The optimal repair rate configuration scheme is chosen using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to achieve the lowest possible CBR. The impact of the system model with or without PM on stationary availability and CBR is shown. In addition, the impact of the number of system components on a series of system performance indices is analyzed, and the optimal number of components of the system corresponding to the minimum value of CBR is obtained.

Investigation of three-dimensional wake width for offshore wind turbines under complex environmental conditions by large eddy simulation

Abstract The wake of wind turbines is a main concern for offshore wind farms, in which the wake width is a key index and needs to be accurately predicted. However, the existing wake width models have shortcomings in predicting the wake of wind turbines in different offshore environments. In view of this, large eddy simulation (LES) is adopted to simulate offshore wind turbines under various environmental conditions. The analyses show that there are evident differences in wake widths between horizontal and vertical directions. The variations of turbulence intensity and wind speed in the environment have significant effects on the wake width. By fitting the simulation results, a three-dimensional (3-D) wake width model is proposed to predict the wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions, which considers the effects of lateral and vertical turbulence intensities on the wake width in different directions, and uses the thrust coefficient to reflect the effect of wind speed. The proposed 3-D model is then compared with existing models through test cases, indicating that it is more accurate in predicting wake widths in horizontal and vertical directions under different environmental conditions, meanwhile shows good applicability in complex offshore environments.

Simulation Analysis and Key Performance Index for Experimental Verification of a New Type of Press Transmission Mechanism

In this paper, the characteristics of special stamping process requirements and the shortcomings of existing application technology are studied. Through repeated motion simulation analysis and size optimization calculation, a kind of inertia-controlled molding press is proposed to make up for this technical vacancy. This paper first describes the working principle and structure scheme of the main transmission mechanism of the inertia-controlled molding press. With the help of Adams-View x64 2013, the main transmission mechanism is simulated and analyzed from the aspects of kinematics and dynamics, and a physical prototype is made to test the key reliability indexes of the main transmission mechanism. According to the test data, the static strength, stiffness, vibration characteristics, and dynamic characteristics of the 200 t inertia-controlled molding press are evaluated, which provides a reference for the design of this kind of machine tool.

Effect of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)-supplemented diet on key biochemical indices relevant to erectile function in rats corpus cavernosum after cisplatin treatment

Effect of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.)-supplemented diet on key biochemical indices relevant to erectile function in rats corpus cavernosum after cisplatin treatment

Analysis of the integrated pattern of hoverable flapping wing micro-air vehicle

Flying creatures, such as insects and hummingbirds, display superior flight capabilities that have inspired the development of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs). Although these vehicles have achieved certain milestones, integrating subsystems under stringent size, weight, and power (SWaP) constraints poses significant energy and weight management challenges. These vehicles' common patterns and critical differences still need to be clearly understood, indicating that their integrated patterns still need to be defined.To determine the integrated pattern of these aircraft, this study began with analyzing existing data on hover-capable bionic aircrafts. It then formulated a set of indices through the permutation and combination of subsystem parameters. Key indices were identified by examining the universality and specificity of system indices through case studies of aircraft, which helped establish the integrated pattern of FWMAVs.The study revealed certain commonalities in these aircraft; for example, the actuation system, comprising the drive, transmission, and manipulation systems, accounts for 51.72 % of the take-off weight. Combining the transmission system and structure, the airframe system represents 27.62 % of the take-off weight. The battery system accounts for about 20.18 %, while the electronic system usually constitutes 12.78 % of the aircraft's take-off weight. Additionally, significant variability was observed among aircrafts in parameters such as CD_5 and CD_7, which represent the distribution of control functions, and CS_4, which tests the integration of the structure with the transmission system. This paper constructs an integrated pattern for such aircraft based on these findings.The integrated pattern derived from this work provides a practical range of parameter values for subsystems during the initial design phase of these aircraft. This is crucial for enhancing the iterative convergence speed in engineering, facilitating the parallel development and design of subsystems, and validating the practicality of numerical optimization results from optimization algorithms. Ultimately, this contributes to advancing future designs and developments of hover-capable bio-inspired flying aircraft.

The life-course changes in muscle mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: The China BCL study and the US NHANES study.

Sarcopenia is an important indicator of ill health and is linked to increased mortality and a reduced quality of life. Age-associated muscle mass indices provide a critical tool to help understand the development of sarcopenia. This study aimed to develop sex- and age-specific percentiles for muscle mass indices in a Chinese population and to compare those indices with those from other ethnicities using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Whole-body and regional muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in participants of the China Body Composition Life-course (BCL) study (17203 healthy Chinese aged 3-60years, male 48.9%) and NHANES (12663 healthy Americans aged 8-59years, male 50.4%). Age- and sex-specific percentile curves were generated for whole-body muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape statistical method. Values of upper and lower muscle mass across ages had three periods: an increase from age 3 to a peak at age 25 in males (with the 5th and 95th values of 41.5 and 66.4kg, respectively) and age 23 in females (with the 5th and 95th values of 28.4 and 45.1kg, respectively), a plateau through midlife (30s-50s) and then a decline after their early 50s. The age at which muscle mass began to decline was 52years in men with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 43.5 and 64.6kg, and 51years in women with the 5th and 95th percentile values of 31.6 and 46.9kg. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass decreased earlier than whole body muscle mass, especially leg skeletal muscle mass, which decreased slightly after age 49years in both sexes. In comparison with their US counterparts in the NHANES, the Chinese participants had lower muscle mass indices (all P<0.001) and reached a muscle mass peak earlier with a lower muscle mass, with the exception of similar values compared with adult Mexican and White participants. The muscle mass growth rate of Chinese children decreased faster than that of other races after the age of 13. We present the sex- and age-specific percentiles for muscle mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass by DXA in participants aged 3-60 from China and compare them with those of different ethnic groups in NHANES. The rich data characterize the trajectories of key muscle mass indices that may facilitate the clinical appraisal of muscle mass and improve the early diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Chinese population.

Conodonts suggest a late Spathian (late Early Triassic) age for Thaisaurus chonglakmanii (Reptilia: Ichthyosauromorpha) from Thailand

The timing of the emergence of marine reptiles following the Permian–Triassic mass extinction is crucial for studying the recovery of marine ecosystems in the Triassic. Conodonts, key index fossils in the Triassic, are widely used to date the marine reptiles, especially in the Early Triassic. Triassospathodus anhuinensis is a conodont species originally discovered in the upper Spathian of South China, but lacked a comprehensive description, leading to misidentifications and confusion in previous research. Here, we reevaluated Tr. anhuinensis and summarized its morphological characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution based on a review of the literature. We then critically evaluated the age of the primitive ichthyosaur Thaisaurus chonglakmanii from Thailand based on the updated knowledge of Tr. anhuinensis. We sampled the Khao Thong section where T. chonglakmanii was found for conodont study. Tr. anhuinensis elements were obtained from the bed where T. chonglakmanii was collected and also in the bed five metres above the T. chonglakmanii fossil horizon, suggesting a late Spathian age for T. chonglakmanii. A late Spathian age for T. chonglakmanii questions the hypothesis of Thailand as the place of origin of ichthyosaurs in the late Induan or early Spathain.

INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE IN APPLYING ELEMENTS OF TOURISM DIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS

The article targets to revision the practice of digital ecosystem use for the renovation and development of global tourism. The outcomes of the revision will support to adjust the policy of Kazakhstan while forming an innovative digitalization program for the republic and define significance spheres. Our findings underscore the increasingly significant role that intermediaries play within the tourism sector. Moreover, the appearance of fresh high-tech entities is paving the way for inventive services, injecting a vibrant energy into the market. Nevertheless, the involvement of local stakeholders, such as populations and civic groups, is important to the Kazakhstan tourism industry; their integration into the experiences offered to tourists is indispensable. These insights offer researchers and industry professionals a framework to explore innovative possibilities and the development of specialized niches. Furthermore, these insights serve as a foundation for additional studies on the shifts within the ecosystem, influenced by technological advancements or external factors. The paper delves into the digitalization trends globally and presents key indices from international rankings to evaluate Kazakhstan’s digital economy and its readiness for a digital makeover. Keywords: digital economy, digitalization, tourism, digital technologies, industry 4.0.

Effect of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid on physiological property, antioxidant activity, and cadmium uptake of quinoa seedlings under cadmium stress.

Increasing cadmium (Cd) pollution has negative effects on quinoa growth and production. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) confers plants with stress resistance to heavy metals; however, the mechanism remains unclear. We explored the effects of exogenous GABA on the physiological characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and Cd accumulation of quinoa seedlings under Cd stress using hydroponic experiments. Partial least-squares regression was used to identify key physical and chemical indices of seedlings affecting Cd accumulation. Compared with those of the CK group, exposure to 10 and 25 µmol·L-1 Cd significantly reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthesis, and biomass accumulation of quinoa seedlings; resulted in shorter and thicker roots; decreased the length of the lateral roots; decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide (POD); and increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Exogenous GABA reduced the Cd content in the stem/leaves and roots of quinoa seedlings under Cd stress by 13.22-21.63% and 7.92-28.32%, decreased Cd accumulation by 5.37-6.71% and 1.91-4.09%, decreased the H2O2 content by 38.21-47.46% and 45.81-55.73%, and decreased the MDA content by 37.65-48.12% and 29.87-32.51%, respectively. GABA addition increased the SOD and POD activities in the roots by 2.78-5.61% and 13.81-18.33%, respectively, under Cd stress. Thus, exogenous GABA can reduce the content and accumulation of Cd in quinoa seedlings by improving the photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activity and reducing the degree of lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane to alleviate the toxic effect of Cd stress on seedling growth.

A data-driven short video international communication model based on indicator system communication network and attention BiLSTM neural network

As one of the most popular ways to disseminate Internet content in the current era of media convergence, short videos have increasingly become part of people’s daily lives. This paper takes TikTok as the research object, focusing on the study of short video communication process. The research objective of this paper is to improve the international communication effect of short videos through data-driven analysis and strategy research on the law of international communication of short videos. Firstly, the key objective indicator system about international communication of short videos is constructed, the definition, selection and design logic of key objective indicators are introduced, the construction idea of the corresponding indicator system is proposed, and then the key objective indicator system about international communication of short videos and related data set are constructed. Secondly, an international communication network model for short videos is built. The construction of this network model is divided into three steps, the construction of the short video communication network KOIS-PN based on the key objective indicators system, the construction of AT-BiLSTM neural network model to adapt to the research scenario of short video international communication, the construction of an international communication network model of short videos combining KOIS-PN and AT-BiLSTM. The international short video communication network is constructed according to the key objective index system of international short video, and the key objective index system is used as nodes in the communication network, and the short video communication network is constructed by hierarchical relationship. Thirdly, the performance of the core theoretical model proposed in this paper is verified. The experimental results show that, the KOISPN-ATBiLSTM international communication network model of short videos has certain validity and advancement.

Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Bard in Digital Governance: Accuracy, Adaptability, and Readability Insights

In a comprehensive assessment of ChatGPT and Bard's performance across three key indices—Government AI Readiness, Digital Economy and Society, and UN E-Government Survey, the study delves into nuanced insights regarding their accuracy, adaptability, and readability within the context of Digital Governance. ChatGPT demonstrated a superior accuracy rate of 93.55%, surpassing Bard's performance at 88.57%. Notably, both models exhibited variations in individual and mutual error correction capabilities, particularly evident when faced with confirmation queries. Bard showcased an adjustment post-confirmation, suggesting potential error correction, whereas ChatGPT displayed limited adaptability in similar scenarios. While there was a notable congruence in their responses to Digital Governance content, challenges arose in deciphering complex information, especially concerning sustainability initiatives. Bard generally produced more accessible content, evident in readability metrics, in contrast to ChatGPT's inclination towards using complex language. Both models demonstrated promising alignment in addressing intricate topics within the realm of Digital Governance. The findings emphasize the need for policymakers to critically evaluate the adaptability and accuracy of language models like ChatGPT and Bard when considering their integration into digital governance practices. Awareness of their diverse performance and error correction capabilities is crucial for responsible implementation, ensuring the maximal benefits of AI in public decision-making.

Effect of gravel pack permeability on horizontal well productivity loss under secondary methane hydrate formation: Experimental optimization of 3D randomly distributed mixed sand pack

Horizontal well productivity is limited by secondary hydrate formation (temperature drop results from endothermic of hydrate dissociation) during production. Seepage capacity as one of the key indexes for evaluating production efficiency, and efficiency is declined by sand production. Sand control is achieved by using gravel pack technology (selected sands for hindering the sediments particles migration), which extends the production time. However, forecasting the productivity decline trend from quantifying the permeability of the gravel pack after secondary formation remain challenges. To address these issues, a randomly distributed 3D normalized permeability (Kr) model was developed to describe the seepage capacity of gravel pack composed by various particle sizes of mixed glass beads. The theoretical modelling was established by observing micro spatial structure of glass beads with hydrate formation. The new model considered three consolidation modes of hydrate in pores (cementing + bearing, pore filling, and grain coating) and linked them with the productivity ratio equation of a horizontal gas well. To confirm the viability of the model, a series of permeability measurement experiments with various size ratios (α) from 1 to 10 were conducted. Finally, errors comparison and all parameters of the model were analyzed. The results showed that the productivity ratio declined clearly after saturation is >0.79, when α = 4. For long-term production, α = 10 would be better. The new model can help hydrate horizontal wells increase production from laboratory to industrial exploitation. KeyPoints•Secondary hydrate formation permeability model in gravel pack was established.•After secondary saturation's effect on horizontal well production was developed.•Gravel pack was simulated by random non-coincident particles with varies size ratios.•When the size ratio is 4, productivity ratio of horizontal well was extended.