Kastamonu City Research Articles

EXPERIENCING URBAN SMELLS WHEN WALKING: Kastamonu City Case

AbstractUrban experiences are increasing in popularity every day. In these experiences sensory elements are significant, and a review of the urban environment, in which visual perceptions have prevailed in the past, would demonstrate that other senses are important as well. As Le Corbusier remarked, urban experiences can be achieved by walking with a wide perspective. In the present study scent walks were conducted to reveal the significance of the scent factor in urban experience. As a result of these walks, the existing scents in Kastamonu city, the role of the scents in urban memory, and their effects on individuals were determined, thus emphasizing the significance of scents for urban planning and design.

A cellular automata-based approach for spatio-temporal modeling of the city center as a complex system: The case of Kastamonu, Türkiye

Cities are located at the intersection of global interactions and analytical modeling of space is an essential progression to understand the organizational structure of today's cities, which consist of complex networks and self-organizing processes that affect their nonlinear development. The cellular automata-Markov chain (CA-MC) modeling is a preferred method in predictive modeling and land use change studies of complex systems. It is widely used in modeling land use/land cover change. In this paper, the land use change between 1985-2021 in the Kastamonu city center has been examined within the framework of complexity theory. It is aimed to develop a quantitative model for the comparative measurement of temporal complexity variation. In this context, scenarios were designed with two basic approaches; self-organizing and planned city center development and simulations were made for the years 2031 and 2057. The agreement of the model was tested with Kappa statistical values, which resulted to be >0.9438. • The planned city center scenario is modeled as more complex than self-organizing scenario in terms of functionality. • In the self-organizing city center, the level of morphological complexity is higher. • The Kappa statistic (K Location : 0.9861) indicates the suitability for complexity modeling.

Comparative study of the analytical hierarchy process, frequency ratio, and logistic regression models for predicting the susceptibility to Ips sexdentatus in Crimean pine forests

The six-toothed bark beetle Ips sexdentatus is one of the most important pests of coniferous trees that can cause extensive tree mortality, and change the structure and composition of forest ecosystems. Many abiotic and biotic factors affect the infestation of bark beetles. Early detection of forest stands predisposed to bark beetle infestations will benefit from reducing the impacts of possible infestations. The study focused on the production and comparison of Ips sexdentatus susceptibility maps using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), frequency ratio (FR), and logistical regression (LR) models. The research was carried out in the Crimean pine forests of the Taşköprü Forest Enterprise in Kastamonu City in the Western Black Sea region of Türkiye. The eight main criteria used to produce the map were the stand structure, site index, crown closure, stand age, slope, elevation, maximum temperature, and solar radiation. The map of the infested stands was used for the models' validation. Crown closure was determined as the one of the most important factors in all three models. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) were used to determine the accuracy of the maps. The validation results showed that the AUC for the FR model was 0.747, for the AHP model was 0.716, and for the LR model was 0.638. The results revealed that the FR model was more accurate than the other models in producing an I. sexdentatus susceptibility map. Besides, the AHP model was also reasonably accurate. This study could help decision makers to produce bark beetle susceptibility maps easily and rapidly so they can take the necessary precautions to slow or prevent infestations.

Evaluation of Optimal Area Usage in Kastamonu City Center in terms of Landscape Planning

Evaluation of Optimal Area Usage in Kastamonu City Center in terms of Landscape Planning

Geleneksel Kastamonu Konut Mimarisinin Cumhuriyet Dönemi Sivil Mimarisine Yansımaları

Bu çalışmada Kastamonu’daki geleneksel mimari üslubun günümüzde inşa edilmiş modern yapılara etkisini örnek yapılar üzerinden ortaya koymak amaç edinilmiştir. Böylece günümüz Kastamonu kentinde mimari tarzı şekillendiren unsurlar, bu unsurların nedenleri ve bunların modern mimariye etkileri birlikte açıklanmıştır. Kent merkezinde geleneksel dokunun Hisarardı, Cebrail, Akmescit, Honsanlar, Atabeygazi, İsmailbey, Topçuoğlu ve İsfendiyar mahalleleri ve bu yerlere yakın bölgelerde yoğunlaştığı görülmektedir. Kastamonu’da kentsel sit alanlarının bulunması ve Kastamonu Belediyesi’nin 2015-2019 yılları arasındaki sokak iyileştirme çalışmaları ile modern yapılarda da geleneksel dokuya öykünülerek inşa edilen yapılar nicel olarak artış göstermiştir. Kentte geleneksel dokuya öykünme çabaları; konaklar, apartmanlar, siteler, villa tipi evler vb. konutların yanı sıra kamu kurumları ile özerk ve yarı özerk kurumlar tarafından inşa ettirilen hizmet binaları, ticaret yapıları, park, bahçe, meydan ve refüjlerdeki simgesel peyzaj düzenlemelerinde inşa edilen işlevsel ve dekoratif yapılarda görülür.

Evaluation of Optimal Area Usage in Kastamonu City Center in terms of Landscape Planning

Nowadays, natural and cultural resources are being rapidly depleted. However, protection approaches that can be effective against this situation are not exhibited. Existing resources are at risk of extinction with to use incorrect of space. In order to be able to make the right resource use and planning decisions, it is necessary to determine the optimal area uses considering the ecological basis. The study was conducted at the border urban area of Kastamonu province. Natural and cultural resource values have been examined to determine area uses. In the first phase, the literature search is completed. Then field inventory studies were carried out. In the second phase; numerical suitability maps have been established for three different field types of agriculture, forest, settlement areas. Geographic Information Systems program, that ArcGIS 10.0 software, was used as a tool. Finally, the optimal fitness of the digitized areas has been determined. Potential resource values of Kastamonu city center, due to incorrect use of areas and lack of planning, was determined not adequately assessed. To prevent incorrect use of space; local governments are required to make area utilization decisions in a short time. Making the environmentally sensitive planning studies, to provide tourism within the protection-utilization balance of resources and it has been found that the promotion of the promotion is very economically important. It has been determined that there is misuse in the study where ecological conformities of existing natural and cultural resources are tested. It has been determined that resource values for these areas have deteriorated due to misuse. The reason behind all this is unconscious urbanization. It has been determined that sustainable resource use will not be possible due to this pressure.

KASTAMONU İLİ VAHŞİ DEPOLAMA ALANI TOPRAKLARINDA AĞIR METAL KONSANTRASYONLARININ İNCELENMESİ

The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of domestic dumpsite on the some soil chemical properties in the surface soils in Kastamonu city. The soil samples were collected from the 5 different distances namely; Very adjacent (VA), Adjacent (A), Middle (M), Far (F) and Very far (VF). The results showed that the accumulation of heavy metal in the soil varied significantly with the distances. Among the heavy metals, the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu (only A and VA), Zn (only A and VA), Ni (except for M) exceeded the Maximum Allowable Limit (MAL) for Turkey values. However, the concentrations of Mo, Pb and Cd were below the MAL limit values. When all results are considered, it can be stated that the waste dumpsites can negatively affect the environment. Therefore, we make sure that the dumped materials should be concentrated and recycled in order to decrease the amount of heavy metals in the dumpsites and in the soils around the dumpsites. In addition, phytoremediation, which is all the remediation technique available for metal contaminated soils, is the most costly, environmentally friendly and easy to apply. Phytoremediation can be used to remove, displace or reduce contaminants from soil by using plants that hyperaccumulate these contaminants.

Kastamonu Karaçomak Havzasının Kentsel Gelişim Alanlarında Yeraltı Suyu Beslenimi Açısından Ekolojik Etki Değerlendirme

Araştırma kapsamında, Kastamonu Kenti‘nin kuzeyinde yer alan kentsel gelişim alanında yeraltı suyu beslenimi açısından ekolojik etkinin değerlendirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda kentsel gelişim alanı, peyzajın fonksiyonlarından biri olan su geçirimliliği ve arazi örtüsü açısından irdelenerek, kentsel gelişimden önce ve kentsel gelişimden sonra yeraltı suyu beslenimindeki değişim seviyesinin tespit edilmesi amacı ile ekolojik etki değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve geçirimli yüzeylerdeki değişimin yeraltı suyu beslenimini etkilememesi için öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında kullanılan yöntemler ile kentleşme ve peyzaj üzerindeki diğer müdahaleler sonucu yeraltı suyu ve su tutma kapasitesindeki olumsuz değişim ortaya konulabilmektedir. Bu çalışma, yapılacak kent planlama çalışmaları ile potansiyel müdahalelerin olası sonuçlarının öngörülmesi ve olumsuz etkilerin bertaraf edilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Öte yandan söz konusu olumsuzlukların planlama ve/veya uygulama sonrası araştırılması yerine, yeraltı suyu beslenimi ve yüzey akışı potansiyeli dahil, peyzaj fonksiyonu olarak ifade edilen kilit ekolojik süreçlerin irdelendiği peyzaj planlarının çok katmanlı mekânsal planlama sürecinin öncelikli eylem alanı olması önemlidir.

Kastamonu‘da Su Ürünleri Tüketim Tercihleri ve Balık Talebi

Balık insan sağlığı açısından önemli bir besin kaynağıdır. Üç tarafı denizler ile çevrili olmasına rağmen Türkiye‘de balık talebi yeterli değildir. Bir malın talebini başta tüketici geliri ve fiyatı olmak üzere pek çok faktör belirlemektedir.128.537 kişilik nüfusa sahip Kastamonu şehir merkezinde tüketicilerin balık tüketim tercihlerini, sıklığını belirlemek amacıyla anket uygulanmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre Kastamonu şehir merkezinde balık tüketimi arzulanan seviyede değildir. Üstelik fiyatı kırmızı ete göre daha düşük olmasına rağmen gelir düzeyi düşük olan kesim tarafından tercih edilmemektedir. Balık tüketiminin büyük kısmı gelir düzeyi yüksek olanlar tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir.

Financial Literacy in Agricultural Products Industry: The Case of Kastamonu


 
 The aim of this study
 was to reveal the literacy in banking sector of real or legal bank clients who
 have the right to take commercial and agricultural loans, have bank accounts
 and are operating in agricultural products industry in Kastamonu city center
 and districts, and which groups are more financially literate. In the study,
 the data was acquired by using face-to-face survey method with 400 real and
 legal persons who are operating in agricultural products industry, and it was
 determined that the financial literacy level of bank clients increase as the
 educational level increases. In the survey created in order to measure their
 knowledge about banking, among the answers given by those concerned, we have
 tried to determine problems that were considered to be related to each other.
 Considering the results obtained from the research, suggestions were developed,
 regarding what must be done in order to improve the banking sector literacy of
 bank clients in Kastamonu. The survey data indicate that the farmers are not
 attending to the banking sector at a professional level.

HOW WE MAKE OUR HOUSING DECISIONS? A RESEARCH IN KASTAMONU

Generally housing is accepted as a basic human need in economy. This increases the importance of housing in economic decisions. There exist many factors influencing housing decisions of consumers. Meanwhile construction industry has occupied an important place in Turkish economy which performs higher economic growth in recent years. The aim of this research is to investigate housing decisions of Turkish consumers. To this aim, construction industry and housing decisions of consumers are analyzed in this research. Then we conducted a survey in Kastamonu city and analyzed results of this survey. As a result of this research it is revealed that factors about financial, location, exterior and interior design, environment has influenced housing decisions of consumers.

Use of green area of Kastamonu: Case study of Clock Tower

The aim of the study is to show which areas mainly prefered when the people want to carry out recreational activities in the Kastamonu city center and determine the appropriateness of this area for recreative activity. A questionnaire study was conducted with 100 randomly selected people in order to determine the most frequently used open green area in terms of recreational activity in Kastamonu and the results showed that 89% of the participants prefer the Clock Tower. Thus Clock Tower was determined as a research area in this study. It is revealed the current state of the Clock Tower in scope of the study, plants are used in this area and the purpose of use of these plants is determined and how frequently users use this area and the reasons for not frequent use. In addition, activities that are effected in the area and changes in mood after using the area. The second survey study was conducted on users of the area consisting of 118 people. It is revealed space features existing at Clock Tower and events area identified after that space features that users want to be in this area and events areas. Thus, the aim of the area is to determine the users' expectations and the deficiencies and problems in this area.

Defining the effects of urban expansion on land use/cover change: a case study in Kastamonu, Turkey.

In addition to the growing world population, continuous migration from rural areas to city centers leads to rapid population growth in urban centers, bringing with it a change in land use/cover in those areas. This change usually manifests itself as an increase in artificial surfaces and a decrease in agricultural areas and forestlands. However, agricultural areas and forests in the vicinity of city centers contain sensitive ecosystems that require careful monitoring. It is crucial that the impact of population growth in the city centers on these areas is determined. This study aims to determine the changes in the land cover in Kastamonu city center between 1999 and 2014. As part of the study, changes in the population of the city center, as well as in the use of urban spaces within the past 15years, were investigated to determine how population growth affected land use/cover. Changes in land use/cover were assessed under 12 classes with the use of remote sensing methods on stand-type maps created by the aerial photos. According to the results of the study, a 519.5-ha agricultural area and a 86-ha forest area became artificial surfaces in 1999 and 2014.

Use of green area of Kastamonu: Case study of Clock Tower

The aim of the study is to show which areas mainly prefered when the people want to carry out recreational activities in the Kastamonu city center and determine the appropriateness of this area for recreative activity. A questionnaire study was conducted with 100 randomly selected people in order to determine the most frequently used open green area in terms of recreational activity in Kastamonu and the results showed that 89% of the participants prefer the Clock Tower. Thus Clock Tower was determined as a research area in this study. It is revealed the current state of the Clock Tower in scope of the study, plants are used in this area and the purpose of use of these plants is determined and how frequently users use this area and the reasons for not frequent use. In addition, activities that are effected in the area and changes in mood after using the area. The second survey study was conducted on users of the area consisting of 118 people. It is revealed space features existing at Clock Tower and events area identified after that space features that users want to be in this area and events areas. Thus, the aim of the area is to determine the users' expectations and the deficiencies and problems in this area.

Urban silhouette design: A case study of Kastamonu

Aim of study: Kastamonu has a silhouette of the city that is similar to the structure and textures but varies from architectural and aesthetic perspective. In this study, it was aimed to design the city silhouette which is suitable to Kastamonu and the best describe the city. Area of study: Kastamonu City Material and Methods: Because the silhouette can be created, a questionnaire was applied to 105 people living in Kastamonu. The results of the questionnaire determined the urban items that stand out in the city of Kastamonu and Urban silhouettes were created by the landscape architecture researcher using the determined items. In order to understand whether the final design serves its purpose, a second questionnaire was applied to 52 people who were knowledgeable and experienced in design, and the product success was tested. Main results: The most suitable urban silhouette was created for Kastamonu and The results show that the created silhouette with the help of some criteria can the urban silhouette of Kastamonu. Research highlights: Urban silhouette is the most important element in the evaluation of urban aesthetics and the guiding elements in reaching the urban whole. Kastamonu is an Anatolian city which has historical heritage and history. It is extremely important to create and use urban silhouette suitable for the city that emphasizes these features of the city.

Effect of Social Relations on Life Quality in Traditional Texture and New Habitats

In this study, social life and the status of social relations of individuals living in Hepkebirler District and Inonu District, one that has an extremely traditional texture and the other is one of the new habitat regions in Kastamonu City, respectively, are determined. A 10-question set was asked in the survey with the purpose to investigate the issue. The result of the survey shows that the most positive estimations were ‘has an intensive population’ for Inonu District and ‘being peaceful and tranquil’ for the other. In addition, most negative opinion was that ‘costs of the residence and rents are cheap in the environment where I live’ for both districts. However, this condition is more pressing for Inonu District as a new living location. Keywords: Life quality, social structure, Kastamonu.

Water Quality Index (WQI) for Main Source of Drinking Water (Karaçomak Dam) in Kastamonu City, Turkey

Karacomak Dam is main source of drinking water in Kastamonu city (Turkey) for this reason, In this study used Water quality index which provides a single value to express overall quality based on 13 variables that were determined during the period between September 2015 until July 2016. Sampling points chosen as described by first station at intake point of the drinking water supply for Kastamonu city, second station was opposite intake point of the drinking water supply about (449) m along at main dam. The parameters namely Electrical Conductivity (EC), pH, Temperature (T), Dissolved oxygen (DO), Turbidity (TUR), Total hardness (Ha), Total alkalinity, Ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N), Nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), Phosphate (PO4-P), Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed according to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. The resulted WQI shows that (35.5 and 32.4) for sites (S1 and S2) respectively. On the other hand, there was significant temporal variations in water quality index among poor quality to excellent quality whereas that January 2016 showed high level of deterioration at (S1, S2), this may be due to starting the winter 2016 where high contribution from runoff at downstream areas which increase of deterioration body water in the Dam. The results clearly show that Water Quality index (WQI) was useful tool to obtain the right decision and evaluating water quality. In future, evaluation of water quality in Karacomak dam should be given main priority of using the microbiological parameters with physico-chemical parameters in WQI calculations and to water quality monitoring.

Determining the bioclimatic comfort in Kastamonu City.

Bioclimatic comfort defines the optimal climatic conditions in which people feel healthy and dynamic. Bioclimatic comfort mapping methods are useful to urban managers and planners. For the purposes of planning, climatic conditions, as determined by bioclimatic comfort assessments, are important. Bioclimatic components such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speeds are important in evaluating bioclimatic comfort. In this study of the climate of Kastamonu province, the most suitable areas in terms of bioclimatic comfort have been identified. In this context, climate values belonging to the province of Kastamonu are taken from a total of nine meteorological stations. Altitude (36-1050m) between stations is noted for revealing climatic changes. The data collected from these stations, including average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed values are transferred to geographical information system (GIS) using ArcMap 10.2.2 software. GIS maps created from the imported data has designated the most suitable comfort areas in and around the city of Kastamonu. As a result, the study shows that Kastamonu has suitable ranges for bioclimatic comfort zone. The range of bioclimatic comfort value for Kastamonu is 17.6°C. It is between a comfort ranges which is 15-20°C. Kastamonu City has suitable area for bioclimatic comfort.

Fen Ve Teknoloji Öğretmenlerinin Ölçme-Değerlendirmede Kavram Haritası Kullanım Durumları

Science and Technology Teachers’ Uses of Concept Maps for Measurement-Evaluation. The significance of measurement and evaluation in the learning process has been reflected in all phases of the educational process. In this study, it was intended to analyse the usage of concept map by science teachers in the assessment process. The sample of this qualitative research was conducted with 29 science and technology teachers who were employed in Kastamonu City. The data were collected by structured questions aiming at revealing the teachers' perspectives towards the concept maps, and two different concept maps which were structured to assess the aspects of concept map scoring. The obtained data were analysed with descriptive and content analysis methods. Even though the findings revealed that teachers consider concept maps as an effective technique and use concept maps in lessons; they have lack of knowledge and practice. In the light of the findings, it was concluded that science and technology teachers were deficient on using concept maps in the measurement and evaluation process. In this regard, it is recommended that the teachers be informed and trained through in-service courses about both theoretical and practical knowledge required in employing concept maps in educational applications.

An investigation on the usage of plant material in open green spaces in Kastamonu city center.

Acik yesil alanlar hem fizyolojik hem psikolojik acidan son derece onemlidir. Calisma kapsaminda Kastamonu kent merkezinde bulunan yogun kullanima sahip sekiz kamusal acik yesil alanda kullanilan bitki materyali degerlendirilmis olup bu alanlarda bitki sayimi ve incelemeleri yapilarak odunsu bitkilerin turleri, sayilari, ozellikleri ve kullanim amaclari irdelenmistir. Sonuc olarak Kastamonu kamusal acik yesil alanlarinda toplamda 43 farkli bitki taksonunun kullanildigi ortaya cikmistir. Bu alanlarda kullanilan bitkilerin daha cok estetik amacli kullanildigi, fonksiyonel acidan kullanimlarinin yaygin olmadigi calisma kapsaminda belirlenmistir