Kendall's Tau Research Articles

KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, AND BEHAVIORS OF ADOLESCENTS IN PREVENTING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY

Background: The increasing number of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among young adults aged between 15 and 24 years remains a major problem of concern worldwide. Adolescents' poor knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health, as well as the many misunderstandings regarding sexual issues, can cause adolescents to commit acts that risk increasing the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Objectives: This study aims to analyzed the correlation between knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adolescents in preventing sexually transmitted diseases. Methods: The study used cross sectional designed. This study was conducted at a vocational school in Sidoarjo, East Java, in December 2023. Sample in this study were vocational school’s students who were members of health extracurriculars. The sample size in this study was 50 respondents. This study used random sampling technique. This study used questionnaire as the instrument. Data analyzed used Kendall Tau b correlation method. Results: Most of the respondent were female (72%) and aged of sixteen (60%). The respondent’s knowledge about STDs was correlated with behavior to prevent STDs (p-value <0,01). The respondent knowledge about STDs was correlated with attitudes towards preventing STDs (p-value <0,01). The respondent attitudes towards preventing STDs was correlated with behavior to prevent STDs (p-value <0,01). Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between knowledge about STDs and attitudes towards preventing STDs, a significant correlation between knowledge about STDs and behavior to prevent STDs, and a significant correlation between attitudes and behaviors to prevent STDs

Pengaruh Informasi Kemanfaatan Penggunaan Obat Tradisional dan Suplemen Terhadap Willingness to Pay Dalam Pencegahan NCDs di Kota Yogyakarta

The current incidence of NCDs can not only attack the elderly but can start at a younger age. Must carry out prevention efforts as early as possible by consuming traditional medicines (OT) and supplements. Can obtain information on the benefits of the two products through packaging labels. However, many people still need to pay more attention to them, so they need to understand the proper and correct use of OT and supplements. Willingness to pay (WTP) goes hand in hand with the benefit information obtained. Because if it follows the benefits and prices, the community's WTP is expected to increase. This study aimed to determine the effect of information on the benefits of using OT and supplements on WTP in preventing NCDs in Yogyakarta with a cross-sectional study design. They conducted this research for one month in 5 sub-districts of Yogyakarta City, namely Danurejan, Gondomanan, Mantrijeron, Umbulharjo, and Wirobrajan sub-districts with 107 respondents. The sampling technique uses accidental sampling, and the research instrument is a WTP questionnaire. The results of the research on statistical tests using Kendall Tau found that the significance values were 0.225 (OT) and 0.094 (supplements) > 0.05, so it concluded that information on the benefits of using OT and supplements from packaging labels did not affect WTP in preventing NCDs in the City of Yogyakarta.

Limit Theorems in the Nonparametric Conditional Single-Index U-Processes for Locally Stationary Functional Random Fields under Stochastic Sampling Design

In his work published in (Ann. Probab. 19, No. 2 (1991), 812–825), W. Stute introduced the notion of conditional U-statistics, expanding upon the Nadaraya–Watson estimates used for regression functions. Stute illustrated the pointwise consistency and asymptotic normality of these statistics. Our research extends these concepts to a broader scope, establishing, for the first time, an asymptotic framework for single-index conditional U-statistics applicable to locally stationary random fields {Xs,An:sinRn} observed at irregularly spaced locations in Rn, a subset of Rd. We introduce an estimator for the single-index conditional U-statistics operator that accommodates the nonstationary nature of the data-generating process. Our method employs a stochastic sampling approach that allows for the flexible creation of irregularly spaced sampling sites, covering both pure and mixed increasing domain frameworks. We establish the uniform convergence rate and weak convergence of the single conditional U-processes. Specifically, we examine weak convergence under bounded or unbounded function classes that satisfy specific moment conditions. These findings are established under general structural conditions on the function classes and underlying models. The theoretical advancements outlined in this paper form essential foundations for potential breakthroughs in functional data analysis, laying the groundwork for future research in this field. Moreover, in the same context, we show the uniform consistency for the nonparametric inverse probability of censoring weighted (I.P.C.W.) estimators of the regression function under random censorship, which is of its own interest. Potential applications of our findings encompass, among many others, the set-indexed conditional U-statistics, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient, and the discrimination problems.

Go-Khitan's Home Care Circumcision Service Innovation Increases Customer Satisfaction

Background: Innovation has an important role in the implementation of health-related services to the community so that they can be better, cheaper and faster. Home care Go-Khitan is a health service provided by professionals at the patient's place of residence with the aim of helping to meet the patient's needs in overcoming the health problems they are experiencing. This research aims to see the extent of Go-Khitan Home Care health service innovation and its impact on circumcision customer satisfaction Methods: The type of research carried out was descriptive correlative using a cross-sectional design with a sample size of 32 respondents. Data collection was carried out by taking data through innovation questionnaires and customer satisfaction questionnaires directly and by Google forms. Results: The research results were analyzed using the Kendall Tau statistical test and the p value was 0.01. This value have meaning that Go-khitan home care health service innovation has a significant relationship with customer satisfaction Conclusion: Circumcision at home In a roundabout way, innovation will raise the bar for service excellence. Customer satisfaction will rise as service quality reaches its maximum potential.

Introducing AEM-RADS: A novel reporting and data system for abdominal emergencies.

The Reporting and Data System (RADS) has proven successful in various medical settings, but a standardized reporting system for abdominal emergencies is lacking. In this study, the Abdominal Emergency Reporting and Data System (AEM-RADS) for urgent findings on abdominal CT scans is introduced to address the need for consistency in emergency radiology. In this prospective observational study, conducted over a six-month period, the urgency of abdominal CT scans was assessed using the proposed AEM-RADS scoring system. The committee developed a scale ranging from AEM-RADS 1 (normal) to AEM-RADS 5 (urgent disease). Interobserver agreement between two observers with different experience was evaluated, and robust AEM-RADS reference values were established by radiologists who were not observers. Statistical analysis used mean, standard deviations and Kendall's tau analysis for interobserver agreement. Among 2656 patients who underwent CT for abdominal emergencies, the AEM-RADS distribution was 17.50% AEM-RADS 1, 28.57% AEM-RADS 2, 7.22% AEM-RADS 3, 35.61% AEM-RADS 4, and 11.06% AEM-RADS 5. Interobserver agreement was high, especially for urgent and emergent cases (p < 0.0001). Notable discrepancies were observed in AEM-RADS categories 2C-D and 3B-C, emphasizing the influence of radiologists' experience on interpretation. However, the interobserver agreement for both AEM-RADS 2C-D and 3B-C were statistically significant (p < 0.001). AEM-RADS showed promising reliability, particularly in identifying urgent and emergent cases. Despite some inter-observer discrepancies, the system showed potential for standardized emergency workups. AEM-RADS could significantly enhance diagnostic accuracy in abdominal emergencies and provide a structured framework for shared decision-making between clinicians and radiologists.0.

Strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity in youth with intellectual disabilities

AbstractBackgroundAdequate skill levels of gross motor capacity affect activities of daily living, participation in recreational activities and general physical activity levels of youths (7–21 years). Most studies of typically developing youths have reported significant negative relationships between gross motor capacity and body mass index. The latter findings are especially of concern for youths with intellectual disabilities in that it has been estimated that 61% of children and 66% of adolescents were classified as overweight/obese. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity among youths with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID).MethodsComponents of the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT‐2) were used for designated aspects of gross motor capacity: six items for upper limb coordination (ULC); seven items for balance (BAL); six items for bilateral coordination (BLC); and one item for agility (A‐2). Participants consisted of 654 youths (438 men), ages 8–21 years with ID. Participants were divided into pre‐puberty and post‐puberty men (post ≥12 years) and women (post ≥10 years of age). Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was determined by height and weight measurements on the day of testing. A Kendall's tau correlation coefficient (τ) was used to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity (BOT‐2 test scores).ResultsThe τ values for both pre‐puberty and post‐puberty for all BAL, BLC, A‐2 tests and for three of the six ULC tests were negligible to very weak (τ = 0 to ±0.19). Higher τ values were seen for pre‐puberty youths in three of the ULC tests, but they fell within the weak range (τ &lt; 0.24). When combining all pre‐puberty and post‐puberty participants, τ values were in the negligible to very weak range for all tests.ConclusionThe strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity as measured by the BOT‐2 subtest item scores used in this study is very weak and suggests that they are not clinically relevant.

Impact of spiritual interventions in individuals with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeThis meta-analysis aimed to determine how spiritual interventions affect cancer patients’ physical, emotional, and spiritual outcomes and quality of life. MethodsBetween 2012 and May 2024, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched considering the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Twenty-six randomized controlled trials were included, and 16 were synthesized in the meta-analysis. Bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias methodology for randomized studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations tool was employed for evidence certainty. Heterogeneity was expressed through I2 and Q statistics. Hedge's g was calculated for effect sizes. Egger's and Kendall's Tau were used for publication bias. ResultsSpiritual interventions yielded beneficial effects on fatigue (Hedges's g = 0.900, p < 0.001) and pain (Hedges's g = 0.670, p < 0.001) but not for overall symptom burden (Hedges's g = 0.208, p = 0.176). Significant effects were found for anxiety (Hedges's g = 0.301, p < 0.001), depression (Hedges's g = 0.175, p = 0.016), and psychological distress (Hedges's g = 0.178, p = 0.024), except for hopelessness (Hedges's g = 0.144, p = 0.091). Spiritual interventions enhanced faith (Hedges's g = 0.232, p = 0.035), the meaning of life (Hedges's g = 0.259, p = 0.002), spiritual well-being (Hedges's g = 0.268, p < 0.001), and quality of life (Hedges's g = 245, p < 0.001). Moderator analysis pointed out that cancer stage, total duration, delivery format, providers' qualification, content, and conceptual base of spiritual interventions significantly affect physical, emotional, and spiritual outcomes and quality of life. ConclusionThis meta-analysis highlighted the benefits of spiritual interventions with varying effect sizes on patients’ outcomes, as well as quality of life in cancer, and shed on how to incorporate these approaches into clinical practice.

Experienced veterinary surgeons require multiple attempts but gain proficiency rapidly in robotic simulator tasks.

To assess attempts to proficiency of experienced veterinary surgeons for 2 surgical tasks when using a robotic simulator (Mimic dV-Trainer; Surgical Sciences) and determine factors associated with the successful performance of these tasks. Veterinary surgeons with rigid, minimally invasive surgery experience performed 2 tasks ("pick and place" and "knot the ring 1") using the simulator until they attained proficiency. Individual performance variables were recorded. The number of attempts to proficiency was recorded. Performance variables were also assessed for effect on proficiency by the Kendall tau correlation and hierarchical multiple linear regression. The study period was from July 25, 2022, through December 14, 2022. The 18 surgeons enrolled required a median of 8.5 attempts (95% CI, 7 to 12; range, 6 to 22) to reach proficiency for the basic task versus 27 attempts (95% CI, 21 to 38; range, 10 to 63) for the advanced task. Surgeons took a median of 6 minutes (range, 3 to 11 minutes) to complete training for the basic task and 12 minutes (range, 4 to 46 minutes) for the advanced task. The number of attempts to reach proficiency correlated strongly with economy of motion (tau = 0.72), instrument collisions (tau = 0.72), and time to completion (tau = 0.96). Although experienced surgeons required a high number of attempts to gain proficiency in robotic simulator tasks, they did achieve proficiency quickly, encouraging future investigations into their use for training. Specific motion metrics were identified which improved efficiency during training.

Rooftop solar potential in micro, small, and medium size enterprises: An insight into renewable energy tapping by decision-making approach

Rooftop solar micro-power plants mitigate pollution and transmission problems in crowded Indian cities. The Indian government is exploring alternate solutions, and the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) sector is also coming forward to opt for sustainable solutions. This study is focused on the MSME segment in India, which constitutes approximately 63 million entities. Installing a solar system for which a rooftop could be the best place to tap solar energy from these entities is required. Checking the rooftop solar potential of any MSME entity requires a suitable technique to decide which sector to target first and the further order. A unique methodology based on multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods is presented to rank 10 MSME alternatives with seven criteria. It includes the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) to rank MSME sectors in India with rooftop solar potential. Weights of importance are assigned with three objective techniques and combined with the Bonferroni operator. The ranks attained are compared with different MCDM methods, and sensitivity analysis is performed while changing weights. Kendall and Spearman rank correlation coefficients are utilized to access the correlation levels between various strategies. Finally, Garrett’s ranking technique is used to finalize the different ranks. The results reveal that the MARCOS method performed well, and “textiles” ranks first, followed by “auto and engineering products.” As a result, the leading industrial sectors will help improve energy utilization while concentrating on renewable energy resources.

Childhood Parental Neglect, Abuse and Rejection Among Transgender Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

We aimed to estimate the proportions of childhood parental neglect, abuse, and rejection and to evaluate the co-occurrence of these experiences among transgender women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample enrolled between July 2019 and March 2020, using an adapted version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Proportions and corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Kendall correlation with Tau-b estimator was used in the bivariate analyses. We gathered data from 139 participants. The most prevalent types of childhood traumas were emotional abuse (60.43%, 95% CI [51.79, 68.62]), physical abuse (57.55%, 95% CI [48.90, 65.89]) and sexual abuse (44.60%, 95% CI [36.18, 53.27]). Severe to extreme physical and emotional abuse occurred among 40.29% (95% CI [32.06, 48.93]) and 5.75% (95% CI [2.51, 11.02]) of participants, respectively. The proportion of parental rejection (eviction) was 32.37% (95% CI [25.04, 40.69]) and occurred with the other forms of abuse, except sexual abuse. Multiple types of childhood abuse, neglect, and parental rejection were observed among transgender women in our sample. The harmful effects of childhood abuse on the mental and physical health of people in the transgender population are of concern, particularly considering the cumulative effect produced by the co-occurrence of such events and their harmful lifetime effects. It is urgently necessary to debate and formulate public policies to ensure the right to gender expression from childhood.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR OF VULVA HYGIENE WITH PATHOLOGICAL LEUKORRHEA INCIDENCE

Vulva hygiene is important to prevent pathological vaginal discharge. Adolescent girls are susceptible to such discharge due to insufficient awareness of proper hygiene practices. A preliminary study identified instances of improper wiping techniques and failure to adequately dry the vulva before donning underwear among students. Moreover, some students reported experiencing genital itching. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between knowledge and behavior of vulva hygiene with pathological vaginal discharge This study employed a correlational cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 52 female students at Al-Hasani Islamic Boarding School, selected through total sampling. Data were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. Statistical analysis utilized Kendall's Tau correlation test. This research has passed an ethical review with letter number 1450/UN22.9/PG/2024 which considers research ethics in the form of informed consent, anonymity, privacy, confidentiality, justice, and beneficience. The results are 65.4% of respondents had good knowledge of vulva hygiene, 53.8% exhibited good vulva hygiene behavior, and 50% experienced pathological leucorrhea. Correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between knowledge (ρ value = 0.087) or behavior (ρ value = 0.582) of vulva hygiene and pathological leucorrhea incidence. Further research is needed regarding factors associated with the occurrence of pathological vaginal discharge.

Comprehensive genomic profiling from C-CAT database unveiled over 80% presence of oncogenic drivers in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma including BRAF, RAS family, NF1, and FGFR1.

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is considered a very aggressive carcinoma and has been difficult to treat with therapeutic strategies. This study examines the landscape of genomic alteration in ATC, including the BRAF V600E mutation, and its clinical implications. A retrospective observational study was conducted using collected at the Center for Cancer Genomics and Advanced Therapeutics (C-CAT) in Japan, utilizing comprehensive genomic profiling data from 102 ATC cases. Additionally, AACR-GENIE data from 267 cases were analysed for validation. Statistical methods, including the conditional Kendall tau statistic and χ2 tests, were employed for survival analysis and gene mutation comparisons. Among 102 ATCs, BRAF, RAS, and other driver mutations were found in 83 cases (81.2%). The prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations was as high as 60%. Co-mutation analysis identified different genomic profiles in the BRAF, RAS, and wild-type groups. Despite the diverse molecular backgrounds, no significant differences in clinical variables and overall survival were observed. The analysis considering left-side amputation suggested that RAS mutations had a poorer prognosis. In the BRAF/RAS wild-type group, FGFR1 and NF1 were identified as driver mutations, with an accumulation of copy number variations and less TERT promoter mutations. This molecular subgrouping was also supported by the AACR-GENIE data. Comprehensive genomic analysis of ATC in Japan revealed distinct molecular subgroups, highlighting the importance of BRAF V600E mutations, particularly V600E, as potential therapeutic targets and suggest the relevance of tailor-made therapeutic strategies based on genomic profiling.

Application of fractional derivatives in image quality assessment indices

Objective image quality assessment involves the use of mathematical models to quantitatively describe image quality. FR-IQA (Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment) methods using reference images are also often used to evaluate image processing and computer vision algorithms. Quality indices often use gradient operators to express relevant visual information, such as edges. Fractional calculus has been applied in the last two decades in various fields such as signal processing, image processing, and pattern recognition. Fractional derivatives are generalizations of integer-order derivatives and can be computed using various operators such as the Riemann-Liouville, Caputo-Fabrizio, and Grünwald-Letnikov operators. In this paper, we propose a modification of the FSIMc image quality index by including fractional derivatives to extract and enhance edges. A study of the usefulness of fractional derivative in the FSIMc model was conducted by assessing Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlations with MOS scores for images from the TID2013 and KADID-10k databases. Comparison of FD_FSIMc with the classic FSIMc shows an increase of several percent in the correlation coefficients for the modified index. The results obtained are superior to those other known approaches to FR-IQA that use fractional derivatives. The results encourage the use of fractional calculus.

What is the appropriate measure of radiology workload: Study or image numbers?

Previous studies assessing the volume of radiological studies rarely considered the corresponding number of images. We aimed to quantify the increases in study and image numbers per radiologist in a tertiary healthcare network to better understand the demands on imaging services. Using the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), the number of images per study was obtained for all diagnostic studies reported by in-house radiologists at a tertiary healthcare network in Melbourne, Australia, between January 2009 and December 2022. Payroll data was used to obtain the numbers of full-time equivalent radiologists. Across all modalities, there were 4,462,702 diagnostic studies and 1,116,311,209 images. The number of monthly studies increased from 17,235 to 35,152 (104%) over the study period. The number of monthly images increased from 1,120,832 to 13,353,056 (1091%), with computed tomography (CT) showing the greatest absolute increase of 9,395,653 images per month (1476%). There was no increase in the monthly studies per full-time equivalent radiologist; however, the number of monthly image slices per radiologist increased 399%, from 48,781 to 243,518 (Kendall Tau correlation coefficient 0.830, P-value < 0.0001). The number of monthly images per radiologist increased substantially from 2009 to 2022, despite a relatively constant number of monthly studies per radiologist. Our study suggests that using the number of studies as an isolated fundamental data set underestimates the true radiologist's workload. We propose that the increased volume of images examined by individual radiologists may more appropriately reflect true work demand and may add more weight to future workforce planning.

Application value of multi-gene mutation detection in the clinical management of pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma: a preliminary exploration.

Thyroid cancer rarely occurs in children and adolescents. Molecular markers such as BRAF, RAS, and RET/PTC have been widely used in adult PTC. It is currently unclear whether these molecular markers have equivalent potential for application in pediatric patients. This study aims to explore the potential utility of a multi-gene conjoint analysis based on next-generation targeted sequencing for pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The patients diagnosed with PTC (aged 18 years or younger) in the pediatrics department of Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were retrospectively screened. A targeted enrichment and sequencing analysis of 116 genes associated with thyroid cancer was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and paired paracancerous tissue of fifteen children (average age 14.60) and nine adults (average age 49.33) PTC patients. Demographic information, clinical indicators, ultrasonic imaging information and pathological data were collected. The Kendall correlation test was used to establish a correlation between molecular variations and clinical characteristics in pediatric patients. A sample of 15 pediatric PTCs revealed a detection rate of 73.33% (11/15) for driver gene mutations BRAF V600E and RET fusion. Compared to adult PTCs, the genetic mutation landscape of pediatric PTCs was more complex. Six mutant genes overlap between the two groups, and an additional seventeen unique mutant genes were identified only in pediatric PTCs. There was only one unique mutant gene in adult PTCs. The tumor diameter of pediatric PTCs tended to be less than 4cm (p<0.001), and the number of lymph node metastases was more than five (p<0.001). Mutations in specific genes unique to pediatric PTCs may contribute to the onset and progression of the disease by adversely affecting hormone synthesis, secretion, and action mechanisms, as well as the functioning of thyroid hormone signaling pathways. But, additional experiments are required to validate this hypothesis. BRAF V600E mutation and RET fusion are involved in the occurrence and development of adolescent PTC. For pediatric thyroid nodules that cannot be determined as benign or malignant by fine needle aspiration biopsy, multiple gene combination testing can provide a reference for personalized diagnosis and treatment by clinical physicians.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in the Household Order

Background:Clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS) is used as a parameter for achieving increased health coverage in the 2015 - 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) program, but until now it is still the center of government attention. If PHBS is not implemented properly, several diseases will emerge, including diarrhea, ARI, TB and malaria. For the implementation of PHBS to be good, there must be family support. Objective:To determine the relationship between family support and clean and healthy living behavior in the household structure of productive age in Kajar 2 Hamlet, Karangtengah, Wonosari, Gunungkidul. Method:This research is correlational research with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique uses a simple random sampling method. The sample in this study was early adulthood (18 – 40 years) as many as 67 people who lived in Kajar 2 Hamlet, Karangtengah, Wonosari, Gunungkidul. The data analysis technique uses the Kendall Tau test. Results:The results of the Kendall Tau test show that there is a relationship between family support and clean and healthy living behavior, household order in productive age in Kajar 2 Hamlet, Karangtengah, Wonosari, Gunungkidul with a p value = 0.000 (p&lt;0.05) and a closeness value of 0.724. indicates a strong relationship. Conclusion:There is a relationship between family support and clean and healthy living behavior in the household structure at productive age in Kajar 2 Hamlet, Karangtengah, Wonosari, Gunungkidul.

The Influence of Learning Style, Gender on Coqnitive Learning in Private Madrasah Aliyah

This study aims to explain how gender and learning style influence class XI students' cognitive physics learning outcomes at Madrasah-based Islamic boarding schools. This study included 459 students as participants. In order to obtain 96 students, samples were taken using random sampling methods. The information assortment instrument utilized a survey and documentation of PAS results (End of Semester Evaluation) as essential information, which was dissected subjectively and distinctly utilizing the Kruskal-Wallis test and Kendall's Tau relationship test. The consequences of this study show that the distinction in orientation learning styles isn't huge, with the predominant learning style possessed by understudies, in particular of the three existing learning styles, being specific visual, hear-able, and sensation. The connection between people's learning styles and mental learning results shows a powerless relationship.

Pengaruh Nursery Rhymes terhadap Kemampuan Kosakata Reseptif pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Trenggalek

Abstract Background: Nursery Rhymes is a song that is specifically made for children, that range from simple but happy notes and consist of lyrics that have specific meaning. While some rhymes seem designed purely to amuse, others are didactic and educational. Educational experts believe that nursery rhymes can sharpen children’s language skills. Through nursery rhymes, children can learn and understand many new vocabulary. Objectives: This study aims to find out the effect of nursery rhymes on receptive vocabulary skills in preschool children at TK Negeri Pembina Trenggalek. Methods: This study is a quantitative study with cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling with 52 respondents. The instruments used in this study were a nursery rhymes usage questionnaire and a receptive vocabulary skills test (Receptive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test). The statistical test used in this study was Kendall's Tau. Results: The result of Kendall's Tau test showed a ρ value of 0.001 (ρ &lt; 0.05) and a correlation strength of 0.428. This means that there is an effect of nursery rhymes on receptive vocabulary skills, with moderate correlation strength and positive correlation direction. That is, the more often children use nursery rhymes, the higher receptive vocabulary skills they have. Conclusion: There is an effect of nursery rhymes on receptive vocabulary skills in preschool children at TK Negeri Pembina Trenggalek. Keyword: nursery rhymes, receptive vocabulary skills, preschool children

Testing the Significance of Ranked Gene Sets in Genome-wide Transcriptome Profiling Data Using Weighted Rank Correlation Statistics.

Popular gene set enrichment analysis approaches assumed that genes in the gene set contributed to the statistics equally. However, the genes in the transcription factors (TFs) derived gene sets, or gene sets constructed by TF targets identified by the ChIP-Seq experiment, have a rank attribute, as each of these genes have been assigned with a p-value which indicates the true or false possibilities of the ownerships of the genes belong to the gene sets. Ignoring the rank information during the enrichment analysis will lead to improper statistical inference. We address this issue by developing of new method to test the significance of ranked gene sets in genome-wide transcriptome profiling data. A method was proposed by first creating ranked gene sets and gene lists and then applying weighted Kendall's tau rank correlation statistics to the test. After introducing top-down weights to the genes in the gene set, a new software called "Flaver" was developed. Theoretical properties of the proposed method were established, and its differences over the GSEA approach were demonstrated when analyzing the transcriptome profiling data across 55 human tissues and 176 human cell-lines. The results indicated that the TFs identified by our method have higher tendency to be differentially expressed across the tissues analyzed than its competitors. It significantly outperforms the well-known gene set enrichment analyzing tools, GOStats (9%) and GSEA (17%), in analyzing well-documented human RNA transcriptome datasets. The method is outstanding in detecting gene sets of which the gene ranks were correlated with the expression levels of the genes in the transcriptome data.

Hubungan Keterampilan Literasi Awal dengan Kemampuan Bahasa Ekspresif Tingkat Kata pada Anak Usia Prasekolah di RA Sunan Ampel Al-Jauhar Ngawi

Abstract Background: The education of children of preschool age is closely related to the development of children's literacy skills. The lack of readiness of early literacy skills will affect the child's success in communicating and speaking with their environment. Based on a survey conducted by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) released by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2019. Indonesia ranks 62nd out of 70 countries related to literacy rate, or is in the bottom 10 countries that have low literacy levels. Objectives: analyze the Corellation of Early Literacy Skills with Word-Level Expressive Language Skills in Preschool-Age Children at RA Sunan Ampel Al-Jauhar Ngawi. Methods: This study was a quantitative study using an observational analytic research design with a cross sectional approach. The sample size of this study was 32 respondents aged 3–6 years (preschool). The statistical test used in this study was the Kendall Tau test. Results: The Kendall's tau test results revealed that a significance value of 0.000 was obtained with corellation coefficient or a r value of 0.603 which means that the correlation value is strong and positive, so Alternative hypotheses is accepted. This means that there is a strong relationship between early literacy skills and word-level expressive language skills. The better the early literacy skills, the better the expressive language skills of children is, and vice versa. Conclusion: There is a strong and positive correlation between early literacy skills and expressive language skills in preschool children. Keywords: Early literacy skills, expressive language skills, preschoolers