Kangaroo Mother Care Method Research Articles

Effect of kangaroo mother care on the growth and morbidity pattern of low birth weight infants: a hospital based cross sectional study

Background: Kangaroo mother care provides Low birth weight babies with warmth, protection from infection and increases the success of breast feeding. Babies who had received KMC care were found to have better neurologic outcome. The aim of the study is to compare the outcome of Kangaroo mother care and conventional method of care among Low birth weight babies in terms of growth and reduction of morbidities such as length of hospital stay, hypothermia and hypoglycemia.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 48 neonates with a birth weight of <2000 grams. Out of them 24 babies received KMC and the other 24 babies were given conventional care with a radiant warmer. The weight gain, length of hospital stay, occurrence of hypothermia and hypoglycaemia were monitored for all babies till discharge.Results: Babies who received KMC had a better weight gain (21.11±2.8 grams/day) versus (15.61±2.6 grams/day) those who received conventional care, and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). Kangaroo mother care provided a statistically significant reduction in the risk of having hypothermia (p=0.03) and hypoglycemia (p=0.04). The babies who received Kangaroo mother care had a shorter length of hospital stay and this was found to be statistically significant (p=0.03).Conclusions: Kangaroo mother care improved the growth and reduced the problems of low birth weight babies such as hypothermia, hypoglycaemia and prolonged hospital stay. Hence, it should be recommended in the care of all these high-risk neonates.

Kangaroo-mother care method: a documentary study of theses and dissertations of the brazilian nurse (2000-2017).

to characterize theses and dissertations that address Kangaroo-Mother Care Method produced in Brazilian Graduate Nursing Programs from 2000 to 2017. a documentary study of qualitative approach. From a total of 207 papers, 185 were excluded and 22 were selected. in 2006 and 2014 there was a higher number of master's dissertations. In 2001, 2013 and 2017, there were three productions of doctoral theses. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Federal University of Santa Catarina) presented the largest number of publications, with five studies, followed by Universidade Federal da Bahia (Federal University of Bahia), with four. Kangaroo-Mother Care Method has been researched in Brazilian Graduate Nursing Programs, mainly from the qualitative approach, highlighting the importance, contributions and difficulties of its application as a public policy.

Vivência de pais com o Método Canguru: revisão integrativa

Objetivo: compreender a vivência de pais com o Método Canguru. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science e Current Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Resultados: obtiveram-se 732 artigos e sete foram selecionados. Identificou-se que pais vivenciam o Método Canguru com realização e prazer. Ademais, apresentaram dificuldades, medo e insegurança que podem estar associados ao funcionamento e a dispositivos de apoio à vida, utilizados para garantir a sobrevida de prematuros no cuidado relacionado ao distanciamento da figura paterna com neonato. Conclusão: a figura paterna, atualmente, apresenta-se mais participativa e consciente acerca do papel no âmbito familiar e nos cuidados inerentes ao filho prematuro. No entanto, pais se sentem despreparados, mas orgulhosos e esperançosos com evolução clínica de bebês, ao vivenciar o Método Canguru.

Newborn skin care strategies in neonatal unit

Objective: To identify skin care strategies for newborns (NB) used in reference centers of the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method (KMC) in Brazil. Methods: Descriptive exploratory study, using a qualitative approach, performed with 13 nurses working in the different reference centers of the KMC in Brazil. Data were collected through an online form. Analysis was performed descriptively, comparing the different studies realities. Results: Four categories were described regarding skin care of NB through the experience of the nurses: strategies adopted by the team regarding skin care of NBs; dealing with the health team regarding bath and dipper disposal; care regarding fixation of devices in NBs, and strategies adopted by the NB team under phototherapy. Conclusion: The nurses presented capacity, and they were highly trained to act in their areas of experience and knowledge. The answers indicated that there is a great concern in avoiding the usage of materials and devices that could cause harm to NB skin.

Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Selama Satu Jam Terhadap Suhu Tubuh Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Di Ruang Perinatologi RSUD Pandan Arang Boyolali

Background: Low birth weight has the highest contribution to neonatal mortality rate. One of its complications is body temperature instability, and to maintain it, the infants are exposed to the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method. The objective of this research is to investigate the one-hour KMC implementation on the body temperature of low birth weight infants at the Perinatology Room of Pandan Arang Local General Hospital of Boyolali. Method: This research used the quasi experimental method. It was conducted from October to November 2016. Its samples consisted of 22 infants and were determined through the accidental sampling technique. Its data were analyzed by using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Result: The result of the research shows that the average body temperatures prior to and following the implementation of one-hour KMC in Days 1, 2, and 3 were 36.660C and 37.070C. There was an effect of the implementation of one-hour KMC on the body temperature of low birth weight infants as indicated by the p-value which was less than 0.05. Conclusion: Thus, the future research is expected to develop the research by adding the research variables that may influence the body temperature stability of low birth weight infants in addition to the one-hour KMC.

The Effectiviness Of Kangaroo Mother Care On Body Temperature Stability Of Low Birth Weight Infants At The Perinatology Room Dr. Achmad Mochtar Hospital Bukittinggi

<p><em>Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a baby with a birth weight less than 2500 grams regardless of gestation. The one of complication is body temperature instability, and to maintain it, the infants are exposed to the Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) Method. Data WHO and UNICEF in 2013 with 22 million baby birth in the world, where 16 % birth with low birth weight infants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of implementation kangaroo mother care on body temperature stability of low birth weight infants at the perinatology room Dr.Achmad Mochtar Hospital Bukittinggi. This research is a Pre-Eksperimental with one-group pretest-postest design in Agust 2018 as many 15 respondents with accidental sampling technique. The statistical test used is dependent T-test. The result of statistical test show a significant influence between body temperature stability before and after implementation kangaroo mother care with p-value = 0,000 (α ≤ 0.05). So it can be concluded that there is a relationship of The Effectiviness kangaroo mother care on body temperature stability of low birth weight infants. Suggestions to hospital can implementation kangaroo mother care because this method an effective, simple, and cheap method to care low birth weight infant.</em></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong><strong> </strong><strong>: </strong><strong><em>Kangaroo Mother Care, Body Temperature</em></strong></p>

Contributions of the nursing team in the second stage of the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method: Implications for hospital discharge of the newborn

Abstract Objective: To know the main care procedures of the nursing team in the second stage of the Kangaroo Care Method that contribute to the hospital discharge of the newborn and the continuation of home care, and to prepare an explanatory brochure to guide professionals in the management of hospital discharge. Method: Qualitative, convergent care study, carried out with 17 nursing professionals from a reference maternity hospital. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups and analyzed through content analysis. Results: There were relevant concerns about the use of kangaroo position, about the skin-to-skin care and hygiene of the newborn, and about respiratory changes as a warning sign for intervention. A brochure was developed to showcase the essential care provided by the nursing professionals - its goal is the proper continuation of health care of premature or underweight babies. Conclusion and implications for the practice: Nursing teams can contribute to the clinical stability of the newborn in the second stage of the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method and elaborate educational interventions that guarantee the continuation of care.

The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care Method toward Weight Gain and Length of Stay among Low Birth Weight Baby

<span lang="EN-US">Infant mortality needs to get serious attention. Special efforts are relatively easy and inexpensive in the handling and care is through treatment methods can improve the stability of</span><span lang="IN">Kangaroo Mother Care</span><span lang="IN">(</span><span lang="EN-US">KMC</span><span lang="IN">)</span><span lang="EN-US"> for babies and breastfeeding</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="IN">The effort hopefully will</span><span lang="EN-US"> contribute to weight gain which take effect on the duration of treatment</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="EN-US"> The study design </span><span lang="IN">was </span><span lang="EN-US">Quasi Experiment with Prepost one group design. Samples were mothers with a history of low birth weight deliveries, with sample selection technique in consecutive sampling and sample number 36 babies. The samples criteria were infants birth weight between 1,000-2,100 gr, weight of infant when KMC was started between 900-2,100 gr, weight of infants post KMC were<br /> 1,300-2,500 gr, babies born with premature or small period of pregnancy. KMC method has the potential to improve the Weight on Low Birth Weight (LBW)</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="IN">D</span><span lang="EN-US">uration of KMC has no effect on weight gain but can accelerate the length of LBW in hospital. The longer do KMC, the shorter duration of hospital LBW in hospital. LBW </span><span lang="IN">should be treated </span><span lang="EN-US">KMC to accelerate weight gain and reducing the length of hospitalization. </span>

Comparison the Effectiveness of Breastfeeding, Oral 25% Dextrose, Kangaroo-Mother Care Method, and EMLA Cream on Pain Score Level Following Heal Pick Sampling in Newborns: a randomized clinical trial.

BackgroundToday, it is considered that infants can feel pain, and it can have several adverse effects on their development. Although different interventions, such as skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo mother care method), glucose solutions, breastfeeding, and local anesthetic agents, have been evaluated to reduce infants’ pain, there is no clinical trial available to identify the best method.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of four methods of relieving infants’ pain, i.e., breastfeeding, oral 25% dextrose, kangaroo mother care method (KMCM), and EMLA cream based on a pain score level following heal-prick sampling in term newborns.MethodsIn this double-blind, controlled, randomized clinical trial, full term, and healthy infants in Shahid Motahhari Hospital, Marvdasht, Shiraz Province, Iran were studied. Infants were randomly allocated to four groups of interventions, i.e., A: breast milk feeding (n=42), B: oral 25% dextrose (n=40), C: KMCM (n=38), and D: KMCM ointment (n=40). All interventions were applied 15 minutes before heel-prick sampling. To evaluate the pain level in infants, the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 16 by ANOVA and the chi-squared tests.ResultsOne hundred and sixty-one infants (93 males, 68 females) with an age range of 3 to 5 days were studied. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of gender (p=0.113), weight (p=0.059), and baseline pain score level (p=0.904). The breastfeeding method showed the lowest pain score in comparison to the other interventions (A=5.52±2.22, B=6.45±1.88, C=6.84±1.96, D=7.37±1.95; p=0.001) after the heel-prick sampling.ConclusionIt seems that, among the four methods of interventions in this study, the most effective method of lowering perceived pain in infants undergoing painful procedures was proven to be breastfeeding.Trial RegistrationThis study is registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the registration number of IRCT20151201253256N1.FundingThis research was supported financially by the Research Council of the International Campus of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

A Handy Preterm Infant Incubator for Providing Intensive Care: Simulation, 3D Printed Prototype, and Evaluation.

Preterm infants encounter an abrupt delivery before their complete maturity during the third trimester of pregnancy. Polls anticipate an increase in the rates of preterm infants for 2025, especially in middle- and low-income countries. Despite the abundance of intensive care methods for preterm infants, such as, but not limited to, commercial, transport, embrace warmer, radiant warmer, and Kangaroo Mother Care methods, they are either expensive, lack the most essential requirements or specifications, or lack the maternal-preterm bond. This drove us to carry this original research and innovative idea of developing a new 3D printed prototype of a Handy preterm infant incubator. We aim to provide the most indispensable intensive care with the lowest cost, to bestow low-income countries with the Handy incubator's care, preserve the maternal -preterm's bond, and diminish the rate of mortality. Biomedical features, electronics, and biocompatible materials were utilized. The design was simulated, the prototype was 3D printed, and the outcomes were tested and evaluated. Simulation results showed the best fit for the Handy incubator's components. Experimental results showed the 3D-printed prototype and the time elapsed to obtain it. Evaluation results revealed that the overall performance of Kangaroo Mother Care and the embrace warmer was 75 ± 1.4% and 66.7 ± 1.5%, respectively, while the overall performance of our Handy incubator was 91.7 ± 1.6%, thereby our cost-effective Handy incubator surpassed existing intensive care methods. The future step is associating the Handy incubator with more specifications and advancements.

A Study on the Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Neonatal Temperature and Weight among Newborns in Cuttack

A quasi-experimental study was undertaken to study the effect of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) on neonatal temperature and weight among newborns in SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack. A sample of 40 newborns in the post-natal wards was selected among which 20 were put in the control group and 20 in experimental group. The mothers of the experimental group were educated about KMC, and made to practice the KMC method on their babies. Thereafter the temperature and weight of the babies were checked for 4 consecutive days. Mean, standard deviation, standard error and paired ‘t’ test were compared from the row score obtained in pre-test and post-test. It was observed that the babies in the experimental group showed better thermoregulation and weight gain than those in the control group. The study concluded that KMC promotes good temperature control and better growth for pre- and term newborns.

Increasing Confidence and Ability in Implementing Kangaroo Mother Care Method Among Young Mothers

ABSTRACTMothers giving birth to low birth weight babies (LBWBs) have low confidence in caring for their babies because they are often still young and may lack the knowledge, experience, and ability to care for the baby. This research aims to determine the effect of education about kangaroo mother care (KMC) on the confidence and ability of young mothers to implement KMC. The research methodology used was a controlled-random experimental approach with pre- and post-test equivalent groups of 13 mothers and their LBWBs in the intervention group and 13 mothers and their LBWBs in the control group. Data were collected via an instrument measuring young mothers’ confidence, the validity and reliability of which have been tested with a resulting r value of .941, and an observation sheet on KMC implementation. After conducting the education, the confidence score of young mothers and their ability to perform KMC increased meaningfully. The score of confidence of young mothers before education was 37 (p = .1555: and the ability score for KMC Implementation before education was 9 (p = .1555). The median score of confidence of young mothers after education in the intervention group was 87 and in the control group was 50 (p = .001, 95% CI 60.36–75.56), and ability median score for KMC implementation after education in the intervention group was 16 and in the control group was 12 (p = .001, 95% CI 1.50–1.88). KMC education should be conducted gradually, and it is necessary to involve the family, in order for KMC implementation to continue at home. A family visit can be done for LBWBs to evaluate the ability of the young mothers to implement KMC.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMBINATION OF KANGAROO MOTHER CARE METHOD AND LULLABY MUSIC THERAPY ON VITAL SIGN CHANGE IN INFANTS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) and lullaby music methods have been considered as the alternative treatment for vital sign changes in low birth weight infants. However, little is known about the combination of the two methods.
 Objective: To identify effectiveness of combinations of Kangaroo mother care and Lullaby music methods on changes in vital signs in low birth weight infants.
 Methods: A quasi experiment with non-equivalent control group design. This study was conducted on October– December 2016 at the General Hospital of Ambarawa and General Hospital of Ungaran, Semarang, Indonesia. There were 36 samples selected using consecutive sampling divided into three groups, namely: 1) a group of low birth weight infants with the combination of KMC and lullaby music, 2) an low birth weight infant group with the lullaby music intervention, and 3) a control group given standard care in low birth weight infants by KMC method. Paired t-test and MANOVA test were used to analyzed the data.
 Results: Findings revealed that there were significant differences between the combination group, lullaby music group, and control group in temperature (p=0.003), pulse (p=0.001), respiration (p=0.001), and oxygen saturation (p=0.014) with significant value of <0.05, which indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in vital sign changes among the three groups.
 Conclusion: The combination of KMC method and lullaby music intervention was effective on vital sign changes (temperature, pulse, respiration, and oxygen saturation) compared with the lullaby music group alone and control group with KMC method in low birth weight infants. It is suggested that the combination of KMC and lullaby music methods can be used as an alternative to improve low birth weight care for mothers in the NICU and at home and to reach the stability of the baby's vital signs.

Primary Health Care Follow-Up Visits: Investigation Of Care Continuity Of Preterm Newborns From A Kangaroo-Mother Care Unit

INTRODUCTION: The kangaroo-mother care method is an approach adopted in Brazil as a public police, which has helped in the reduction of neonatal mortality rate. Premature birth and its vulnerabilities can trigger, especially in mothers, feelings of fear and insecurity related to taking care of newborns.
 OBJECTIVE: Investigate care continuity of preterm newborns from a kangaroo-mother care method unit in primary health care facilities.
 METHODS: It was a transversal study performed with 43 mothers of preterm newborns who were hospitalized in the rooming-in care unit of a kangaroo-mother care method unit of a Brazilian public maternity school. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire, which was used to interview mothers between September 2015 and February 2016.
 RESULTS: It was found a relationship between sociodemographic status and risk of premature birth, and the following variables: age, education, marital status, and family income. Regarding findings from the follow-up home visits in primary health care, most of the participants were still breastfeeding and using the kangaroo position. However, 60.5% of the interviewed mothers reported not receiving home visits from health professionals of primary health care facilities.
 CONCLUSION: It is essential the support of health professionals and the participation of mothers and families to improve, through health education, quality of life promotion for newborns from kangaroo care approach.

Impact of skin-to-skin care on satisfaction and experience of cesarean mothers: A randomized, double-blinded clinical trial

Introduction: During the infancy period, it is vital to take a good care of mother and infant to promote their health. Furthermore, mothers' satisfaction is a good indicator to evaluate the quality of services. Objective: The aim is to examine the impact of skin-to-skin contact of infants by mother immediately after caesarean on the satisfaction of the mothers and to study the experience of mothers who received the care. Materials and Methods: This randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial performed on the mothers who had cesarean in 2015 in Miandoab city, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. One hundred and five participants were randomly divided into the experiment and control groups using randomized blocks method. Experiment group received skin-to-skin contact in the recovery room, and then, for 3 days, at 7 am, 1 pm, and 7 pm for 30 min. To measure the satisfaction of the mothers, a questionnaire, previously was approved, was applied. Experience of the mothers with the kangaroo mother care method only in the experiment group was measured. Results: Mean satisfaction of mothers in the experiment group was significantly higher than the control group (P

Kangaroo position: Immediate effects on the physiological variables of preterm and low birth weight newborns

Abstract Introduction: The Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) method is a significant neonatal alternative that ensures better quality humanized care for preterm and low birth weight newborns. Objective: To analyze the immediate physiological effects of the kangaroo position in critically ill newborns. Methods: Open clinical trial with parallel interventions, involving preterm (up to 28 days old) low or very low birth weight newborns (minimum weight of 1,250 grams) of both sexes, that were clinically stable and undergoing enteral nutrition. The degree of respiratory distress was assessed and quantified using the Silverman-Anderson scoring system. Heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were collected using a pulse oximeter. Respiratory rate was determined by auscultation for one minute. The newborns were submitted to the kangaroo position once only, for 90 minutes. Results: Participants were 30 newborns, 56.7% of which were girls. Comparison of the variables before and after application of the kangaroo position using the Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant reduction in respiratory rate (p = 0.02) and Silverman-Anderson score (p < 0.01). The remaining variables showed no significant differences: heart rate (p = 0.21), peripheral oxygen saturation (p = 0.26) and axillary temperature (p = 0.12). Conclusion: There was a decline in the respiratory rate and Silverman-Anderson score after application of the kangaroo position, while peripheral oxygen saturation, axillary temperature and heart rate remained stable.

Latin American Clinical Epidemiology Network Series – Paper 4: Economic evaluation of Kangaroo Mother Care: cost utility analysis of results from a randomized controlled trial conducted in Bogotá

Background and ObjectiveAlthough kangaroo mother care (KMC) has been shown to be safe and effective in randomized controlled trials (RCTs), there are no published complete economic evaluations including the three components of the full intervention. MethodsA cost utility analysis performed on the results of an RCT conducted in Bogotá, Colombia between 1993 and 1996. Hospital and ambulatory costs were estimated by microcosting in a sample of preterm infants from a University Hospital in Bogotá in 2011 and at a KMC clinic in the same period. Utility scores were assigned by experts by means of (1) direct ordering and scoring discrete health states and (2) constructing a multi-attribute utility function. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals (CIs) for the incremental cost–utility ratios (ICURs) were computed by the Fiellers theorem method. One-way sensitivity analysis on price estimates for valuing costs was performed. ResultsICUR at 1 year of corrected age was $ −1,546 per extra quality-adjusted life year gained using the KMC method (95% CI $ −7,963 to $ 4,910). ConclusionIn Bogotá, the use of KMC is dominant: more effective and cost-saving. Although results from an economic analysis should not be extrapolated to different systems and communities, this dominant result suggests that KMC could be cost-effective in similar low and middle income countries settings.

Latin American Clinical Epidemiology Network Series – Paper 9: The Kangaroo Mother Care Method: from scientific evidence generated in Colombia to worldwide practice

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a human-based care intervention devised to complement neonatal care for low birth weight and premature infants. Kangaroo position (skin-to-skin contact on the mother's chest) offers thermal regulation, physiological stability, appropriate stimulation, and enhances bonding and breastfeeding. Kangaroo nutrition is based on breastfeeding, and kangaroo discharge policy relies on family empowerment and early discharge in kangaroo position with close ambulatory follow-up. We describe how the evidence has been developed and how it has been put into practice by means of direct preterm infants care and dissemination of the method, including training of KMC excellence centers in many countries not only in Latin America but worldwide.

Erratum to: World Health Organization Guidelines for Feeding Low Birth Weight Infants: Effects of Implementation in First Referral Level Health Facilities in India : Investigators of WHO LBW Feeding Study Group, Delhi, India.

Objective To evaluate the effect of implementing World Health Organization (WHO) low birth weight (LBW) feeding guidelines in First Referral Level health facilities in India. Methods This was a before-and-after study conducted at two First ReferralLevelhealth facilities in India.In the preandpost implementation periods of 4 mo each, the authors compared knowledge and skills of health care providers (HCPs) with regard to feeding of LBW infants using multiple choice and short answer questions and objective structured clinical examinations. The authors also enrolled in the two periods, separate cohorts of LBW infants along with their mothers at birth, and followed them till 2 wk of age or death/discharge. Quality of care received by the infants was assessed at 24–48 h and at discharge/2 wk using pre-determined parameters based on which quality scores were assigned by experienced neonatologists. Knowledge and skills of the mothers were also assessed at thesetime points through semi structuredquestionnaires and observation checklists. Guidelines were implemented using specially prepared training material through seminars, workshops, refresher courses and on-job support. Results Overall knowledge (62 ± 16 vs. 75 ± 15, n = 55; p < 0.01) and skill scores (298 ± 37 vs. 348 ± 52, p <0 .05) of HCPs improved. Correct knowledge increased among the mothers at the time of discharge (7.1 % vs. 63.4 %; p <0 .01). However, there was no improvement in maternal feeding skills at either 24–48 h or at discharge and key feeding practicesremainedunchanged.Thoughtherewasincreaseduptake of kangaroo mother care (0 vs. 21.9 %; p < 0.01) and alternate methods of feeding (15.9 % vs. 31.7 %; p = 0.03) by discharge/14 d, there was no significant improvement in overall quality of care of LBW infants (4.8 % vs. 6.7 %; p =0 .55). Conclusions FortheGuidelinestobefullyeffective,additional efforts on part of HCPs/additional staff and efforts to promote generic early feeding practices in addition to LBW focused guidelines would be required.

Compreensão do sentimento materno na vivência no método canguru

RESUMO: Objetivo: compreender os sentimentos maternos vivenciados nas diferentes etapas do Método Canguru. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, desenvolvido em uma unidade neonatal de um hospital escola no sul do Brasil, com a participação de nove mães. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2013, quando foram aplicadas entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram as seguintes categorias: Expectativas do nascimento: Nascer a termo, Aproximação da mãe com o bebê, Sentindo-se mais mãe e Quando cheguei em casa. Conclusão: os sentimentos maternos relacionam-se intimamente com o grau de conhecimento e adaptabilidade da mãe. Cabe ao profissional de saúde fornecer informações e apoio de forma individualizada, respeitando a história de cada mãe e sua família.