Kanglaite Research Articles

Unveiling the anti-tumor and anti-fibrotic potentials of Kanglaite in esophageal cancer through PVT1/TGF-β/Smad axis inhibition

Esophageal cancer (EC) poses a significant challenge among tract tumors worldwide due to its complex molecular composition, which remains largely unexplored. Kanglaite (KLT), a medicine known for its anti-tumor properties, is emerging as a potential ally in the culinary world. Plasmacytoma Variant translocation 1 (PVT1) plays a significant role in the complex nature of esophageal cancer, showing high expression levels in tumor tissues. During our investigation, we discovered a higher presence of PVT1 in cancer tissues, which led us to explore its functions further. Through manipulating techniques, we found that inhibiting PVT1 not only hinders the growth of esophageal cancer cells but also reduces fibrosis. This is similar to enhancing the texture and flavor of a dish. Our study reveals the interactions at play, highlighting how PVT1 orchestrates the TGF β/Smad pathway – a component in the development of esophageal cancer. Introducing KLT, an expert poised to revolutinize the approach to cancer treatment. Our research demonstrates KLT’s effectiveness in regulating the PVT1/TGF-β/Smad axis, uncovering its fibrotic properties, and its ability to hinder the progression of esophageal cancer. With these discoveries, KLT emerges as a promising option for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite plus EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis of 13 RCTs

Kanglaite (KLT) is a Chinese medicine antitumor drug independently developed in China, which has been widely used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of KLT plus epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Up to September 1, 2022, the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang were searched, and the randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) of KLT plus EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced NSCLC were included. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of the included literature. Revman5.4 software was used for meta-analysis. A total of 1057 patients were included in 13 RCTs. The results of meta-analysis showed that KLT plus EGFR-TKI could improve the objective response rate (ORR) (risk ratio (RR) confidence interval (CI) [RR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.27-1.86, P < .00001]), the disease control rate (DCR) (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14-1.32, P < .00001), and quality of life (QOL) (RR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.36-2.36, P < .0001) in patients with advanced NSCLC. The percentages of CD3+T cells (standardized mean difference [SMD = 2.37, 95% CI: 0.80-3.93, P = .003]), CD4+T cells (SMD = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.85-1.93, P < .00001), NK cells (SMD = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.88-2.30, P < .0001), and CD4+/CD8+ratio (SMD = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19-0.55, P < .0001) were also increased. However, the results of subgroup analysis showed that in patients with EGFR mutation NSCLC, compared with EGFR-TKI alone, KLT plus EGFR-TKI did not significantly increase ORR and DCR (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.88-2.32, P = .15; RR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96-1.20, P = .21). In terms of adverse events of drugs, the incidence of diarrhea, rash, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, liver and renal function damage of KLT plus EGFR-TKI was similar to that of EGFR-TKI alone (P > .05). KLT plus EGFR-TKI has some clinical benefits and good safety compared with EGFR-TKI alone in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. However, it seems that patients with EGFR mutations do not get significant clinical benefits, and more high-quality RCTs are needed to prove the efficacy of the combined regimen.

Efficacy of Applying Kanglaite Injection under Incentive Nursing Intervention in Treating Patients with Advanced Penile Carcinoma and Its Effect on Treatment Compliance.

Objective To explore the efficacy of applying Kanglaite (KLT) injection under incentive nursing intervention (INI) in treating patients with advanced penile carcinoma and its effect on patient treatment compliance. Methods The clinical data of 120 patients with advanced penile carcinoma treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from February 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were equally divided into the experimental group (n = 60) and control group (n = 60) according to their admission order. All patients received the KLT injection treatment; those in the control group accepted the conventional nursing; and on this basis, those in the experimental group accepted INI, including psychological nursing intervention, which was conducted concurrently with the treatment, to compare their short-term efficacy, treatment compliance, degree of cancer-related fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), and negative emotion scores (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group presented a significantly higher objective remission rate (58.3%) (P < 0.05), higher rates of excellent and good treatment compliance (P < 0.05), and lower degree of cancer-related fatigue and negative emotion scores (P < 0.001). Conclusion INI can improve the negative emotions in patients with advanced carcinoma of the penis, alleviate their degree of cancer-related fatigue, promote their treatment compliance, and achieve a more significant efficacy of applying the KLT injection treatment, so it should be promoted in practice.

Kanglaite Combined With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy for Stage III/IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Kanglaite(KLT), a type of Chinese medicine preparation, is considered as an adjuvant therapeutic option for malignant cancer treatment. This study aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of the combination of KLT and epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) for the treatment of stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared KLT plus EGFR-TKI with EGFR-TKI alone for the treatment of stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer were reviewed. Literature searches (up to July 10, 2021) were performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and the Chinese Scientific Journal Database. Two researchers independently assessed the risk of bias with the tool of Cochrane Collaboration. RevMan 5.3.0 was used in the analysis of the included trial data.Results: 12 RCTs recruiting 1,046 patients with stage III/IV NSCLC were included. Results showed that compared with EGFR-TKI alone, KLT plus EGFR-TKI significantly increased the disease control rate (DCR) (odds ratio [OR]=3.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]:2.22–4.77; p < 0.00001), the objective response rate (ORR) (OR=2.59; 95% CI:1.87–3.58; p < 0.00001) and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (OR = 2.76; 95% CI:1.73–4.39; p < 0.00001). Furthermore, patient immunity was enhanced with KLT plus EGFR-TKI. The combined treatment increased the percentage of CD4 + T cells (weighted mean difference [WMD]=5.36; 95% CI:3.60–7.13; p < 0.00001),the CD4+/CD8 + ratio (WMD = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08–0.27; p = 0.004), and percentage of NK cells (WMD=4.84; 95% CI: 3.66–6.02; p < 0.00001).With regard to drug toxicity, the occurrence rate of nausea and vomiting was significantly reduced by KLT plus EGFR-TKI (OR=0.37; 95% CI: 0.16–0.86; p = 0.02).Conclusion: KLT plus EGFR-TKI was effective in treating stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer. Thus, its application in these patients is worth promoting. Additional double-blind, well-designed and multicenter RCTs are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of this treatment.

Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer are high. Chemotherapy is currently the commonly used therapeutic scheme, but there are drug resistance and toxic and side effects. Kanglaite (KLT) injection is a broad-spectrum anticancer drug extracted from Semen Coicis (Yi Yi Ren), which has been widely used in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clinical practice shows that KLT injection combined with chemotherapy has certain therapeutic advantages, but there is a lacking of evidence of evidence-based medicine. The purpose of this study is to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of KLT injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Methods:Randomized controlled trials of KLT injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer were retrieved from English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Chinese Biological and Medical database), as well as searching Baidu academic and Google academic manually, and the retrieval time was from their establishment to August 2020. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction and literature quality evaluation on the quality of the included literatures, and meta-analysis was conducted on the included literatures using RevMan 5.3 (developed by the UK's International Cochrane Collaboration).Results:This study assessed the efficacy and safety of KLT injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer by effective rate, Karnofsky Performance Status, Carcinoemybryonic Angtigen remission rate, pain remission rate, and incidence of adverse reactions etc.Conclusions:This study will provide reliable evidence-based evidence for the clinical application of KLT injection combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer.Ethics and dissemination:The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.OSF Registration number:DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/EKVAF

Efficacy and safety of Kanglaite injection combined with radiochemotherapy in the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer

Kanglaite (KLT) injection, a kind of Chinese medicine, is considered a promising complementary therapeutic option for malignant cancer treatment. This study aimed to systematically investigate the efficacy and safety of the combination of KLT injection and radiochemotherapy for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). Studies were identified by searching Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biological Medicine Database (CBM), Wanfang database and Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) before October 2018. The primary reported outcomes including efficacy, quality of life (QoL), and adverse events were systematically evaluated. Data from 16 trials with 960 patients with advanced PC were included. Compared with radiochemotherapy alone, the combination of KLT injection and radiochemotherapy significantly improved the 1-year overall survival (OS, odds ratio [OR] = 2.58 95% CI: 1.12-5.93 P = .03), overall response (ORR, OR = 2.16 95% CI: 1.58-2.94 P <.00001) and disease control rates (DCR, OR = 2.50 95% CI: 1.84-3.38 P <.00001). The QoL of patients, who received a combination of radiochemotherapy and KLT injection, also improved compared with radiochemotherapy treatment alone as indicated by the increased quality of life improved rate (QIR, OR = 3.68 95%CI: 2.36-5.75 P <.00001), pain relief rate (PRR, OR = 3.70 95% CI: 2.23-6.14 P <.00001) and weight gain rate (WGR, OR = 3.69 95% CI: 2.22-6.13 P <.00001). Adverse events related to radiochemotherapy including gastrointestinal side effects, nephrotoxicity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and myelosuppression were alleviated (P <.05) when KLT was injected to patients with PC. Evidence from the Meta-analysis suggested that the combinational treatment of radiochemotherapy and KLT injection is more effective in advanced PC treatment than radiochemotherapy alone. Additionally, the combination therapy improved QoL of the patients. KLT injection can alleviate the adverse effects associated with the radiochemotherapy.

Kanglaite reverses multidrug resistance of HCC by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via PI3K/AKT pathway.

BackgroundMultidrug resistance (MDR) frequently contributes to the failure of chemotherapeutic treatments in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Revealing the molecular mechanism of MDR is indispensable for the development of effective chemotherapeutic drugs.PurposeDue to the low-toxicity modulators to inhibit MDR, we considered that Kanglaite (KLT) is a potential agent for reversing MDR in HCC.Materials and MethodsBEL-7402/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and HepG2/adriamycin (ADM) were analyzed for cell viability, colony formation assay, cell scratch assay, and cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay by flow cytometry. The expression of PARP, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, CDC25C, Cyclin B1 and phosphorylation of PTEN, PI3K, and AKT in HepG2/ADM cells were detected by western blotting.ResultsThe proliferation of drug-resistant cell lines BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM pretreated with KLT was significantly inhibited when compared with drug alone. KLT could increase the accumulation of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells. In this study, we found that KLT treatment notably reduced cell viability, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human HepG2/ADM and BEL-7402/5-FU cells, and effectively reversed the MDR by p-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition. Moreover, KLT decreased the phosphorylation of AKT and PI3K in KLT-treated HepG2/ADM cells. These data together implied that KLT might reverse drug resistance in HCC by blocking the PI3K/AKT signaling.ConclusionWe demonstrated that KLT reversed MDR of human HCC by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in the Therapeutic Evaluation of the Chinese Medicine Kanglaite in Treating Colorectal Cancer

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide a reference for tumor treatment and its quantitative parameters can serve as imaging indicators that reflect tumor angiogenesis and vascularity. Kanglaite (KLT) has therapeutic effects on cancers. In this study, DCE-MRI was used to investigate its application in evaluating KLT anti-colorectal cancer. Objectives: Evaluating the efficacy of Kanglaite (KLT) injection for treatment of colorectal cancer with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) parameters. Methods: This study was an experimental study. The 20 successfully modeled nude mice were randomly assigned to 2 groups: blank control group (n = 10) and the KLT injection group (n = 10). The research protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the second affiliated hospital of Xinjiang medical university (protocol NO: 20140216-12) in 2015. A subcutaneous xenograft colorectal tumor model was subjected to KLT treatment. DCE-MRI obtain the parameters including Ktrans, Ve, Kep, Vp, immunohistochemical staining measure microvascular density (MVD), levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results: Compared to the blank control, the volume of tumor in the KLT group markedly reduced by 49%. 48 hours after, compared to the blank control, the Ktrans (0.028 ± 0.009 vs 0.012 ± 0.006), Ve (0.312 ± 0.089 vs 0.287 ± 0.037), and Kep values (0.321 ± 0.056 vs 0.577 ± 0.033) decreased in KLT group (P < 0.05). In contrast, the Vp value (0.094 ± 0.037 vs 0.043 ± 0.017) was significantly elevated in the KLT group (P < 0.05). There is a correlation between Ktrans, Kep and VEGF score, MVD count, and PCNA score. Conclusions: The parameters of DCE-MRI may be used as imaging biomarkers for assessing the status of tumor-bearing vasculatures and provide a basis for evaluating the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs.

Kanglaite inhibits the expression of drug resistance genes through suppressing PVT1 in cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells.

Kanglaite (KLT) was shown to alleviate the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) clinically. The purpose of this study is to examine the mechanism of KLT for chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer cells involving the regulation of MDR-related proteins. The cisplatin-resistant BGC823/DPP and SGC7901/DDP cells were treated with 1, 2.5 and 5 µl/ml of KLT for 24, 36 and 48 h. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect the cell viability and cell apoptosis, respectively. The expression of MDR1 and multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1) were examined by quantitative PCR and western blotting in BGC823/DPP cells and SGC7901/DDP cells treated with KLT. The effect of KLT on the expression of PVT1 was investigated. PVT1-overexpression vector was constructed and transfected into BGC823/DPP cells and SGC7901/DDP cells which were treated with KLT. KLT inhibited the cell viability and promoted the cell apoptosis of BGC823/DPP cells and SGC7901/DDP cells in a concentration-dependent manner. KLT suppressed the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 and the level of PVT1. PVT1 overexpression reversed the increased percentage of apoptotic cells induced by KLT. Finally, we found that PVT1 overexpression also abrogated the effect of KLT on the mRNA level and protein level of MDR1 and MRP1 in BGC823/DPP and SGC7901/DDP cells. KLT inhibited the expression of MDR1 and MRP1 via suppressing the expression of PVT1, which suggested the potential mechanism of KLT involving in MDR in gastric cancer.

The Synergistic Mechanism of Pemetrexed Followed by Kanglaite was due to KLT Subsequently Inhibiting the Pemetrexed-Activated MAPK Signaling Pathway.

Kanglaite (KLT) can enhance the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated the mechanism underlying the cytotoxic synergy between KLT and pemetrexed in NSCLC cell lines. A549 and H1975 cell lines were treated with pemetrexed and/or KLT in vitro. IC50 values, the combination index, cell cycle distribution, and signaling pathway analysis were assessed. Cytotoxic interactions between KLT and pemetrexed were dose-dependent in A549 and H1975 NSCLC cell lines. The administration of pemetrexed followed by KLT had a synergistic effect and an advantage over KLT followed by pemetrexed. Concomitant administration in both cell lines indicated that the cytotoxic interactions between KLT and pemetrexed were schedule-dependent. Cell cycle analysis showed that KLT arrested cells mainly in the G2/M phase, whereas pemetrexed arrested cells mainly in the S phase. Exposure to KLT first induced G2/M arrest and subsequently prevented the cytotoxicity of the S phase-specific drug pemetrexed. Signaling pathway analysis showed that exposure to pemetrexed resulted in increased phospho-p44/42MAPK levels which were inhibited by subsequent exposure to KLT. Thus pemetrexed followed by KLT inhibited the MAPK signaling pathway more obviously than KLT followed by pemetrexed. Pemetrexed followed by KLT had a synergistic effect and an advantage over other sequences in NSCLC cell lines. The synergistic mechanism was due to KLT subsequently inhibiting the pemetrexed-activated MAPK signaling pathway. These findings may provide molecular evidence to support clinical treatment strategies for patients with NSCLC.

Effect of kanglaite on rat cytochrome P450

Context: Kanglaite (KLT) is an oily substance extracted from Coix lacryma-jobi Linn. (Cramineae) and has been proved to significantly improve the life span and quality of life of patients, when combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery.Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out whether KLT influences the effect on rat cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4) by using cocktail probe drugs in vivo.Materials and methods: A cocktail solution at a dose of 5 mL/kg, which contained phenacetin (20 mg/kg), bupropion (20 mg/kg), tolbutamide (5 mg/kg), omeprazole (20 mg/kg), and midazolam (10 mg/kg), was given as oral administration to rats treated with 7 d intraperitoneal injection of KLT. Blood samples were collected at a series of time-points and the concentrations of probe drugs in plasma were determined by HPLC-MS/MS. The corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by the software of DAS 2.0 (SPPS Inc., Chicago, IL).Results: In the experiment, there was a statistically significant difference in the t1/2, Cmax, AUC(0–∞), and CL for phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, omeprazole, and midazolam. Our study showed that treatment with multiple doses of KLT had induction effect on rat CYP1A2, while CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A4 enzyme activities had been inhibited after multiple doses of KLT treatment.Conclusions: KLT can either induce or inhibit activities of CYP. Therefore, caution is needed when KLT is co-administration with some CYP substrates in clinic, which may result in herb–drug interactions.

Kanglaite stimulates anticancer immune responses and inhibits HepG2 cell transplantation‑induced tumor growth.

Previous studies revealed that Kanglaite (KLT) exhibits antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. In the present study, we show that KLT treatment stimulated the immune response by increasing the number of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in the blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Experiments in tumor-bearing mice were further designed in order to explore the effects of KLT on the immune system and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results showed that KLT improves the tumor cell transplantation-induced reduction in the serum level of the cytokines IFN‑γ and IL‑2, and rescues the levels of CD4+ T cells in host mice. These events enhanced the cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells against the hepatic HepG2 cancer cells. KLT administration further increased the mRNA level of certain nuclear factor κB (NF‑κB)‑responsive genes in CD4+ cells. The chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that KLT increases the association of the NF-κB p65 subunit to the promoter regions of interleukin (IL)-2- and B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2-encoding genes in CD4+ T cells. Our study demonstrated that KLT is the main active ingredient of coix seed exhibiting anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. Induction of NF-κB‑mediated gene transcription in CD4+ T cells is involved in the immunomodulatory activity of KLT.

Kanglaite injection combined with hepatic arterial intervention for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Kanglaite (KLT) injection combined with hepatic arterial intervention for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by meta-analysis. Computerized bibliographic searching were undertaken to identify all eligible published studies about the KLT injection combined with hepatic arterial intervention for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases were all searched to included the suitable trails. The odds ratios (ORs) and its corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated as effect size with fixed-effect or random-effect models according to the heterogeneity test across the studies. Nine trails were finally included in this meta-analysis. The objective response rate (ORR) was significant improved in the group of KLT injection combined with hepatic arterial intervention compared to hepatic arterial intervention alone (OR =1.80, 95% CI:1.18-2.75, P < 0.05); The combined treatment can significant improve the KSP score (OR = 3.22, 95% CI:1.36-7.60, P < 0.05) and relief the pain of patients compared to that in single treatment (OR = 2.57, 95% CI:1.65-3.99, P < 0.05). KLT injection combined with hepatic arterial intervention can improve the short-term clinical efficacy, quality of life, and decrease the pain of patients with unresectable HCC.

Kanglaite injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma.

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Kanglaite (KLT) injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) by meta-analysis. Electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang databases was conducted to select studies about KLT injection combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The pooled risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for objective response rate (ORR), Karnofsky (KPS) score improvement and nausea and vomiting were calculated by Stata11.0 statistical software. Finally, we included 34 clinical trials in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that KLT injection combined with systematic chemotherapy can significantly increase the objective response rate (ORR) [RR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.23-1.48, (Z = 6.43, P = 0.000)], the quality of patients' life (KSP improvement) [RR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.79-2.33, (Z = 10.57, P = 0.000)] and decrease the risk ratio of gastrointestinal reaction [RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.66, (Z = 5.53, P = 0.000)] compared with chemotherapy alone. KLT injection combined with chemotherapy can improve the short-term efficacy, performance status and decrease the risk of gastrointestinal reaction compared with systematic chemotherapy alone.

Effects of kanglaite capsules combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on patients with mid or late-stage primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

To observe the clinical effects of kanglaite (KLT) capsules combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating patients with mid or late-stage primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Sixty-five cases were randomly divided into 2 groups, 32 patients in combination group received the treatment of KLT capsules + TACE and 33 patients in control group were treated with TACE alone. The objective response rate (RR), serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP), peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroups (T-LS), quality of life (QOL), time to progression (TTP) and adverse reaction were observed and compared between 2 groups. The objective response rate and serum alpha fetoprotein levels had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Combination group was superior to control group in quality of life (QOL), time to progression (TTP), peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroups (CD3+, CD4+, CD4+∖CD8 ratio) and liver adverse reactions, with significant differences (P < 0.05). KLT capsules combined with TACE is an effective method to treat primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who have lost the opportunity of surgical therapy.

Kanglaite injection plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for non-small cell lung cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Kanglaite (KLT) is a botanically sourced, molecularly targeted agent that is prepared as a microemulsion for IV use. The active substance is extracted from the herb Semen coicis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of KLT injection in patients with primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: We electronically searched the literature of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (Chinese language, 1979-March 2008), CBMdisc (Chinese, 1978-March 2008), The Cochrane Library (English, Issue 4, 2007), MEDLINE (English, 1966-March 2008), and EMBASE (English, 1984-March 2008), and manually searched 20 Chinese-language oncology journals to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of KLT injection plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone, regardless of their having been published or not, blinding, duration of treatment, or duration of follow-up. The quality of the included trials was assessed using the method recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. The studies were assigned to 1 of the following 3 categories: A = all quality criteria met, low risk of bias; B = ≥1 of the quality criteria only partially met, moderate risk of bias; or C = ≥1 of the quality criteria not met, high risk of bias. If heterogeneity existed among subgroups, then overall results were calculated based on a random-effects model; otherwise, a fixed-effects model was used. Results: Electronic database searches yielded 596 citations. A title review eliminated 377 manuscripts; 219 citations were marked for further evaluation. Finally, we identified 26 trials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The 26 RCTs included in this meta-analysis included 2209 patients with NSCLC; no study was graded A, 9 were graded B, and 17 were graded C. The sample size of each trial varied from 40 to 305 patients; none of the trials had precalculated sample sizes. Pooled analyses performed using both fixed- and random-effects models revealed that compared with chemotherapy alone, KLT injection plus chemotherapy improved the response rate (relative risk [RR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19–1.51 and RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.20–1.51, respectively) and quality of life as measured by an increase ≥10 points in the Karnofsky Performance Status score (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.60–2.64). KLT injection plus chemotherapy was associated with improvement in the symptoms of cough, dyspnea, chest pain, fatigue, and anorexia. KLT injection plus chemotherapy was also associated with significant reduction in the incidence of the following adverse events (AEs) based on the fixed and random effects models, respectively: grade II to IV leukopenia (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.22–0.39 and RR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.22–0.48), anemia (RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42–0.70 and RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40–0.76), thrombocytopenia (RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.71 and RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21–0.78), nausea and vomiting (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.34–0.57 and RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.35–0.57), phlebitis (RR, 3.44; 95% Cl, 1.30–9.15 and RR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.28–8.89), and hepatic dysfunction (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.15–1.35 and RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24–0.81). Conclusion: This meta-analysis found that KLT injection in combination with chemotherapy was associated with improved response rate, quality of life, and symptoms, and a reduced incidence of AEs compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with NSCLC. These findings should be viewed with caution because of the low quality of the included trials.

Chinese herb related molecules of cancer-cell-apoptosis: a minireview of progress between Kanglaite injection and related genes

Many kinds of Chinese herb had been confirmed to have the character of anti-tumor, clinical reports about anti-tumor effects of Chinese herb had also been found in recent years, but most of the reports were focused on the clinical treatment of effectiveness for Chinese herb, on the other hand, review about Chinese herbal related with molecules on cancer-cell-apoptosis was seldom, many scientists could not believe such kinds of clinical describes about anti-tumor effects for Chinese herb, because these describes were lack of molecular biology evidence. Kanglaite(KLT) injection is an anti-tumor new drug which extracts from Chinese medicine-coix seed with modern advanced pharmaceutical technology, it is also a new biphase extended-spectrum anticancer medicine, the food and drug administration(FDA) of United States also approved a phase II trial of KLT to test its efficacy in treating non-small-cell lung cancer. Some studies show it could inhibit some anti-apoptotic gene and activate some pro-apoptotic gene, its injection solution is one of the new anticancer medicine that can significantly inhibit a various kinds of tumor cells, so it has become the core of research that how to further explore KLT injection to promote tumor cell apoptosis by impacting on related genes. In this review, the relationship between KLT and some tumor cell apoptosis molecules had been discussed and reviewed generally.

Clinical observation on effect of Kanglaite ("Equation missing" ) in treating pulmonary carcinoma patients with Lung-Qi Deficiency and immunologic inadequacy after pneumonectomy) in treating pulmonary carcinoma patients with Lung-Qi Deficiency and immunologic inadequacy after pneumonectomy

Objective: To study the effect of Kanglaite (KLT) in treating pulmonary carcinoma (PC) patients with Lung-Qi Deficiency and immunologic inadequacy (LDII) after pneumonectomy.Methods: Thirtysix patients of PC-LDII were treated with KLT and the lymphocyte subset was examined before and after treatment.Results: The markedly effective rate of treatment was 50.0% and the total effective rate 66.7%. Immunological examination showed that the lymphocyte subset of patients tended to get normal and the difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment was significant.Conclusion: KLT could improve the symptom of Lung-Qi Deficiency and markedly strengthen the immune function of PC patients.