Kazakhstan Society Research Articles

Propaganda of legal knowledge about Kazakhstan citizenship

In the article problematic issues surrounding the promotion of legal knowledge regarding Kazakhstan citizenship were considered, recognizing citizenship as a fundamental legal institution shaping modern Kazakhstan society's statehood. The research conducts a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the theory and practice of disseminating legal knowledge about citizenship, aiming to identify solutions to normative consolidation challenges. Through a combination of general scientific and specialized legal methods, including analysis and theoretical generalization, as well as an examination of legal norms on citizenship, the study identifies the main trends in improving legal knowledge about citizenship. The main research outcome underscores the necessity to enhance legal measures aimed at expanding the use of forms and methods for disseminating legal knowledge about Kazakhstan citizenship. As a result, the article proposes supplementing citizenship legislation with norms mandating government bodies to provide information and advice on citizenship issues. It suggests widening public awareness about the importance of citizenship as a legal institution and supplementing political and legal acts with provisions to increase Kazakhstani society's awareness of citizenship.

The role of language and education in self-identification and integration of kandas into Kazakhstan society

The purpose of this article is to determine the role of language and education in the self-identification and socioeconomic integration of repatriates into Kazakh society. The study is based on an analysis of historical materials, a comparison of statistical data and scientific works on this topic, as well as the results of field research – narrative biographical interviews with kandas, which were conducted in 3 regions of Kazakhstan: Almaty region, Esik; East Kazakhstan region, Shygys village; and North Kazakhstan region, the village of Sergeevka. These field studies were carried out in July-August 2023 under the project “Identification aspects of the integration of Kandas into Kazakh society”, dedicated to the problems of adaptation and integration of repatriates in Kazakhstan. The article examines various aspects related to language problems, such as insufficient knowledge of the Russian language, the impact of the language issue on self-identification and sociocultural adaptation and economic integration of the kandas. The article also examines the economic opportunities of repatriates depending on their level of education as well as education programs are offered by the state for young repatriates. In conclusion, the article summarizes the results and offers recommendations for improving integration mechanisms, such as strengthening language and cultural training; development of professional retraining and advanced training programs; simplification of bureaucratic procedures related to employment and obtaining documents; improving information support and consulting services for repatriates. This study is important for understanding and supporting the process of adaptation of kandas and creating a favorable environment for their socio-economic integration in Kazakh society. The results of the study can be used to develop and improve government programs aimed at supporting repatriates. The recommendations proposed in the article can help improve integration mechanisms and create more favorable conditions for the socioeconomic adaptation of the kandas. Taken together, the scientific significance of the article is manifested in its ability to expand knowledge about the processes of integration of repatriates and provide practical recommendations for improving these processes.

WEAKNESS AS A PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT AND LEGAL CATEGORY

The article is devoted to the most complex, little-studied in jurisprudence and the theory of civil law, deep-seated issues of protecting the weakness in delicate and other legal relations. The authors proceed from the fact that the effectiveness of the protection of the weakness is based on its holistic understanding of both legal and philosophical categories. Based on this, the authors draw a philosophical-semantic and lexical-legal analogy between this category and the category of a weak subject, its semantic conditionality from such philosophical categories as personality, self-worth of a person. It is proposed to consider the category of the weakness from the standpoint of its static and dynamic states, the conditionality of the effectiveness of its protection in the post-Soviet society from the development and state of effectiveness of formal institutions, as well as the ideological and value attitude of Kazakhstan society to the fundamental principles of the rule of law, formal equality and social justice The authors separately highlight the dependence of legal protection of a weak subject on the extent to which Kazakhstan's socio-legal reality realizes: a) the conditionality of a person from society, on the one hand; and b) his natural-biological and cognitive self-sufficiency, on the other. In this context, the authors make some retrospective analysis of the state of natural human rights in Kazakhstan of the Soviet period, reveal the nature and essence of the category "I". According to the authors, the category "I" in post-classical reality is a key element of such self-sufficiency. It is on the basis of their unity that reflection, comprehension and concepts of self-awareness and self-knowledge, self-identity, respect for self and other, society and the state should be built.

ҚОҒАМНЫҢ САЯСИ-ИДЕОЛОГИЯЛЫҚ ҮДЕРІСІН ФИЛОСОФИЯЛЫҚ ТАЛДАУ

Kazakhstan's political science is at the stage of formation. This means that their own explanatory models begin to be built, mainly in the field of the formation of a new political system and its components. There is almost no philosophical study of the problem of ideology in Kazakhstan. The article discusses the problem of philosophical analysis of political and ideological processes of modern transforming Kazakhstani society. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the subject field of ideological processes is studied in many Sciences. Philosophical analysis of the theory of ideology allows us to more clearly identify the main components of the ideological chain. The philosophical study of ideological processes in Kazakhstan reveals the importance of the formation of the national ideological process of Kazakhstan's society in the context of globalization.

THE ROLE OF THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF ETHNIC GROUPS OF THE REPUBLIC IN STRENGTHENING THE NATIONAL POLICY AND INDEPENDENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article analyzes the history of repressed peoples, which became the basis for the consolidation of Kazakhstan's society, the role and significance of the historical memory of the republic's population in the progressive development of the state. The study analyzes the reasons for the departure of representatives of different ethnic groups during the period of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The paper considers the search of the state and scientists for those social and political basis that served as a unifying foundation in the construction of a new national policy and strengthening the citizenship of the population of the republic. The sources for the study and the evidence base of the study were the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, statistical materials reflecting the dynamics of emigration of people from the country in the 1990s, specific measures taken by the state leadership to unite the inhabitants of our country and stabilize ethno-demographic and ethno-political processes. It is concluded that the tragic pages of the history of ethnic groups of Kazakhstan, historical memory has become the basis for consolidating the citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the present stage.

Election Results of Rural Akims in Kazakhstan: Political Analysis

The article tells about the electoral process of rural mayors, which was the first direct elections in the country. One of the priority directions of democratization of Kazakhstan's society is the reform of local public administration. 2021 year the elections of rural mayors will increase the political activity of the population and increase the electoral culture in rural areas. Most developed countries strive to improve local government and self-government models. This level of management is the closest to the population and solves the problems of satisfying the basic household needs of the population. With the rational construction of local public administration and self-government, local resources are not only optimally mastered, but also significantly increase the confidence of the population in the authorities. The election of rural mayors, which was held for the first time in the political system of the country, was undoubtedly a necessary step in the formation of the principles of political pluralism in the country, increasing the civil and social activity and political culture of the rural population.

Spiritual culture of modern youth: a cultural and philosophical analysis

The dynamics of sociocultural transformations in modern society has significantly affected the spiritual life of society and caused changes in the value orientations of a person and his spiritual being, which led to increased interest in studying the phenomenon of the spiritual culture of modernity. The problem of the spiritual culture of society is of particular importance in the context of understanding the problems of globalization of the modern world and their impact on traditional values. Information technologies, and mass communication, have changed the spiritual basis of the life of a modern person, his spiritual culture, leading to negative processes in the spiritual sphere. The end of the XX - beginning of the XXI centuries were marked by systemic transformations in Kazakh society, which inevitably led to a change of value priorities in the spiritual culture of Russians, changed the ideas of morality, decency or dishonesty of a person, modified the starting point in the assessment of morality. In this regard, it is important to understand what modifications are characteristic of the spiritual culture of Kazakh society. The most important subject of reproduction of spiritual life is youth, whose essential sociocultural characteristic is the ability to inherit and reproduce cultural patterns, transform them taking into account the changed social experience on the basis of their own innovative creativity and broadcast to future generations, thereby contributing to the development of society. Transformational processes in Kazakhstan's society and the globalization of the modern world have complicated the processes of perception, formation and consolidation of the values of the spiritual culture of young Kazakhstanis. Young people found themselves at the forefront of modern contradictions. Socializing in the conditions of an intercultural clash and the resulting uncertainty, she simultaneously internalizes various patterns intertwined in her consciousness. At the same time, as a result of an active reaction to cultural challenges, she expands her spiritual needs and interests. Under the current conditions, a young person increasingly functions as an autonomous subject, choosing among the many values and styles of spiritual life offered, which actualizes the need to study the features of the content of this culture. The study of the problems of the spiritual culture of Kazakh youth has heuristic significance due to the theoretical and methodological lack of elaboration on this problem (Chen-Bouck, Patterson, Chen, 2019).

Development of soft skills of high school students as an opportunity to implement the requirements of modern education

The article considers the main features of the formation process of “soft skills” of high school students in the training based on modern educational technologies. The first part of the article describes the features of the world and Kazakhstan society development over the past three decades, and concludes that there is a need for further reforms in the field of professional guidance in the secondary education system. Matching the needs of modern society, the latter should develop student’s not only professional orientation, but also supra-professional, “flexible”, or “soft” skills. The importance of the vocational education cycle in developing “soft skills” among secondary school pupils is also discussed. In the final part of the article an overview of advanced pedagogical technologies was given, the effectiveness of which in terms of the development of soft skills has been confirmed by both pedagogical science and practice. Significant work in this direction is implemented in further plans to address the problem of soft skills development in terms of effective career guidance work in schools in Kazakhstan. The study shows the main forms and results of the development of soft skills in modern high school in the professional education school system

ПЕРЕИЗОБРЕТЕНИЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ СУБЪЕКТНОСТИ КАЗАХОВ В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ОЛЖАСА СУЛЕЙМЕНОВА 1960-х гг.

The article is devoted to the reflection in the historiosophical works of the Kazakh poet of the sixties Olzhas Suleimenov the key plots for the formation of historical memory in the Kazakh society in the 20th century: the loss of the nomadic way of life, the museumified play of symbols of nomadic existence from the point of its no return (urban chronotope of sedentarized nomadic culture), perception the historical memory of the Kazakh society of cultural heritage of the urban culture of Central Asia, dialogized with world culture within the framework of the autochthonism concept. The studied literary and historiosophical material makes it possible to comprehend the problem of the correlation of the nomadic and the settled in the historical memory of Kazakhstan society and the presence of the cultural trauma of “being ahistorical”, overcame in the second half of the 20th century. The factors that shaped this cultural trauma include: 1) interruption of nomadic culture as a result of forced collectivization and the transfer of nomads to settled life in the 1920s–1930s; 2) historiographic tradition of describing nomadic culture as regressive and its perception by the Kazakh national intelligentsia in the 1960s–1970s through the dominant historical narrative. The way to overcome this trauma was dialogic assimilation of the cultural heritage of the medieval urban culture of Central Asia, the active archaeological research of which begins in these years in the Kazakh SSR, and inscription of the reformatted historical subjectivity in the history of civilization.

Values and Norms of Political Culture in the Public Consciousness of Kazakhstan Society

The article discusses the basic values and norms of the political culture of the Republic of Kazakhstan population on the basis of a sociological survey in the summer, 2022. The purpose of our study is to determine the values and norms in the political culture of the republic population at the present stage of the country’s political modernization. The authors analyze the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the political consciousness of the citizens of the country. Based on the survey results, a conclusion is made about the predominance of parochial and subordinate types of political culture in the mentality of the population of Kazakhstan. The trend of development of participatory political culture elements, despite attempts to implement a program of modernization of public consciousness, is not visible. The main sources of the formation of values and norms of political culture are communicative practices in reference groups, as well as official media.

Secularity in Kazakhstan society: social and philosophical analysis

The issue of secularism, which was founded by M. Luther in history and is still recognized as one of the topics of discussion, is becoming increasingly important, especially in a period of increasing weight and place of religion in world politics. This article examined the basic definition and meaning of the concept of secularism, which is the main guarantee of the stability and development of the country, as well as the principles of secularity in world practice. The researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of the nature of secularism, based on foreign scientific data and conclusions, as well as domestic scientists on this topic. Contrary to the definitions of secularism given by people with non-traditional religious worldviews, explanations were given that secularism is not atheism. The main purpose of the study is to discuss domestic and foreign research, contribute to solving problems, revealing the meaning of secularism based on the mistakes of the past and hope for the future.

ОТЫРАР КІТАПХАНАСЫНЫҢ БЕЙНЕ ЖӘНЕ НАРРАТИВ СЕМИОЗИСІ: ЖОҒАЛҒАН АҒАРТУШЫЛЫҚТЫ ІЗДЕСТІРУ БАРЫСЫНДА

The article explores the image of the Otrar library – one of the most famous places of historical memory of the Kazakh society. We traced the genealogy of this image and its reflection in 4 identified narratives of historical memory: academic (scientific), media (public history, fiction, media), folklore and official (state). The reasons for the popularity of this image, starting from the second half of the twentieth century, and the role of the scientific and creative intelligentsia in the reinvention of the historical subjectivity of the Kazakhs in the process of Soviet nation-building and the anti-religious campaign of 1958-1964, when in order to preserve the cultural heritage of medieval monuments of Central Asia within the framework of the concept autochthonism and “the struggle for progressive folk traditions”, local elites intensified archaeological research, reception and development of this heritage, derived from the classification of “religious” to the definition of “folk”. During this period, the image of medieval urban culture begins to form as a chronotope of the golden age in the historical memory of Kazakhstan society. It is there that the Great Silk Road is located, a developed urban culture, the great and tragic pages of Otrar, the Second Teacher of the world - Al-Farabi, the actualization of whose biography largely revived interest in Otrar and influenced the emergence of the image of the Otrar library in the historical memory. There, urbanization ceases to be a modern problem and becomes a cultural heritage. Within the framework of the article, the mechanisms of formation and overcoming of the cultural trauma of "non-historicity" of the sedentarized nomadic culture by the Kazakh national intelligentsia of the 1950s-1960s were studied. The Otrar library, as a place of historical memory, plays the role of the argument of the “lost enlightenment” in these narratives.

Socially significant information and issues of the Kazakhstanis’ trust in the media

This article presents the results of the sociological survey of the Kazakhstan society on the issues of the information society and mass communication, which was a part of the programtargeted-funded project of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Development of information technologies and systems for the sustainable personal development as a foundation for the development of digital Kazakhstan”. The study aimed at identifying preferences of various social categories in the choice of news and socially significant topics in the media space, and at assessing the influence of news of different thematic focus on the personal sustainable development (psychological/emotional, social and intellectual stability). The comprehensive analysis of the media as a channel of social influence has become more urgent under the pandemic, which is reflected in the wide use of the term ‘infodemic’ to assess information processes since the first half of 2020. The article considers the information agenda when choosing and assessing the importance of news content in the Kazakhstan media. Based on the postulate about significant differences in the information agenda of different social groups, the authors focus on the main factors of trust in information channels. The empirical data showed a correlation between the social significance of news information and the level of social trust in media. The study is based on the theoretical model combining two complementary factors: on the one hand, the influence of the media as possessing if not a monopoly (P. Bourdieu) then significant preferences in affecting public opinion and value orientations of various groups; on the other hand, the media dependence as determined by supply and demand. Based on various theories of the information agenda setting, the authors confirmed the need to take into account the social-demographic characteristics when forming the media content - when it is necessary to convey some specific information to different social groups.

Systematic review of the literature: the attitude of «Z» generation to new synthetic psychotropic substances (NSPS)

Synthetic drugs are one of the most pressing drug problems worldwide. The current use of new synthetic psychotropic substances (NSPS) by members of Generation «Z», known as zoomers, is a cause of great concern. Teenagers and youth are active users of social networks such as TikTok, Instagram, etc. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that due to the peculiarities of their age, they tend to search for something new, unusual, to imitate, overestimate their capabilities and can quickly fall under various influences through social networks. The aim of the study is a systematic review of scientific research on drug use by adolescents and the attitude of «Z» generation to NSPS. The research method is a systematic review that allows both qualitative and quantitative results of empirical research to be systematically integrated into the analysis. Study results: «Z» generation is at higher risk of developing substance abuse problems than previous age groups due to their obsession with social networks. It has been established that this is a problem mostly in adolescence; most disorders associated with the use of NSPS begin precisely in adolescence. It is revealed that the Internet plays an important role in the relationship between youth and NSPS, there is a positive relationship between the use of NSPS and suicide. The practical significance of the study - the prevalence of NSPS among modern youth in the global perspective makes this area of research especially relevant for the future of Kazakhstan society from a sociological point of view. There is a need for a deeper study of the practice of the use of NSPS by youth and the use of a social network for the drug trafficking. Keywords: «Z» generation, young people, NSPS, new drugs, systematic review.

The phenomenon of tolerance/intolerance as a reflection of radicalist trends in the conditions of Kazakhstan society

Some manifestations of radicalistic sentiments in Kazakhstan have developed in recent years due to the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of the population, which has led to social and economic insecurity, an increase in unemployment. Corruption, which has engulfed all echelons of the Kazakhstani government, increasing awareness of social injustice in society, has also caused the loss of former ideals, the devaluation of values. And, if in many countries of the post-Soviet space radicalism has taken the forms of various extremist groups, in Kazakhstan it has long been latent and unexpressed. However, the events of recent days have shown that radicalism also takes place in Kazakhstan; from peaceful rallies, where economic issues were raised, first of all, it turned into mass manifestations of disobedience to the authorities, terrorist attacks, and violence against law enforcement officials. In this regard, the problem of studying tolerance/intolerance as a reflection of radicalistic tendencies in the conditions of Kazakh society has been actualized. The object of the study is Kazakhstani student youth. The subject of the study is the features of the manifestation of tolerance/intolerance of a person as an expression of a predisposition to radicalistic sentiments. The purpose of the study is to conduct an empirical study of the characteristics of the manifestation of tolerance/intolerance of a person as an expression of a predisposition to radicalistic sentiments. To achieve the goal, a methodological toolkit was compiled, including 3 methods. Testing was conducted using the Google Forms platform. Based on the analysis of the results obtained, it was concluded that a socio-psychological phenomenon - tolerance/intolerance, which is a reflection of radicalistic tendencies, is determined by gender differences, in-group favoritism, moods, mentality, worldview, youth values. Key words: tolerance/intolerance, radicalism, radicalistic tendencies, Kazakhstani student youth, susceptibility, etc.

FEATURES OF THE ATTITUDE OF KAZAKHSTAN PEOPLE TO RALLIES

The article reveals the issues of the attitude of the Kazakhstan society to the rallies. The study of the works of domestic and foreign authors on this issue allowed us to analyze the reasons that determine the peculiarities of the perception of protests by the population. The results of the analysis of focus groups conducted within the framework of the AP08857524 scientific project "Protest potential in Kazakhstan: features, factors and trends" allowed us to identify factors of positive and negative attitude of Kazakhstan people to rallies.

Opportunities and trends in the emergence of religious extremism and terrorism in Kazakhstan society

Religious extremism manifests itself mainly in the deterioration of the socio-economic situation of the country, the decline in the living conditions of the population, dissatisfaction of people with the government and its policy, as well as in the presence of moral and psychological factors affecting the life of people. Harmony with ethnic traditions plays an important role in the system of religious education and methods of combating extremism. In the program for the Prevention of religious terrorism and extremism, it is important to determine the relationship between traditions and religious beliefs in the national culture, harmoniously developing relations between the state and religion, secular society, ensuring social stability and internal security. At the beginning of the years of independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan, all the main efforts to strengthen the state were made to increase the economic potential. Due to the fact that the state did not give a clear direction to the people on the issue of religion, the Kazakh people began to get information about religion and religious sermons from representatives of various religious movements. After arriving religious people from outside and firmly settled on their feet, it became clear that religion has no national split and forms a religious cosmopolitan environment in our country, and now, as you know, in the "January events" in Almaty. Keywords: religion, extremism, terrorism, Islamic Civilization, fundamentalism.

Kazakhstan society in the sociological dimension (based on the results of an in-depth interview and a formalized expert survey)

The social structure of Kazakh society is undergoing an intensive process of transformation. The social and economic policies of recent decades in the country, as well as the impact of global trends, have influenced changes in the social structure in Kazakhstan. The pandemic and the post-pandemic period have added a new dimension to the change in social stratification, and social classes and strata different from traditional societies have begun to emerge around new production relationships. The article, based on the in-depth interview and formalized survey of experts, shows that the distance and mobility between the layers can vary significantly, depending on the subjective stratification through the values and culture of society, Economic and political systems and many other factors. This and other things will lead to a new social structure that transforms traditional social security systems that are designed to reduce poverty and stratification and to regulate income distribution. The main dis- course of contemporary research on social structure and stratification is limited to conceptual discus- sions about social classes. The lack of quantitative and qualitative studies of social stratification and the lack of available representative data limits the complex and multi-level approaches in the study. In the article based on the conducted study, it is established that the Kazakh society is stratified in various forms by abstract or specific criteria. Key words: social structure, society, stratification, modernization, measurement.

Проблемы предотвращения коррупции в Казахстане и международные антикоррупционные нормы

Corruption crime in Kazakhstan can be reduced primarily through preventive measures. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the norms of the current Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Law of the Republic of November 18, 2015 «On Combating Corruption» and, in general, criminal anti-corruption legislation. The article emphasizes that the fight against corruption will be more successful if a new Kazakhstan law «On the prevention of corruption as a crime, as a social phenomenon» is developed and adopted. It is necessary to form a negative attitude towards corruption in society. It is necessary to strengthen the role of anticorruption institutions in Kazakhstan society. It is importrant to strengthen the role and importance of public councils, expert councils under the ministries and departments of the Republic, which could raise and discuss issues of an anti-corruption nature. Basic and special international anti-corruption standards are formulated by the norms of international treaties, agreements, conventions that regulate the fight against corruption. That is why the article underlines that thanks to such international standards, it is possible to prevent corruption crime and reduce its level.

Этноконфессиональные процессы в Республике Казахстан в 1991 - начале 2010-х гг.

The article posed the task of studying the main trends of ethnoconfessional processes, traditions and innovations in the sphere of religious ritual of the rural population in Kazakhstan from the early 1990s, during the difficult period of the formation of a sovereign state and the transformation of the socioeconomic foundations of Kazakhstan society. The analysis of confessional processes in Kazakhstan showed a significant increase in the prestige of religion, which is perceived positively by representatives of various ethnic groups. Religious affiliation was dominated by Islam and Orthodoxy, due to the predominance of Kazakhs and Russians in the population. However, part of the Kazakhs and Russians switched from Islam and Orthodoxy to Protestantism, Buddhism and other faiths, which indicates the heterogeneity of faiths in modern Kazakhstan.A study of religious identification in relation to religion revealed that, due to cultural traditions interrupted by the Soviet regime, the religious behavior of the majority of the population is passive, since there are only a small group of active believers who fulfill all religious canons, ethnically more religious among European ethnic groups - Germans and the Eastern - the Uyghurs. As for religious rituals, the main religious holidays and religious rites of the family cycle have entered into the life of most Kazakhstanis. Religion is becoming an important cultural phenomenon.