Kampung Inggris Research Articles

Achievement Strategies in Facing Communication Breakdown Used by the Learners in the Basic Speaking Class of Kampung Inggris Jogja

The present study examines learners' strategies in a basic speaking class at Kampung Inggris Jogja to overcome communication breakdowns and effectively convey their ideas and messages to their interlocutors. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate the achievement strategies within the framework of Celce-Murcia et al. (1995) in the classroom interactions among the learners at Kampung Inggris Jogja. A qualitative methodology, specifically discourse analysis of spoken interactions, was utilized to analyze the collected data. Data was gathered through observation of the learners' interactions and recording of their conversations. The investigation revealed that the learners at Kampung Inggris Jogja utilized various achievement strategies in their interactions. However, the foreignizing strategy was not observed among the participants. The strategies most frequently employed by the learners included code-switching, literal translation, non-linguistic means, restructuring, and retrieval. Additionally, the study indicated that learning activities, topics, and environments significantly impacted the learners' communication. Internal factors, such as vocabulary mastery, knowledge of proper grammar, and motivation, played a crucial role in the learners' speaking performance. It is essential to acknowledge the limitations of this study and recognize the need for further research to build upon these findings. Nevertheless, the results of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the strategies utilized by learners to overcome communication problems and have implications for language teaching and learning in similar contexts. The study highlights the significance of the findings for future research and language education.

Promotion on Instagram and Institution Image on Course Decisions through Course Interest with Perceived Value as Moderator Variable (Study on Course Institution Students in the “Kampung Inggris”Area of Pare Kediri)

This study aims to determine how much influence promotion on Instagram and the image of the institution have on the decision to take a course through interest in taking a course with perceived value as a moderating variable. This research is a quantitative research using the software program SmartPLS version 3.2.9. The population in this study is a course institution in the “Kampung Inggris”of Pare, Kediri. The sample in this study were 385 respondents. The data was collected using a questionnaire, then the data was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and partial least squares (PLS). The results showed that: 1) Promotion on Instagram had a positive and significant effect on interest in taking courses. The value of the promotion variable on Instagram on interest in joining courses with a path coefficient of 0,031 and t statistic of 5.197 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0,05; 2) The image of the institution has a positive and significant effect on interest in taking courses. The value of the institutional image variable on interest in attending the courses with a path coefficient of 0,605 and t statistic of 11.675 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0,05; 3) Promotion on Instagram has a positive and significant effect on the decision to take a course. The value of the promotion variable on Instagram on the decision to take a courses with a path coefficient of 0,268 and t statistic of 5.753 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0,05; 4) The image of the institution has a positive and significant effect on the decision to take the course. The value of the institutional image variable on the decision to take the courses with a path coefficient of 0,166 and t statistic of 2.810 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0,05; 5) Interest in attending the course has a positive and significant effect on the decision to take the course. The value of the variable interest in attending on the decision to take the courses with a path coefficient of 0,215 and t statistic of 4.041 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0,05; 6) Promotion on Instagram has a positive and significant indirect effect on decisions to take courses with interest in taking courses. Promotion on Instagram towards the decision to take a course through course interest in 0,065 and the t statistic of 2.931 the value is greater than t table (1.960) or ≤ 0,05; 7) Perceived value has a positive and significant effect on the decision to take the course. Perceived value has an influence on the decision to take the course with a path coefficient of 0.327 and a t statistic of 6.633 which is greater than t table (1.960) and a significance or p <0.05; 8) The image of the institution has a positive and significant indirect effect on the decision to take a course with an interest in attending the course. the influence of the institution's image on the decision to take a course through course interest is 0.130 and the t statistic is 4.052, the value is greater than t table (1.960) or p ≤ 0.05; 9) Perceived value positively moderates the influence of Promotions on Instagram on the decision to take courses. Perceived value has an influence in moderating promotions on Instagram on the decision to take a course with a path coefficient of 0.153 and a t statistic of 2.951 which is greater than t table (1.960) and a significance or p < 0.05; 10) Perceived value positively moderates the effect of interest in attending the course on the decision to take the course. Perceived value has an influence in moderating interest in attending a course on the decision to take a course with a path coefficient of 0.122 and a t statistic of 1.783 greater than t table (1.960) and significance or p < 0.05; 11) Perceived value positively moderates the influence of the institution's image on the decision to take the course. Perceived value has an influence in moderating the image of the institution on the decision to take the course with a path coefficient of -0.156 and a t statistic of 2.552 greater than t table (1.960) and significance or p < 0.05. Based on the results of the research above, suggestions can be given, namely to deepen and expand this research, both in terms of variables and research methods.

Teacher Talk in Classroom Interaction Used by English Tutor in Mr. BOB English Course Kampung Inggris Pare

This paper aims to describe the teacher talk in classroom used by English tutor and the types of teacher talk in classroom interaction used by English Tutor in Mr. Bob English Course Kampung Inggris Pare. The subject of the research is the regular student who take Pronunciation program in Mr, Bob English Course. This research was a qualitative research, the data collection is by observation and voice recording. The researcher conduct the observation in classroom and recording when the teaching learning process. The result of the study showed that teacher talk in classroom interaction and the types of initiation and follow up used by teacher talk in classroom interaction. The type of initiation involved; questioning, invitation and direction, the type of follow up involved; inform, prompt, encouragement, criticizing, acknowledgement, and comment.

Teacher’s Challenges and Solutions in Teaching Speaking in Kampung Inggris

Teaching speaking English in not an easy thing to do. There are several challenges faced by teachers, especially in teaching speaking because in speaking there are several aspects that must be mastered, including pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency and grammar. The purposes of this study is to explain the findings of the challenges faced by teachers in teaching speaking in Kampung Inggris, the problems faced by students in learning speaking in Kampung Inggris, and the potential solutions used by the teacher in teaching speaking in Kampung Inggris. In the data collection method, the researcher used semi-structured interviews by taking four participant namely two teachers and two students in Kampung Inggris Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. The data is processed using thematic analysis. The results of the study found that there were four challenges face by teachers in teaching speaking English, namely: 1). Different student backgrounds, 2). Various student abilities, 3). Pressure from the institutions, 4). Students’ anxiety about their abilities. The researcher also found four problems faced by students in learning speaking in Kampung Inggris, namely: 1). Students’ anxiety about their abilities, 2). The relationship between teachers and students is not close, 3). Class selection is not age propriate, 4). Negative influence from the environment. In addition, the researcher identified 4 potential solutions for teachers in teaching English speaking in Kampung Inggris, namely: 1). Build a good relationship between teachers and students, 3). The teacher determines which teaching matrials are mastered by the teacher, 4). The teacher provides motivation to students. From these finding, the researcher suggests improving the wuality of teachers by updating the classroom management system, improving teaching methods, making appropriate teaching materials and evaluating the teaching and learning process. This is expected to be able to make the teaching and learning process more effective and conducive for both teachers and students.
 Keywords: Teaching English Speaking, Student Problems in Learning Speaking, Challenges and Solutions in Teaching Speaking, Kampung Inggris

PENGEMBANGAN SILABUS PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS BERWAWASAN EKOWISATA PADA KAMPUNG INGGRIS BERBASIS WISATA NEGERI SAWAI MALUKU TENGAH

This study aims to develop a syllabus of English language learning with an ecotourism perspective in a Tourism-Based English Village in Sawai, North Seram District, Central Maluku Regency. The development research carried out is intended to find out the learning syllabus used in tourism-based English villages in Sawai at this time, obtain data and conclusions about the syllabus used, compile and develop a syllabus that emphasizes the concept of ecotourism according to the needs of students in Kampung Inggris Sawai, obtaining the validity of test results from material, syllabus and curriculum experts, obtaining field test results on the syllabus that has been developed, and obtaining the feasibility results of the syllabus. The method used in this study is Research and Development (R&D). The syllabus development model uses procedures developed by Yalden, namely needs analysis, description of goals, selection of syllabus type development, making proto syllabus, making learning syllabuses, as well as evaluations that include validation from experts and trial stages. The syllabus that has been developed covers topics related to the concept of ecotourism in Sawai, namely environment, Asinahu River, Enjoy Your Stay, Weather and Season, Marine Tourism, Beach Watersport, Transportation, The Beauty of Ora, The Love Pond of Bubara Fish, The Hatupia Cliff, Natural Resources, Festivals in Sawai, Ecotourism, and Local Wisdom. Keywords: English Syllabus, Ecotourism, Sawai, Development

Dormitory Distinction and Integration of ‎Islamic Education Basic Values in “Kampung ‎Inggris” Pare

Various language course institutions in Indonesia are more focused on business oriented and ignore cultural values. Unlike the language institutions in Pare, Kediri, the dichotomy of material and moral values ​​is actually dissolved in local language institutions. The focus of this research was to portray the existence of reduction of Islamic value in the course institutions in Kampung Inggris (English Village), Pare, Kediri. Especially, additional activities carried out in the dormitory of the courses by assimilating lokal of Nahdlatul Ulama (an Islamic organization in Indonesia) traditions with the needs of language institutions. This research was conducted in the form of qualitative research by conducting observations and interviews. Interviews were conducted in the form of deep interviews to obtain broader and deeper data. Data collection was also carried out by involving the researcher directly and actively as an outsider in activities carried out by local communities assimilating to the agenda of the lokal course institutions. The result is that lokal culture in the form of values ​​and norms contributes to its own uniqueness in Kampung Inggris that are not found in other course institutions of other regions. These activities are accepted and applied in lokal course institutions with agendas such as tahlilan (ritual of salvation), islamic congregational prayer, diba'an ( prayer to God and Prophet) and so on.

LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY USING KAMPUNG INGGRIS SOCIAL MEDIA ACCOUNT

Currently learning can be done vocabulary can use social media. Social media that are widely used by the younger generation today are YouTube and Instagram, there are lots of YouTube and Instagram accounts for learning English, one of which is Kampung Inggris. Students who want to learn English in an easy and accessible way can view content on social media that has been presented by Kampung Inggris. This study aims to determine the use of social media YouTube and Instagram in Kampung Inggris as a method of learning vocabulary at SMPN 06 Bekasi. This study uses a qualitative method. In this study, interviews with English teachers will be conducted to find out more about learning English using Instagram and YouTube social media from Kampung Inggris. Questionnaires are given to students regarding the use of Instagram and YouTube social media during vocabulary learning at school, observations are made by giving some questions to find out which social media is more often used by students and documentation of student learning activities. The results of this study found that 66,66% of students prefer learning through YouTube than Instagram. Social media YouTube and Instagram also provide positive benefits for students because they can increase learning motivation and increase students' vocabulary.

ENGLISH TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN INCREASING STUDENTS’ LEARNING MOTIVATION: A CASE STUDY AT CAKE ENGLISH COURSE KAMPUNG INGGRIS PARE MATARAM

This research was conducted to find out and describe English Teachers’ strategies in increasing the students’ learning motivation. This is a descriptive qualitative study. Data sources were from three English teachers and first level students of Cake English Course Kampung Inggris Pare Mataram. Observation, interview, and questionnaire were used to collect the data from three teachers and students. It also used simple strategies to discuss inquiry strategy, expletory strategy, and instructional strategy applied by teacher in teaching. The results of observation, interview, and questionnaire proved that English teachers’ strategies in teaching have motivated the students to learn English. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that strategies used by the English teachers to increase the students’ learning motivation in teaching English are: speech strategy, discussion strategy, question and answer strategy, punish and reward strategy, homework strategy, group working, approach method, jokes, games, telling story, and using some media. Among those strategies, it is found that inquiry strategy could be used to increase and motivate their students’ learning moderately. The students of Cake English Course Kampung Inggris Pare Mataram have good responses to the English teachers who applied many kinds of strategies in teaching. The responses were shown from the students’ motivation – instrumental or innate - in following the teaching and learning activities.

The Realization of Formulaic Competence in the Classroom Interactions among Learners in Kampung Inggris Pare

A critical component in communicative competence is formulaic competence, enabling learners to create natural and fluent spoken and written texts. This competence refers to recurrent fixed expressions used by native speakers to communicate in daily life, such as collocations, idioms, lexical bundles, and insert/routines. This study aimed to investigate the formulaic expression by exposing Celce-Murcia (2007) and Biber et al.'s (1999) theory in the classroom interactions among learners in Kampung Inggris Pare. In addition, it used Lennon's (1990) theory to investigate the influence of formulaic language on the learners' fluency. A qualitative approach, exposing conversational analysis, was adopted to analyze the gathered data to fulfill the research objectives. The data were collected by observing the learners' interactions, including recording during the conversation. Thus, the current study reveals that Kampung Inggris, Pare learners produced all types of formulaic expressions. However, due to a lack of collocational awareness, they made simple combinations and tended to avoid more complex words with more than two particles. In addition, the learners who produced many formulaic expressions have high exclusive rates implying that the more formulaic expressions are used, the higher the fluency level will be obtained.

Students Response on Using Kampung Inggris LC Youtube Channel as the Media for Learning English Grammar

Technology is developed day by day. During covid-19 pandemic era educational system in every stage of school from playground until university already change their study system. English learning is one of the subjects that will not be accepted by Indonesian student without any direct explanation from the teacher. The media is one of the solutions for English learners to help them get more understanding on it especially for Grammatical subject. Kampung Inggris LC also well-known as the largest English language course in Indonesia. This study aims to determine students’ perceptions of learning grammar through Kampung Inggris Lc YouTube channel. We carried out this study with qualitative method through questionnaire that will be shared to our classmates using google form and analyse the viewers comment of some video. Then, we explained the result using description. The result of this study described about perception by students on employing Kampung Inggris YouTube channel as a media to learning grammar. In conclusion, this study investigated about the students’ perspective on learning grammar using Kampung Inggris Lc YouTube channel.

Teachers’ Strategies in Teaching Speaking at English Courses as a Foreign Language in Kampung Inggris

A successful learning process is determined by teaching strategies that are used by teachers. The strategies will affect the learning output of students. Many graduated students claim that they need more experience to study English. One alternative way to improve their ability is to join an English Course in Pare East Java-“Kampung Inggris”. The aim is to investigate how teaching speaking is done and what the strategies used to make and help students to speak in fun way. The focus of this research is to expose the uniqueness of those strategies. It belongs to ethnography research using observation, interview, and documentary. The populations are from four English courses that were elected by purposive sampling. The result shows that the most often teaching speaking strategies are pronunciation class, grammar for speaking, academic speaking, impromptu and public speaking.

Virtual Learning in English Course at LKP Mahesa Institute Kampung Inggris Pare Kediri

This study aims at describing virtual learning in English courses at LKP Mahesa Institute Kampung English Pare Kediri. This study employs a quantitative research design. The population and sample included 100 people with the ones taking courses at LKP Mahesa Institute Kampung Inggris Pare Kediri as the research subjects. The sampling technique used in this research is total sampling. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of percentages. The overall research results show that virtual learning with the approach of creating and sharing interactive content in English courses is categorized good with a percentage of 78.42%. These results are supported by the suitability of the results in each of the sub-variables, namely teaching quality, teaching level, incentive, and time. In this case, virtual learning with the approach of creating and sharing interactive content in English courses is quite effective. Therefore, this learning system is expected to be one of the new approaches that can be applied in English courses, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic which applies distance learning.

COMMUNICATIVE VISUAL MEDIA-BASED SPEAKING INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS AT PEACE KAMPUNG INGGRIS PARE

Behind the problems faced in the implementation of teaching English in schools, on the contrary, learning activities in Kampung Inggris Pare are reported as having exciting and enjoyable in terms of topics and exercises they do in the classroom. The teaching methods are varied, broad, and challenging. The variation of the topics avoids boredom in the learning. Therefore, this study investigated the teaching methods conducted in this immersive environment. This qualitative study was conducted in Peace, Kampung Inggris Pare, Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Six participants participated in this study. The data were collected through observations, interviews, documents, and visual photos. The data shows that, in teaching speaking, tutors in English Village Pare utilize a variety of media and integrated language skills, for example, by using visual media in the form of images. Five phases will be trained to achieve communicative goals in language learning, namely: pay attention to the pictures to store the concept in mind, construct the ideas about the photos (perception), regulate the way to express the ideas (mind mapping), speak up (describing the picture or anything to talk), communicative comprehension (speaking and listening session as a speaker or listener), and after review and practice the phases or activities many times, the students finally will reach the speaking fluency (ignoring filler and stuck), respect to the time, and communicative skills. This method can lead students to become successful language learners

The Implementation of Guessing Game to Improve The Speaking Ability of EFL Students in Excellent Course, Kampung Inggris, Pare, Kediri

Speaking English has been one of the most challenging skill for EFL students to master. Additionally, students should learn vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation in order to master speaking skill. The fluency and appropriateness of students’ speaking abilities should be improved. Speaking problems are common among students, including a lack of vocabulary, poor grammar and spelling, the last is the use of mother tongue. The researcher distributes a questionnaire to the participants in order to identify the students’ speaking difficulties and overcome them through a joyful Guessing Game technique. The participant in this study were students from Excellent Course, Kampung Inggris, Pare, Kediri, who were in speaking class with various school levels. In conducting this research Classroom Action Research as a method and Guessing Game as a teaching strategy. The study was conducted in a specific class for a week. The total number of the students participating in this study was 45 students, and they are divided into 3 classes in “Improving Speaking Class”. The instruments of this research are pre-test, post-test, speaking rubrics from Hugher (2003:131), and a questionnaire adapted from Ratna S, et al. (2017:33) and Djasminar A, et al (2012). The data was calculated using Ms. Excel. The result of the study shows that only 27% students succeed in doing the pre-test before implementing guessing game. Surprisingly, after guessing game was implemented the number has increased into 62% of the students proven to be a success in the post-test. It is reasonable to conclude that using guessing game to teach speaking is success. Furthermore, the students responded positively to being taught via guessing game and they seemed to enjoy the learning process. The outcome of the students’ perception questionnaire demonstrates this.

Menggagas Kampung Inggris Padang menjadi Kampung Inggris Masyarakat

The aim of this social service is to initiate an English camp in Padang to become an English Camp Village like other famous English camps. This English camp is still in the form of an English course where many students come here to study English for some purposes like to prepare to continue to under graduate degree; to get a job or to pass TOEFL test. As its name suggest, an English camp is not merely Englishmen who live there, but it is only a collection of English courses located in one area. Since there are students coming here to study so that the researcher names this course Kampung Inggris Padang. Based on the initiation carried out for this social service, it was found that there is improvement of students’ ability in speaking English like doing corversation or dialogue and reading aloud English textbook. If it is viewed from the participation of society, there are participations of people around the course like sharing ideas, skill, energy, social participation for better future of Padang English Camp. The prominece is that the realizing and caring of people about their children’s education.

USING SCRABBLE FOR LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY AT MAN 2 KUANTAN SINGINGI

Reading, writing, listening, and speaking are four language skills that need to be mastered. The skills include language components: vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and pronounciation. Among the language components, vocabulary become potential to be improved with various medias of learning since vocabulary is one of the main factors to understand a language. Therefore, this research is determined to find out the impacts of using scrabble for learning English vocabulary at Kampung Inggris Pare AEC MAN 2 Kuantan Singingi. The scrabble game can help the students understand vocabulary easily. They have to arrange words using the given letter tiles onto the board game. The method used to do this analysis is qualitative research method due to its suitability for generating the data properly. The result of this research shows that scrabble does not only improve the motivation and interest, but also students’ vocabulary mastery in term of spelling, pronouncing and memorizing of vocabulary, and also gives much contribution to their speaking ability as well. The class can be more enjoyable, and furthermore, such class can make the students enthusiastic and confident to speak English.

Bicycle lanes to improve road user safety and urban air quality

The government should provide paths for pedestrians and cyclists base on Indonesia Government Regulation No. 22 of 2009. Kampung Inggris located in Pare District is a destination for local tourists to learn English. Tourists and residents in Pare sub-district use bicycles for their daily mobility. Currently, there is a mix of traffic in the Pare Central Business Districts (CBD), this is due to the unavailability of bicycle lanes in that area. The purpose of this research is to determine a bicycle lane to improve cyclist safety and improve air quality in the Pare CBD. The analytical method used in this research is stochastic traffic assignment to assign the bicycle route by using the Origin-Destination of the cyclist. The results showed the origin-destination movement for bicycle users in Pare District is mostly directed to Tulungrejo, Pare, Tretek. There are three alternative routes based on the results of the analysis which will serve as a typical bicycle route in the Pare CBD. There are several facilities to support typical bicycle lanes such as markers, traffic signs, and bicycle parking which must be prepared and equipped to support typical bicycle lane planning facilities in the Pare CBD.

Speech Disfluency Made by Male and Female Learners at Kampung Inggris Semarang

In utterance, there must be some disfluency whether in normal people or in stutterer. Moreover, the disfluency would be different if it was categorized into two based on the gender. The researchers’ figures out the disfluency based on the gender, male and female. The article was to find out any types of disfluency that appear on the male and female speeches, to find the dominant type of disfluency occured in male and female speeches, the difference between male and female speeches, and the factors causing the disfluency made by male and female speeches. The sample was 24 English learners at Kampung Inggris Semarang, 12 males and 12 females. In collecting the data the researchers used observation and interview. In analysing the data, the researchers used the theory from Clark and Wasow supported by Johnson and Bortfeld et.al. The result showed that nine types of disfluency occur in learners’ speech, i.e filler, silent pause, revision, incomplete phrase, broken word, repetition, grammatical disfluency, prolongation, and false start. The dominant disfluency occured in male and female speeches was filler. In the dominant disfluency, males produced more filers than females, whereas silent pause was more produced in female speeches. Besides, there was some factors causing disfluency made by male and female learners of Kampung Inggris Semarang, which were related to psychological factors. It included cognitive factors and affective factors. In total, male produced more disfluency than female. Besides that male learner made more factors which could affect the disfluency in their speeches than female learners, male learners were more likely not in mastering grammar and vocabularies and getting prepared in materials.
 Keywords: Speech Disfulency, Factors Speech Disfluency, Disfluency

EFL Learners’ Willingness to Communicate, Language Learning Orientation, and Social Support in Kampung Inggris Pare

Abstract: this current study conducted to investigate any significant relationship among students’ willingness to communicate and language learning orientation as well as any significant relationship between students’ WTC and social support. It used quantitative design. There were 78 students participated in this study. They were studying English in Kampung Inggris Pare. For collecting the data, the students were asked to fill out three questionnaires; WTC questionnaire consist of 25 items, Language learning orientation questionnaire of20 items, and social support of 6 items. Pearson Product moment correlation was applied for calculating the data to know any possible correlation between the variables. From the data analysis showed that any significant correlation between students’ willingness to communicate and their language learning orientation. However, there was no any significant correlation between students’ WTC and social support. The result of the study showed that students’ language learning orientation is the best motivation for students to improve their English proficiency trough their willingness to communicate in regard to four English skills, speaking, reading, writing and comprehension. Although social support over all did not give significant correlation, some support from other friend and teacher positively correlated to students’ WTC in regard to speaking and writing skill. Keywords: Willingness to Communicate, Language Learning Orientation, Social Support

The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Internal Communication on Job Satisfaction and Performance of Informal Education Institution Employee

Employee performance at informal educational institutions has an important role in supporting the achievement of organizational goals. However, the identification of the determining factors and their impact on employee performance at the institution is often done partially. This study focuses on three factors, namely organizational commitment factors, internal communication, and job satisfaction. Specifically, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of organizational commitment and internal communication on job satisfaction and employee performance at informal educational institutions in Kampung Inggris, Pare Indonesia. In this study, organizational commitment and internal communication act as independent variables, employee performance acts as the dependent variable, and job satisfaction acts as a mediator variable. This study uses a questionnaire to collect data. The sample obtained and valid for use was 116. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis indicate that organizational commitment and internal communication factors have a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction and employee performance in informal educational institutions in Kampung Inggris, Pare region, Indonesia. This finding implies that these institutions need to find and implement ways to build a system of internal communication and organizational commitment and direct it to increase job satisfaction in order to improve the performance of their employees. Keywords: organizational commitment, internal communication, job satisfaction, employee performance DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-3-09 Publication date: January 31 st 2021