Kansas State Research Articles

Iowa State, Kansas State Split 2022 National Crops Contests

CSA NewsVolume 68, Issue 2 p. 51-52 STUDENTS Iowa State, Kansas State Split 2022 National Crops Contests First published: 22 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/csan.20956Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume68, Issue2February 2023Pages 51-52 RelatedInformation

Using telehealth clinical case vignettes to enhance clinical confidence and competence in veterinary students.

Veterinarians contribute substantially to the health of their patients and enhance the communities in which they live. Delivery of veterinary curricula continues to evolve to ensure that veterinary graduates are prepared to meet their professional obligations on Day One of their careers. In this study, veterinary practitioners were recruited to deliver telehealth case rounds to veterinary students at Kansas State University and Texas A&M University. Case discussions were hosted virtually once per month in the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 academic years for a total of 16 sessions. Each presenting practitioner was instructed to develop a brief presentation for a case routinely seen in their practice, and to discuss important clinical decision points in diagnosis, treatment and management. Cases could also highlight important ethical or communication issues encountered in veterinary medicine. The overall goals of this project were to increase the quantity and diversity of clinical cases to which veterinary students were exposed during their professional training and to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of telehealth technology as a teaching strategy. Student participants were surveyed to determine the effectiveness of telehealth sessions in increasing overall confidence and competence in case management, and veterinary presenters were surveyed to determine motivations for participating in the project and perceived value of the telehealth sessions. More than 95% of students indicated that participation in telehealth sessions increased their clinical confidence and competence. Presenting practitioners unanimously indicated that they would participate in similar instruction in the future. Recommendations are provided to improve the educational experience for future adopters of telehealth teaching sessions.

“In Honorable Remembrance to All Generations”: Commemoration and the Making of Mormon Battalion Memory, 1921–2021

“In Honorable Remembrance to All Generations”: Commemoration and the Making of Mormon Battalion Memory, 1921–2021

2021 Kansas State University Industrial Hemp Dual-Purpose Variety and Planting Date Trials

Hemp is a broad term used to describe the many varieties of Cannabis sativa L. that produce less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The crop is globally significant, but only recently was allowed to be grown again in the United States. There are many uses for industrial hemp, and the market for industrial hemp is rapidly growing as more states are legalizing its production. The market for industrial hemp exceeded $205 million in 2020 and could surpass $310 million by 2028 (Global Market Insights Inc., 2020). The main components of the industrial hemp market are oil, seeds, and fiber. Varieties have been selected for improved fiber and grain production that can service these markets. However, little research-based information is available regarding adapt­ability or production of these varieties in Kansas (Griffin et al., 2020; 2021). Hemp could be used to diversify both crop rotations and market opportunities for growers.

Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation by Dual-Purpose Hemp and Concurrent Soil Profile Water Depletion at Manhattan, KS, in 2021

Hemp has garnered interest as a potential crop that is not constrained by the typical food, feed, and fuel market channels. Although hemp varieties are available for the production of either grain, fiber, or both (dual-purpose: both grain and fiber) markets, little research-based information is available on hemp growth and water use in Kansas environments. In 2019, Kansas State University researchers began conducting experi­ments to characterize hemp growth, nutrient uptake, and soil water depletion at three locations representing the precipitation gradient across Kansas. In 2021, one fiber and one grain variety were evaluated with and without fertilizer nitrogen. Soil water content and biomass accumulation were monitored in plots with full nitrogen fertil­izer. Multiple plantings of the experiment at Haysville had to be abandoned because heavy rains soon after planting prevented successful stand establishment. The Colby experiment was abandoned because dry soils prevented successful stand establishment. Results from the experiment at Manhattan confirmed the benefit of nitrogen fertilizer, which roughly doubled total biomass yield. Although total biomass yield was similar for the two varieties, more of that yield was partitioned to grain in the grain variety, and stalks in the fiber variety. Nutrient uptake patterns were similar to those observed the previous year, with nitrogen and potassium accumulation occurring at a faster rate than dry matter, and phosphorus accumulation lagging that of dry matter. Carbon accumu­lation closely followed total dry matter accumulation. Hemp appeared to extract soil water to a depth of 5 feet because soil water content did not change at deeper depths. The sum of net depletion of the soil profile water plus precipitation was 14.64 inches, but some of the precipitation came in intense events causing a portion to run off. As an indeterminate species, hemp continues vegetative growth after flowering begins, increasing the probability that some grain will be produced even when resources are limited. Across three experiments conducted in Kansas in 2020 and 2021, stalk yields have varied by a factor of 1.5, and grain yields by a factor of 13.3. Relatively stable stalk yield coupled with more variable grain yield reveals hemp’s potential ability to adjust growth to match the inconsistent growing conditions typical of Kansas.

Corn and Soybean Production – 2022 Summary

Soybean and corn varieties were tested in replicated field trials at the Southeast Research and Extension Center in Parsons through the Kansas State University variety testing program. In total, nine corn varieties and three maturity checks were tested. Fourteen full season and ten double-cropped soybean varieties were tested, with three maturity checks. Additionally, sorghum and sunflower varieties were tested. The 2022 summer crop growing season was challenging. High temperatures and low rainfall reduced crop production. Crop production was severely impacted by the hot, dry conditions, both across the state and in the cultivar trials at Parsons. No yield results are available for the variety tests from Parsons.

A scientometric review of the peer-reviewed research on high tunnels in the United States

Abstract This study assessed the extant literature related to the use of high tunnels (HTs) in agricultural systems in the United States since the 2009 launch of the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) High Tunnel Initiative. This NRCS program led to an increase in HT adoption nationwide. The literature searches were conducted using the Web of Science (WoS) database. The final sample was 133 peer-reviewed articles published between 2009 and February 2023. We used CiteSpace 6.2.R1 and Gephi 0.9.2 to conduct co-citation, co-author, co-institution, and clustering techniques. The findings showed that the peer-reviewed literature about HT use has increased since 2009, substantially rising between 2017 and 2021. Horticulture was the top subject category in the literature, and most articles were published in peer-reviewed journals of the American Society for Horticultural Science (i.e., HortTechnology and HortScience). The research field evolved from general HT practices, nutrient management, and plant pathology to focus on trials of specific crops and integrated pest management. The institutions with the most contributions to the HT literature were Kansas State University, the University of Florida, Michigan State University, Purdue University, and the University of Minnesota. The patterns of HT research revealed in this study offer a greater understanding of the current state of knowledge to inform the focus of future research.

Policing Sex in the Sunflower State: The Story of the Kansas State Industrial Farm for Women

Policing Sex in the Sunflower State: The Story of the Kansas State Industrial Farm for Women

Nature of Romantic Relationship in Committed Emerging Adults: Exploring Challenges and Resilience

Among Indian urban youth, individualism and autonomy are growing and there are fewer restrictive social norms and more visibility of non-arranged romantic relationships in contemporary India (Gala and Kapadia in Psychol Dev Soc 26:115–141, 2014). Establishing and maintaining relationships, accompanied by the goal of finding a long-term partner, are pivotal aspects during the stage of emerging adulthood (Mayseless and Keren in Emerg Adulthood 2:63–73, 2014). This necessitates understanding aspects that contribute to longevity, despite the challenges that come in the lives of young adults. The present phenomenological study sought to explore the nature and development, challenges experienced and resilient elements of romantic relationships in committed emerging adults. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven couples individually (7 men, 7 women) in the age range of 21–25 years, residing in New Delhi belonging to the middle and upper middle class. The data analysis included transcription of interviews and thematic coding of transcripts, within-case analysis for each couple and a cross-case analysis to highlight the emerging themes across the profiles. The findings revealed three main categories: couples who were ambiguous about their relationship, couples who experienced stability in their relationship and a couple whose relationship culminated in marriage. Several cross-couple themes emerged. Finally, alongside Sibley’s theory of resilient commitment (Exploring the theory of resilient commitment in emerging adulthood: A qualitative inquiry. (Publication no. 3708489) [Doctoral dissertation, Kansas State University]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2015), other elements of resilience emerged: contribution of partner to personal growth, willingness to engage in self-work, learnings from the past relationship and notions of other relationships. In conclusion, the study captured the voices of young adults, their challenges and hopes regarding their romantic relationships contributing to Indian literature.

A Scientometric Review of Grain Storage Technology in the Past 15 Years (2007-2022) Based on Knowledge Graph and Visualization.

Food storage helps to ensure the food consumption needs of non-agricultural populations and to respond to major natural disasters or other emergencies, and the application of food storage technology can reduce post-harvest food losses. However, there are still obvious shortcomings in coping with large grain losses. Therefore, quantitative analysis of the research hotspots and evolutionary trends of grain storage technology is important to help the development of grain storage technology. This article uses the Web of Science database from 2007 to 2022 as a data sample with the help of CiteSpace software to analyze the basic situation, research hotspots, and evolutionary trends to draw a series of relevant knowledge maps. Visual analysis revealed that the number of publications had grown rapidly since 2015. First, the Journal of Stored Products Research, Journal of Economic Entomology, and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, with citation frequencies of 929, 536, and 453, should be focused on in order to keep up with the latest research developments in this field. The United States, China, and Brazil occupy dominant positions in relation to grain storage technology studies in general. Purdue University, Kansas State University, and Agricultural Research Institute ranked the top three in terms of the number and centrality of publications. In terms of research hotspots, the centrality of temperature, insects, carbon dioxide, and quality were 0.16, 0.09, 0.08, and 0.08. It shows that the field of grain storage technology in recent years has focused on grain storage temperature, pest control, and grain storage quality research. From the perspective of the evolution trend, the life cycle of emergent words lasts for several years, after which the strength of emergent words slowly decreases and is replaced by new emergent words. Mortality was the first keyword to appear and remained from 2007 to 2011, indicating that research on fumigants and their toxicity, as well as pest mortality under air fumigation and chemical fumigation conditions, became more popular during this period. In recent years, new terms have emerged that had never been used before, such as "grain quality" (2019-2022) and "stability" (2020-2022). We can find that people pursue food quality more with the improvement of people's living standards. In this context, future research should seek more efficient, safe, economical, and environmentally friendly methods of grain storage and continuously improve the level of scientific grain storage.

Arab American Women: Representation and Refusal

Arab American Women: Representation and Refusal

Knowledge and Current Practices Related to Agricultural Water Microbial Quality among Kansas and Missouri Produce Growers

Kansas State University and University of Missouri Extension educators have been providing training and information on agricultural water microbial quality to help produce growers reduce risk. However, we recognized the need to determine knowledge gaps among Kansas and Missouri growers related to agricultural water quality and best practices. A survey was developed to determine future extension outputs and activities to encourage growers to improve their practices related to water quality. The survey was distributed to Kansas and Missouri produce growers attending in-person or online produce-related events in late 2020 and early 2021 and was also distributed through email lists of produce growers from both states. Survey results (n = 101) indicate that 13.9% of the respondents tested their water for generic Escherichia coli more than once a year, whereas 38.6% of the participants had never tested their water. Approximately half (59.3%) of respondents indicated they used municipal water for postharvest uses, whereas 6.7% indicated the use of untreated surface water for postharvest activities. To address potential water contamination risks, researchers suggest that further training and educational resources would help growers improve practices related to water quality and produce safety.

GAMBARAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN LOW BACK PAIN PADA PERAWAT DI RSUD SELASIH PANGKALAN KERINCI

Low back pain is an uncomfortable condition on the lower back that comes with limitation of activity and pain when moving or mobilizing. One of the occupations with a high risk of suffering low back pain is nurse. This is related to ergonomic activities of nurse in hospitals. This study aims to describe the efforts of low back pain prevention in nurses. This study uses descriptive quantitative design and was conducted in Selasih Hospital, Pangkalan Kerinci. The sample of the study involves 53 respondents of nurses and uses stratified random sampling technique. Analysis in this study uses univariate analysis. The instrument in the study is a questionnaire based on back injury prevention by Kansas State University Research and Extension. The result shows that in the application of safe patient handling, assistive devices utilization, and stretching exercises, majority of the respondents often apply with percentages in consecutive are 58,5%, 67,9%, and 66,0%. The result also shows in the application of correct standing posture, correct sitting posture, and correct sleeping posture, majority of the respondents often apply with percentages in consecutive are 56,6%, 67,9%, and 54,7%. It could be concluded that efforts to prevent low back pain in nurses are often applied.

Evaluating spatial and temporal variations in sub-field level crop water demands

Variable rate irrigation (VRI) requires accurate knowledge of crop water demands at the sub-field level. Existing VRI practices commonly use one or more variables like soil electrical conductivity, historical yields, and topographic maps to delineate variable rate zones. However, these data sets do not quantify within season variability in crop water demands. Crop coefficients are widely used to help estimate evapotranspiration (ET) at different stages of a crop’s growth cycle, and past research has shown how remotely sensed data can identify differences in crop coefficients at regional and field levels. However, the amount of spatial and temporal variation in crop coefficients at the sub-field level (i.e. within a single center pivot system) has not been widely researched. This study aims to compare sub-field ET estimates from two remote sensing platforms and quantify spatial and temporal variations in aggregated sub-field level ET. Vegetation indices and reference ET data were collected at Kansas State University’s Southwest Research Extension Center (SWREC) and two Water Technology Farms during the 2020 corn growing season. Weekly maps of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) from aerial imagery are combined with empirical equations from existing literature to estimate both basal and combined crop coefficients at a 1-meter resolution. These ET estimates are aggregated to a 30 m resolution and compared to the Landsat Provisional Actual ET dataset. Finally, actual ET estimates from aerial images were aggregated using k-means clustering and stationary variable speed zones to determine if there is enough variation in actual ET at the sub-field level to build variable rate irrigation schedules. An equivalence test demonstrated that the aerial imagery and Landsat data sources produce significantly different crop coefficient estimates. However, the two datasets were moderately correlated with Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients ranging from -0.95 to 0.86. Both the aerial imaging and Landsat datasets showed high variability in crop coefficients during the first 5-6 weeks after emergence, with these coefficients becoming more spatially uniform later in the growing season. These crop coefficients may help irrigators make more informed irrigation management decisions during the growing season. However, more research is needed to validate these remotely sensed ET estimates and integrate them into an irrigation decision support system.

NICOLE PERRY, Policing Sex in the Sunflower State: The Story of the Kansas State Industrial Farm for Women

NICOLE PERRY, Policing Sex in the Sunflower State: The Story of the Kansas State Industrial Farm for Women

(Invited) Reducing the Operating Temperature of Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells to

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) show significant promise for highly efficient and durable power generation. Intermediate-temperature PCFC operation (500–650 °C) enables significantly higher efficiency than low temperature (50–100 °C) polymer electrolyte membrane-based fuel cells and can approach that of high-temperature (700–900 °C) and intermediate-temperature (600 °C) oxygen-ion solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Reduced operating temperatures (versus SOFCs) relax stack and balance-of-plant constraints, potentially lowering the fuel cell manufacturing cost while also improving the reliability, thermal cycling tolerance, and dynamic response. In the last decade, there have been several astonishing demonstrations of high-performance PCFCs. A peak power density of >1.5 W/cm2 has been demonstrated at 600-650 °C. However, PCFCs that operate at 500-650 °C haven’t led to revolutionary changes to the scaleup and commercialization of PCFCs yet, which is due to the operating temperatures are still too high to allow using low-cost interconnects, cheap endplates, and gasket sealant. Although reduced operating temperatures improve the fuel cell durability, PCFCs that operate at 500-650 °C require similar components to HT-SOFCs to build the stacks. Therefore, the operating temperature of PCFCs should be further reduced to <400 °C and the corresponding performance needs to be significantly enhanced to create a new scenario of power generation. At Kansas State University, we have made significant achievements on reducing the operating temperature of PCFCs. Herein, we will present how we rationally design and manufacture PCFCs that achieve remarkable performance and durability at <400 °C.

Evaluating dry vs. wet disinfection in boot baths on detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus RNA.

Maintaining biosecurity between swine barns is challenging, and boot baths are an easily implementable option some utilize to limit pathogen spread. However, there are concerns regarding their efficacy, especially when comparing wet or dry disinfectants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of boot baths in reducing the quantity of detectable porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genetic material using wet or dry disinfectants. Treatments included 1) control, 2) dry chlorine powder (Traffic C.O.P., PSP, LLC, Rainsville, AL), and 3) wet quaternary ammonium/glutaraldehyde liquid (1:256 Synergize, Neogen, Lexington, KY). Prior to disinfection, rubber boots were inoculated with 1 mL of a co-inoculants of PRRSV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and PEDV (1 × 105 TCID50 per mL) and dried for 15 min. After the drying period, a researcher placed the boot on the right foot and stepped directly on a stainless steel coupon (control). Alternatively, the researcher stepped first into a boot bath containing either the wet or dry sanitizer, stood for 3 s, and then stepped onto a steel coupon. After one minute, an environmental swab was then collected and processed from each boot and steel coupon. The procedure was replicated 12 times per disinfectant treatment. Samples were analyzed using a duplex qPCR at the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Cycle threshold values were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX v 9.4 (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC). There was no evidence of a disinfectant × surface × virus interaction (P > 0.10). An interaction between disinfectant × surface impacted (P < 0.05) the quantity of detectable viral RNA. As expected, the quantity of the viruses on the coupon was greatest in the control, indicating that a contaminated boot has the ability to transfer viruses from a contaminated surface to a clean surface. Comparatively, the dry disinfectant treatment resulted in no detectable viral RNA on either the boot or subsequent coupon. The wet disinfectant treatment had statistically similar (P > 0.05) viral contamination to the control on the boot, but less viral contamination compared to the control on the metal coupon. In this experiment, a boot bath with dry powder was the most efficacious in reducing the detectable viral RNA on both boots and subsequent surfaces.

Alzheimer’s: What You Can Do: Part 1 of 2

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Alzheimer’s: What You Can Do: Part 1 of 2 Get access Rick J Scheidt, PhD, FGSA, FAPA, FAPS Rick J Scheidt, PhD, FGSA, FAPA, FAPS Department of Applied Human Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA, E-mail: rscheidt@ksu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Gerontologist, gnac125, https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac125 Published: 20 August 2022 Article history Received: 08 August 2022 Published: 20 August 2022

Mega-environment analysis to assess adaptability, stability, and genomic predictions in grain sorghum hybrids

Multi-environment trials (MET) are fundamental for assessing genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) effects, adaptability and stability of genotypes and provide valuable information about target regions. As such, a MET involving grain sorghum hybrid combinations derived from elite inbred lines adapted to diverse sorghum production regions was developed to assess agronomic performance, stability, and genomic-enabled prediction accuracies within mega-environments (ME). Ten females and ten males from the Texas A&M and Kansas State sorghum breeding programs were crossed following a factorial mating scheme to generate 100 hybrids. Grain yield, plant height, and days to anthesis were assessed in a MET consisting of ten environments across Texas and Kansas over two years. Genotype plus Genotype-by-block-of-environment biplot (GGB) assessed ME, while the "mean-vs-stability" view of the biplot and the Bayesian Finlay–Wilkinson regression evaluated hybrid adaptability and stability. A genomic prediction model including the GxE effect was applied within ME to assess prediction accuracy. Results suggest that grain sorghum hybrid combinations involving lines adapted to different target regions can produce superior hybrids. GGB confirmed distinct regions of sorghum adaption in the U.S. Further, genomic predictions within ME reported inconsistent results, suggesting that additional effects rather than the correlations between environments are influencing genomic prediction of grain sorghum hybrids.

Outbreaks of Acute Gastrointestinal Illness Associated with a Splash Pad in a Wildlife Park - Kansas, June 2021.

In June 2021, Kansas state and county public health officials identified and investigated three cases of shigellosis (a bacterial diarrheal illness caused by Shigella spp.) associated with visiting a wildlife park. The park has animal exhibits and a splash pad. Two affected persons visited animal exhibits, and all three entered the splash pad. Nonhuman primates are the only known animal reservoir of Shigella. The splash pad, which sprays water on users and is designed so that water does not collect in the user area, was closed on June 19. The state and county public health codes do not include regulations for splash pads. Thus, these venues are not typically inspected, and environmental health expertise is limited. A case-control study identified two distinct outbreaks associated with the park (a shigellosis outbreak involving 21 cases and a subsequent norovirus infection outbreak involving six cases). Shigella and norovirus can be transmitted by contaminated water; in both outbreaks, illness was associated with getting splash pad water in the mouth (multiply imputed adjusted odds ratio [aORMI]=6.4, p = 0.036; and 28.6, p = 0.006, respectively). Maintaining adequate water disinfection and environmental health expertise and targeting prevention efforts to caregivers of splash pad users help prevent splash pad-associated outbreaks. Outbreak incidence might be further reduced when U.S. jurisdicitons voluntarily adopt CDC's Model Aquatic Health Code (MAHC) recommendations and through the prevention messages: "Don't get in the water if sick with diarrhea," "Don't stand or sit above the jets," and "Don't swallow the water."†.