Kepok Banana Peel Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang Kepok untuk Produksi Bioetanol dengan Proses Hidrolisis Asam Klorida

To reduce the environmental impact of petroleum-based materials, alternative materials such as bioethanol are used, although in small quantities. The second generation bioethanol is produced from biomass originating from hemicellulose-producing bacteria and bound by lignin, namely Kepok banana peel waste. The aim of this research is to find out whether Kepok banana peel waste can be an alternative raw material for making bioethanol using the hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method, which is a good method for the process of making bioethanol from banana peel waste. The process in this research uses two stages, namely the pretreatment stage and the hydrolysis process stage. Lignin is dried through a chemical delignification process, namely by soaking banana peel shells in 10% NaOH solution with a mass ratio of 1:6 (w/v) for 12 hours. After the raw materials are delignified, their contents are tested using the Chesson Datta method. The 10% NaOH delignification method was able to reduce lignin levels in Kepok bananas (36.6%), hemicellulose (11.1%), and cellulose levels (62.8%). The fermentation process uses a starter made from bread yeast with a concentration of 1.4%, urea nutrition with a concentration of 1%, and NPK nutritional variations of 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0% for three days. The substrate has a volume of 150 ml and is then allowed to ferment until it is no longer thick. The best Kepok banana peel bioethanol (6.5%) in a volume of 17ml comes from NPK (0.8%), the final result is that Kepok banana peel waste can be an alternative to bioethanol.

Nanoemulsion Formulation of Kepok Banana Peel Extract and Yellow Watermelon Peel as a Kidney Stone Removal

The kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel are still rarely appropriately used as medicine. The kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel contain flavonoids and potassium that function as kidney stone removers. This study aims to make a nanoemulsion formulation of kepok banana peel extract and yellow watermelon peel as a kidney stone remover. The preparation starts with extraction, testing the flavonoid content of the extract, testing the potassium content of the extract, making nanoemulsion using the homogenization method at a speed of 15,200 rpm, and analyzing the nanoemulsion formula that has been made. This study showed that the nanoemulsion extract contained flavonoids and potassium with a pH value of 7 and a viscosity value of 2.70 cP. The nanoemulsion of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel extracts also has a size of 246.9 nm and a PDI of 0.618 with an oil-in-water (O/W) nanoemulsion type. The extracts of kepok banana peel and yellow watermelon peel in nanoemulsion preparation can be used as a medicine to remove kidney stones.

Pengaruh Variasi Ukuran Ketebalan Material terhadap Karakteristik Termoelektrik Komposit CuO/Karbon Aktif Kulit Pisang Kepok

Thermoelectric is a device that can convert heat energy into electrical energy. One thing that influences the quality and characteristics of a thermoelectric material is the size of the thermoelectric material. In this research, we will look at the effect of the size of the thermoelectric material which has been varied in thickness. The thermoelectric material itself is made from a composite of active carbon from kepok banana peel with CuO with a mass ratio of 3:7. The composite was then printed with varying mold thickness sizes and the results were that a mold with a thickness of 0.5 cm was the best mold with an electrical conductivity value of 0.2 MS/cm, a heat conductivity value of 0.0680394 J/s, a value the Seebeck coefficient is 1.13229 mV/oK. The band gap value of the activated carbon and CuO composite resulting from the DR-UV test is 1.27 eV

Studi Kinetika Ekstraksi Pektin dari Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok

Pectin is one of the polysaccharides that located in plant cell walls along with cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The method for obtaining pectin is extraction. During the extraction process, there is reaction kinetic occur. This study aims to determine the extraction kinetics of kepok banana peel including reaction rate constants and activation energy with variations in extraction time. Secondary data that is processed are 1; 1,5; and 2 of pH extraction, 80oC and 90oC of temperature extraction, time extraction 70, 80, 90, and 100 minutes, and yield of pectin. The result showed that the value of the degradation constant (k2) is smaller than the value of the extraction constant (k1) on all variables. The highest Yemax is 41,88% that was found at pH 1,5; 90oC and 80 minutes of extraction times. The lowest value of activation energy for pectin formation (Ea1) is 17,812 kJ/mol and the highest value of activation energy for pectin degradation (Ea2) is 3,787 kJ/mol, both of which are found at pH 1,5. The optimum conditions for extracting pectin from kepok banana peel were at pH extraction 1,5 and 90oC of temperature extraction taking into account the values of k1, k2, Yemax, tmax, and activation energy.

The Effectiveness of Liquid Organic Fertilizer Banana Peel Kepok and Onion Peel to Plant Growth Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L.)

Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) is a medicinal plant that grows wild in tropical climates that has many properties to cure various degenerative diseases. This plant is relatively rare because it is often considered a weed. Banana peels and shallots can be used as liquid organic fertilizer (POC). Liquid organic fertilizer has the advantage that the nutrients contained are more quickly and easily absorbed by plant roots. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants through the provision of various doses of liquid organic fertilizer kepok banana peel and shallot skin and determine the best dose of liquid organic fertilizer in affecting the growth of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants. The method used in this research is an experiment consisting of independent variables, namely liquid organic fertilizer of kepok banana peel and shallot skin and the dependent variable is the growth of ciplukan plants (Physalis angulata L.). The sample used in this study was the Ciplukan plant (Physalis angulata L.). Sampling using group randomized design (RAK) technique. This experimental method uses 5 treatments and each treatment is repeated as many as 5 repetitions, thus there are 25 experimental units of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plant samples with concentrations of 0 ml, 15 ml, 25 ml, 35 ml, and 45 ml with the observation parameters measured are plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and leaf width. The results showed that liquid organic fertilizer of kepok banana peel and shallot skin had an effect on the growth of ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants. The concentration of 35 ml/polybag gives a better effect on plant height, stem diameter, and leaf width in ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) plants compared to the control treatment and other treatments.

Use of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Kepok Banana Peel (Musa acuminata) on the Growth of Mustard Plants (Brassica juncea)

Banana peel waste is one of the contributors to organic waste in Indonesia. By using banana peels as fertilizer, it is hoped that organic waste can be reduced. This research aims to determine the effect of Liquid Organic Fertilizer (LOF) from kepok banana peel (Musa acuminata) on the growth of mustard greens (Brassica juncea), using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications, namely P0: control group (without banana peel waste LOF), P1 = 25 ml LOF, P2 = 50 ml LOF, P3 = 75 ml LOF, and P4 = 100 ml LOF. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, and wet weight. The research data were analyzed using the ANOVA test with a significance level of 5% followed by the DMRT/Duncan test to determine the differences in effects between treatments. Giving 75 ml of banana peel LOF had the most effective effect with an average plant height of 16.75 cm, an average number of leaves of 7, and an average wet weight of 2.25 gr. From the results of the ANOVA test, the plant height was 7.95, the number of leaves was 1.17, and the wet weight was 16.00. From the three parameters, it was found that Fcount>Ftable (2.87) so it was concluded that giving 75 ml LOF of kepok banana peel had a significant effect on the vegetative growth of mustard plants compared to other treatments, especially on the parameters of plant height and fresh weight.

Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Concentration and Stirring Time on The Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastic from Kepok Banana Peel Starch

One solution is to use bioplastics, which can replace synthetic plastics that are difficult to decompose. Starch is one of the materials used in the manufacture of bioplastics because it is naturally degradable. However, bioplastics made from starch tend to be brittle and easily damaged, so additional materials are needed to overcome this problem. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is one of the materials used in the manufacture of bioplastics because it has properties that can be degraded naturally, is non-toxic, and is able to form good quality plastic films. This study aims to examine the effect of PVA concentration and stirring time on the mechanical properties of biodegradable plastic derived from kepok banana peels. This study used a completely randomized design with three variations of PVA concentration (3%, 4%, and 5%) and three variations of stirring time (25 minutes, 35 minutes, and 45 minutes). The results showed that at a PVA concentration of 5% with a stirring time of 45 minutes, bioplastics showed the best quality with a tensile strength value of 2.25 MPa, the best elongation at break was 416%, and the best elasticity was 0.541. In biodegradation, all samples were completely degraded within 7 days. It can be included that the addition of PVA concentration and the length of stirring effecth the mechanical properties of bioplastics but not on the biodegradation test.

Substitution of chayote, dragon fruit peel, and kepok banana peel on nutrient content and sensory of Vegetable Leather as high fiber snack

Consumption of vegetables and fruit in school-age children, which is still less than the recommended five servings/day in 2018, can increase the risk of nutritional problems in children due to low fiber consumption, leading to obesity. High-fiber snacks made from local food can be a solution. However, the availability is still limited. This research aims to develop snack products from chayote, dragon fruit peel, and Kepok banana peel. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from April 2021 to August 2022 at Saraswanti Indo Genetech Chemistry Laboratorium in Bogor. The sample consists of moderately trained panelists, as many as 30 people. There were four concentration formulations of chayote, dragon fruit peel, and Kepok banana peel. Data were analyzed using One Way Anova and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result shows significant differences in color (p= 0,000), taste (p= 0,000), texture (p= 0,000), and overall preference level between formulations (p= 0,002). The selected F2 contains a water content of 18,25%, ash content of 3,12%, protein of 2,82%, fat of 0,28%, carbohydrates of 75,53%, dietary fiber of 10,48 %, and a total plate count of 30 colonies/g. In conclusion, the F2 tends to be more liked by the panelists and can be considered high in fiber.

Effect of Kepok Banana Peel Extract (Musa Paradisca L.) on Leading Time in Balb-C Strain Mice

The prevalence of bleeding complications after tooth extraction reached 31.5%. Hemostasis process is needed in this situation to avoid complications after tooth extraction. Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L.) is one of the traditional plants that can help the hemostatic process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving kepok banana peel extract (Musa Paradisiaca L.) on bleeding time in cutting the tails of male mice, with the hope that in the future it can be used as an alternative for bleeding therapy after tooth extraction. Observations were made by taking 12 mice as samples and divided into three groups, namely the negative control group (K-), the positive control group (K+), and the treatment group (P). In the K- group, the mice were subjected to aquadest solution of 0.4 ml/20 mg BW, in the K+ group, tranexamic acid was probed at a dose of 0.065 mg/g BW mice as much as 0.4 ml/20 mg BW mice , and in the P group the kepok banana peel extract was probed with a dose of 1.55 mg/g BW mice as much as 0.4 ml/20 mg BW mice orally. All groups were cut on the tails of mice with a length of 0.5 cm. The cut wounds on the tails of mice were dripped onto absorbent paper boxes which were divided into 16 boxes, with an interval of 30 seconds in each box. The results showed that the administration of kepok banana peel extract (Musa Paradisiaca L.) had the effect of accelerating bleeding time on tail cutting of mice with BalB-C strain.

Isotherm and Kinetic Adsorption of Cadmium (Cd) onto Biosorbent Made from Kepok Banana Peel (Musa Acuminata balbisian): the Effect of Activator Type and Biosorbent Dosage

The present study determined the isotherm and kinetics model of the cadmium adsorption process onto a biosorbent made from kepok banana peel (Musa Acuminata balbisian). The experiments were carried out in batch process, laboratories scale, room temperature, pH of Cadmium of 4, volume of Cd solution of 20 ml, and biosorbent size particle of 60 mesh—the biosorbent produced using chemical activation method onto dry banana peel. The variation in this research was the type of activator (H3PO4 and H2SO4) and the biosorbent dosage (1, 1.5, and 2 g). The experimental data was used to calculate the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm—Kinetics analysis based on pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetics models. The best condition of the cadmium removal occurred at 90 minutes of contact time and 2 g dosage for H2SO4 and H3PO4 activators. Cadmium biosorption was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The linear equation obtained is positive, with the maximum adsorption capacity and the affinity constant. Cadmium adsorption onto banana peel biosorbents followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm pattern, so chemical adsorption occurred in this study. Cadmium adsorption kinetics onto biosorbent that activated with an acid activator of H3PO4 and H2SO4 followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The best condition of the cadmium removal occurred at 90 minutes of contact time and 2 g dosage for H2SO4 and H3PO4 activators. Cadmium biosorption in this study was in accordance with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order

Production of Nanocellulose from Kepok Banana Peel Waste Using Acid Hydrolysis Method

Research on the production of nanocellulose from kepok banana peel waste has been carried out using the Acid Hydrolysis method with H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid. This study aims to determine the effect of giving H2SO4 on kepok banana peels and the crystal structure and surface morphology of nanocellulose on kepok banana peels. The production of nanocellulose was carried out in three stages: delignification using 10% NaOH, bleaching using 10% H2O2, and isolation of nanocellulose using H2SO4 with various concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20%. This research uses X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as its characterization. The resulting crystallite size ranges from 3.58 to 4.15 nm, producing a lump-like morphological structure.

Fraksinasi Sari Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminata) Mentah Tua dan Evaluasi Aktivitas Antibakteri terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes

Acne vulgaris is a skin condition performed the acne due to bacterial activity that infects the skin. Acne problems are often the cause of a person that decrease in self-confidence. One of the most common acne-causing bacteria is Propionibacterium acnes. P.acnes is a gram-positive bacterium with its morphological, shape, properties and composition classified in the group of corynebacteria, but this type of bacteria is not toxigenic or bacteria that does not produce toxic substances (toxic). One of the materials that can be used for acne medication is banana peel. Banana peels are residual waste products from domestic industrial production. The waste of Banana peels have potential as an antibacterial. They contain secondary metabolites such as phenolics, quinones and flavonoids which can act as antibacterials. The purpose of this study was to examine the antibacterial activity of raw kepok banana (Musa acuminata) peel extract against Propionibacterium acne bacteria as a cause of acne. Antibacterial activity test in this study was carried out using the well diffusion method to see how the antibacterial effect of raw kepok banana peel (Musa acuminata) had on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Kepok banana peel extracts were fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The results of the antibacterial activity test for the three fractions showed that the water fraction of kepok banana peel extract represented the best inhibition zone of 10.02 ± 0.05 mm, 11.28 ± 0.13 mm, 12.38 ± 0.02 mm and 16.97 ± 0.36 with a strong category at successive concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80%.

Effect of 10% kepok banana peel extract gel (musa paradisiaca linn. kepok) application on periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (rattus norvegicus): In vivo study

Objective: The aim of our study was to determine the effect of application of 10% Kepok banana peel extract gel (Musa paradisiaca linn. Kepok) on periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus).
 Methods: Fourty-eight wistar rats were divided into 3 groups, namey 16 rats as the positive control group (Aloclair gel), 16 rats as the negative control group (CMC-Na gel 2%) and 16 rats as the treatment group (10% Kepok banana peel extract gel). The induction of periodontitis was performed using modified ligation technique for 7 days with additional injection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria on the first day. Wistar rats were euthanized on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 for histological analysis to evaluate the number of macrophages, lymphocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Radiographs were taken on day 21 using digital periapical radiograph (PaloDex Oy). Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVA and Post Hoc LSD tests.
 Results: Data analysis showed a significant difference in the cell numbers among the groups. A decreasing number of lymphocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts could already be observed since the 1st day, so could an increasing number of fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The fibroblasts and osteoblasts of the treatment group already reached their peak on the 5th day, faster than the negative control and positive control groups that reached their peaks on the 7th day.
 Conclusion: The application of 10% Kepok banana peel extract gel (Musa paradisiaca linn. Kepok) caused significant acceleration of periodontal regeneration process in periodontal healing of wistar rat (Rattus norvegicus).

PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM BANANA PEEL (Musa paradisiaca l.) USING SULFURIC ACID CATALYST

.Bioethanol is a pure alcoholic compound consisting of ethanol and is produced through a biomass fermentation process with the help of microorganisms. Making bioethanol can be done using plants that contain starch, carbohydrates, glucose, and cellulose. One option is kepok banana peels. Utilization of kepok banana peels can increase the variety of raw materials for bioethanol production which are cost-effective and easy to obtain. This research has been done before, what has never been done is the manufacture of bioethanol using various catalysts H2SO4, hydrolysis temperature and fermentation time. This research method uses hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation with variations in hydrolysis temperatures of 80°C, 90°C and 100°C, variations in catalyst concentration H2SO4 1 M, 2 M, 3 M with fermentation times of 5, 7, 9 days. Results of this study the highest yield and density were obtained at the hydrolysis temperature of 90°C, the catalyst concentration of 3 M H2SO4 with a fermentation time of 9 days was 5.0432% and 0.8346 gr/ml, and the highest bioethanol content was at the hydrolysis temperature of 90°C, the catalyst concentration 2 M H2SO4 with 9 days fermentation time of 0.2884%. The size of a grade is influenced by the length of time of fermentation and the amount of catalyst given. The density value of the bioethanol obtained meets the Indonesian National Standard. The results of the GC (Gas-Chromatography) test based on the highest glucose content and fermentation time at each temperature variation showed that the bioethanol content with a glucose content of 5.2%, 12.2% and 14.1% respectively at a hydrolysis temperature of 80°C , 90°C and 100°C with catalyst concentration H2SO4 3 M and a fermentation time of 9 days, namely 1.783%, 4.024% and 5.030%. The greater the catalytic agent used, the greater the level of glucose produced and the longer the fermentation period given, the more optimal the product will be.

The Effect of Giving the Combined Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Gamal Leaves (Gliricidia sepium) and Kepok Banana Peel (Musa Paradisiaca) on the Growth and Yield of Paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum)

This study aims to examine the growth and production of paprika (Capsicum annum var. Grossum) when treated with liquid organic fertilizer mixed with gamal leaves and kepok banana peels, and to recommend the optimal dose for this treatment. Plantation land on Jalan Maridan Riko in Maridan Village, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser District, East Kalimantan was surveyed for this study. Five different doses, labeled P0 (Control), P1 (40 ml), P2 (80 ml), P3 (120 ml), and P4 (160 ml), were tested in a randomized block design trial. Plant height among the measured variables, number of leaves, number of fruits, fruit weight. Based on the results of analysis of plant height growth data Fcount (6.88) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of plant leaves Fcount (60.92) > Ftable (2.87), analysis of data on the number of fruit Fcount (6.66) > Ftable (3.02) and results of fruit weight data analysis Fcount (2.91) > Ftable (2.87). These findings indicate that the optimal dose of liquid organic fertilizer for gamal leaves and kepok banana peels is 120 ml (P3), and this has a real impact on the development and yield of chili (Capsicum annum var. Grossum).

Protectiveness of Banana Peel Extract Lotion (Musa x paradisiaca L.) as Aedes aegypti Mosquito Repellent

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an illness that is brought about by the dengue virus and transmitted through female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The majority of repellents that are available in the market contain hazardous synthetic chemicals, including N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). Isoamyl acetate and saponins, which have the potential to repel insects, are present in the extract of kepok banana peel. The aim of this research was to ascertain the level of protective ability, Effective Time 50% (ET50), Effective Concentration 50% (EC50), physical stability and irritation effect of kepok banana peel ethanol extract lotion. The methodology utilized in this study adheres to the World Health Organization Pesticides Evaluation Scheme (WHOPES) guidelines and employs a randomized design approach. The level of protection provided by the ethanol extracts from kepok banana peels was assessed through a one-way ANOVA, followed by the BNT 5% test and probit analysis. Based on the findings, it was discovered that the concentration levels of 12,5%, 25%, and 50% provided a protective ability of 22,91%, 59,78%, and 80,30%, correspondingly, with an EC50 value of 27,80% and ET50 observed at the 11th minute. This lotion exhibits excellent physical stability and does not elicit any skin irritation. To conclude, the lotion containing ethanol extract from kepok banana peel has the potential to serve as an Aedes aegypti mosquito repellent. However, there is a need for probandus criteria based on age, gender and skin type in future studies.

Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif Kulit Pisang Kepok dan Karbon Aktif Tempurung Nipah sebagai Biosorben untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Laundry

The use of kepok banana peel activated carbon (AC-KPK) and nipa shell activated carbon (AC-TN) to adsorb phosphate ions in laundry waste has been successfully carried out. Characterization of activated carbon was carried out with SEM-EDX. The results of the morphological analysis showed that the pore sizes in AC-KPK and AC-TN were included in the macropore category. The elemental content of the AC-KPK adsorbent is C 74.9%; 23.6% O and 1.5% K, whereas in the AC-TN adsorbent it was observed that C elements were 70.7%; O 25.5%; K 2.0% and other elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Cl are contained in small quantities. The optimum contact time needed by AC-KPK to adsorb phosphate ions in laundry wastewater is 15 minutes with an adsorption efficiency of 98.83%, the AC-TN adsorbent is 5 minutes with an adsorption efficiency of 99.52%, and the combination of AC-KPK&AC- TN resulted in a contact time of 5 minutes with an adsorption efficiency of 99.91%. The adsorption kinetics of phosphate ions with the three adsorbent media followed the pseudo second order model with adsorption rates for the adsorbents AC-KPK, AC-TN, and the combination AC-KPK & AC-TN respectively 3.9400 g/mg.min; -28.7119 g/mg.minute; and -10.8895 g/mg.min.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Kepok (Musa Paradisiaca L) Terhadap Candida albicans dan Streptococcus mutans Sebagai Pembersih Basis Akrilik Gigi Tiruan Lepasan

Background: Banana peels are always thrown away because they are considered items that cannot be eaten or reused, but recent study prove that it contains effective ingredients that can be used as antibacterial and antifungal agent. Kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca L) can kill and inhibit certain types of bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of banana peel extract (Musa paradisiaca L) as a denture cleanser on the removable denture acrylic plate. Methods: This is an experimental laboratory using 48 denture acrylic plates, size 10x10x2 mm. Kepok banana peels were extracted by maceration technique to concentration of 25%, 50% and 75% and used aquadest as control group. Moreover, 24 acrylic plates in each group that cultured by Candida albicans ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) 10231 dan dan Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 were soaked into four solutions (6 plates in each treatment), then total colony was counted by the Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The data was analyzed by computerized by one-way Annova with posttest only-control group design. Results: Reducing the amount of Candida albicans was most effective at a concentration of 75% with an average of 62.33 ± 25.91 (p=0.000), meanwhile the 50% concentration was the most effective on Streptococcus mutans with an average of 0.43 ± 0.41 (p=0.035). Conclusion: Kepok banana peel extract had an good effect on reducing the number of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans colonies on the removable denture acrylic plates.

Development of the Obesity Nutraceutical from Raja and Kepok Banana Peels

Patients with obesity often fail to control their body weight through diet and physical activity, while the existing anti-obesity drugs have some side effects for long-term use. Banana is Indonesia's tropical fruits with the highest production, and the banana peel has become soil waste. This study aimed to analyze nutrients and active compounds of methanol extracts of raja and kepok banana peels (ERP and EKP respectively). Macro and micro-nutrient compositions of the ERP and EKP were determined using the proximate analysis, while Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to detect the ERP and EKP active compounds. The ERP contained 0.11% crude fibers, 4.44% fat, and 58.08% carbohydrates, different from the EKP (4.25% protein, 20.95% water, and 14.45% minerals). By contrast, both the ERP and EKP contained flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins. In conclusion, ERP is potentially developed as a nutraceutical for obesity treatment in the future. Further study is needed to measure specific fat levels and to analyze specific active compounds in the ERP which can modulate gene expression and interact with protein targets in lipid metabolism.

Effect of Contact Time on The Adsorption Process of Activated Carbon from Banana Peel in Reducing Heavy Metal Cd and Dyes Using a Stirring Tub (Pilot Scale)

One of the most successful processes for extracting, recovering, and recycling metals from wastewater is adsorption utilizing natural activated carbon, such as banana peel waste. This is advantageous for a wastewater treatment sector since natural activated carbon is less expensive than conventional activated carbon. The aim of this research is to determine the optimum contact time at removing heavy metals and colour using a stirrer tub (pilot scale). Physically, banana peels would be burned at a high temperature of 300°C, and chemically, they would be activated with a 20% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. A mixing tank with a volume of 30 L and a stirring machine spinning at 200 rpm was employed as a contact point between wastewater and activated carbon. Time variations of 15, 30, 60, 75, and 90 minutes were explored to find the best contact time. The ideal circumstances for 75 minutes obtained a Cd metal removal effectiveness of 98.63% with an adsorption capacity of 0.38 mg/g, according to the findings. At the optimum time of 90 minutes, the kepok banana peel was 97.38% successful in absorbing the color using a stirrer.