Kaluga Region Research Articles

Dynamics of milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed by lactations

The age of cow use is of big importance for the practice of dairy farming, since earlier culling of cows leads to a lack of milk, and later culling leads to the decrease in genetic progress. The purpose of the researches was to determine the dynamics of milk productivity of cows of Black-and-White breed by lactations. The researches have been carried out in the OJSC Breeding Farm “Oktyabrsky” in the Ferzikovsky district in the Kaluga region, where cattle of Black-and-White breed are bred. The object of researches was the breeding stock of Black-and-White cattle that had been lactating for five lactations. It has been found that the increase in milk yield occurred from I to IV lactation. For example, first-calf heifers had 6154,9 kg of milk yield and were statistically significantly inferior to cows of II lactation by 242,8 kg (P < 0,001) or by 3,9 %. The superiority of cows of III lactation over first-calf heifers in milk yield was 466,2 kg (P < 0,001) or 7,6 %. The maximum differences in milk yield between first-calf heifers and cows IV lactation were 704,8 kg (P < 0,001) or 11,5 %. Cows of V lactation also significantly outperformed of fi rst-calf heifers in milk yield by 381,6 kg (P < 0,01) or 6,2 %, but their milk yield was lower than that of cows during III and IV lactation. It has been revealed in the course of research that cows of all the studied lactations were characterized by sufficiently high milk productivity for cattle of Black-and-White breed. There was the increase in milk yield with the age of animals. The increase in milk yields dynamically occurs till IV lactation, and then their decrease is observed.

THE FAUNA OF INTESTINAL PARASITES OF SMALL CATTLE IN THE CONDITIONS OF PRIVATE FARMS

At all times, the study of farm animal parasitic diseases was one of the most important areas in the general spectrum of animal parasitoses, as farm animals can be a source of human infestation with helminthiasis. The studies were carried out at two private farms where small cattle are kept – one farm is located in the Kaluga Region (Dzerzhinsky District), and the other in the Tver Region (Konakovsky District). The study objects were sheep and goats of various age-sex groups (females and males aged 2–3 years and young animals aged up to 6 months), and the material was feces hand-selected from the rectum of animals. The selected feces were studied at the Department of Parasitology and Veterinary-Sanitary Inspection of the FSBEI of Higher Education FSBEI Mgavmib – MVA named after K.I.Skryabin according to generally accepted methods. As a result of helminthoovoscopic diagnostics, we found that the fauna of intestinal parasites at the farm in the Kaluga Region was represented by three types of nematodes, namely, Trichostrongylus sp., Nematodirus sp. and Capillaria sp., as well as protozoa of the genus Eimeria. In the feces of sheep from the farm in the Tver Region, pathogen eggs of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. and single protozoa of the genus Eimeria were also found. The fauna of intestinal parasites from these two farms is similar to each other; pathogens of the genus Trichostrongylus sp. prevail, which is obviously associated with similar conditions for small cattle keeping and feeding (the livestock is equipped with the Romanov sheep at both farms; animals have year-round grazing and are kept in a wooden sheep shed at night. Feeding with hay and filling, regular preventive measures, in particular, deworming of the stock twice a year). According to the results of the study of feces carried out at the Department, gastrointestinal strongylatoses are the prevailing parasitoses in animals from both farms.

Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations. The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole. In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.

Mathematical modeling of ixodic ticks of the Non-Black Earth Zone

The article discusses the impact of exogenous factors on the population of ixodic ticks. It is known that parasitic arthropods including ixodic ticks, are very susceptible to changes in climatic factors of a certain habitat. For the development of a population, it is necessary to study many factors: a certain air temperature, humidity or rainfall, daylight hours, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. The choice and number of hosts, the time limits of bloodsucking and diapause, and activity peaks depend on exogenous factors. In the Kaluga Region, cases of hemosporidial infections, anaplasmosis among animals, and borreliosis among people are recorded annually. Two species of ixodic ticks live in the Region: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Mathematical modeling in parasitology opens up great opportunities for predicting outbreaks of vector-borne infections and infestations without serious material costs. As a result, data were obtained on the strongest effect on the arthropod population of mean atmospheric pressure. With a simultaneous increase in the monthly average values of temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure, the number of active ixodic ticks will decrease. The advantage of the applied modeling allows taking into account the impact on the observed object of a combination of all factors and their interaction effects.

Mathematical modeling of ixodiс ticks and their hosts of the Non-Black Earth Zone

The article discusses the impact of exogenous factors on the population of ixodic ticks and small mammals. It is known that parasitic arthropods, mouse-like rodents are very susceptible to changes in climatic factors of a certain habitat. For the development of their population, it is necessary to study many factors: a certain air temperature, humidity or rainfall, daylight hours, cloud cover, and atmospheric pressure. The survival of small mammals, and therefore the number of ticks in the future, depends on exogenous factors. Mathematical modeling in parasitology opens up great opportunities for predicting outbreaks of vector-borne infections and infestations without serious material costs. As a result, calculation models of small mammals for the Kaluga Region and data on the most influence of the average atmospheric pressure, air temperature, and humidity on the arthropod population were obtained. The higher the ambient temperature is within the normal range for a certain territory, the more favorable the conditions for propagation are. Rainfall has the opposite effect. The analysis of the obtained model by ixodic ticks shows the strongest effect on the arthropod population of average atmospheric pressure. The advantage of the applied modeling allows taking into account the impact on the observed object of a combination of all factors and their interaction effects.

Влияние нового органоминерального комплекса «Гумитон» на продуктивность и качество зерновых культур на различных типах почв

Annotation. Purpose of research. Assessment of the effect of a new organic-mineral complex based on “Gumiton” peat on the yield and quality of spring and winter crops on various types of soil in the Kaluga and Rostov regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of field experiments in farms of various forms of ownership in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation, the influence of “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of grain crops was evaluated. Method of research. Laying and conducting field experiments were carried out according to Dospekhov B. A., agrochemical indicators of soils were determined by the method of Moscow State University, after harvesting, grain quality indicators were determined (the content of raw protein, fat, ash, dry matter) according to GOST R 50817-95, statistical processing of research results was performed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program with a 95 % level of significance of the results. Results. It was shown that the sheet processing “Gumiton” of barley plants in the phase of stooling on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a field experiment on the basis of Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture has increased the crop yield by 21 % and increased protein content in grain by 2 % compared to the control. Treatment of barley plants with “Gumiton” in the stages of entering the tube and earing in experiments on gray forest medium-loamy soil on the basis of Kaluga research Institute increased the yield by 11–17 % and the protein content in the grain to 2.2 %. In production tests of “Gumiton” on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil in the Fetisov Brothers farm in the Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region, processing of oat crops during the tillering phase with “Gumiton” increased the grain yield by 18%. Processing of winter wheat crops of various varieties with the drug in the phase of release into the tube in the farm “Ageeva A. V.” of Babyninsky district and in the farm “Fetisov Brothers” of Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region increased the crop yield by 18–21 %. The treatment of crops of winter wheat of different varieties with “Gumiton” in the earing phase in dark chestnut medium loam soil in farm “Rostok” of the Oryol district of Rostov region increased crop yield by 11–15 % depending on the predecessor. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analysis of data of field experiments in different soil and climatic conditions of Russia the high efficiency of the organo-mineral complex “Gumiton” as the effect on productivity of crops and enhancing the quality of products in agricultural lands in different soil types.

Продуктивность, питательная и энергетическая ценность травосмесей фестулолиума с бобовыми при разных способах посева в условиях Калужской области

Полевые исследования по изучению влияния черезрядного и смешанного способов посева двойных травосмесей фестулолиума с клевером луговым, люцерной изменчивой и козлятником восточным на продуктивность, питательную и энергетическую ценность корма проведены в 20152018 годах на серых лесных почвах Калужской области. Почва опытного участка серая лесная среднесуглинистая, содержание гумуса 2,8, рН 5,8, валовое содержание азота 0,12, подвижного фосфора 135 мг/кг, обменного калия 100 мг/кг почвы. Способ посева бобовых трав и фестулолиума в двойных травосмесях не оказал существенного влияния на урожайность зелёной массы и сухого вещества. В среднем за 3 года наибольший урожай зелёной массы и сухого вещества получен при посеве смеси фестулолиума и люцерны изменчивой: при черезрядном способе посева он составил соответственно 43,5 и 9,2 т/га, при смешанном посеве 43,9 и 9,3 т/га. Травосмесь с участием козлятника восточного по продуктивности уступала другим вариантам, что объясняется медленным развитием козлятника в первые годы жизни. При черезрядном посеве доля его участия в первый год пользования составляла 30, во второй 40, в третий 59. Клевер луговой имел наибольшую долю участия в травосмесях по сравнению с другими бобовыми: 5557 при черезрядном посеве и 5658 при смешанном посеве. Его присутствие снижалось в смесях во второй год пользования. Клевер луговой сорта Делец отличался более интенсивным развитием и бльшим участием в травосмесях по сравнению с сортом Орловский. Люцерна изменчивая сорта Сарга, начиная с первого года пользования, активно внедрялась в травостой смеси и доминировала в нём во второй и третий годы пользования. Способ посева компонентов в изучаемых травосмесях незначительно влиял на сбор обменной энергии и сырого протеина. Наибольший сбор обменной энергии в сумме за два укоса был получен в травосмеси фестулолиума с люцерной изменчивой: 90,0 ГДж/га при смешанном посеве и 1,71 т/га сырого протеина при черезрядном способе посева. Field trials took place in the Kaluga region in 20152018. The investigation tested productivity, nutritional and energy values of festulolium swards combined with red clover, bastard alfalfa or eastern goats rue as affected by skip-row and mixed seeding patterns. Seeding pattern had no significant influence on green and dry mass (DM) productivity. Festulolium and alfalfa yielded the best for 3 years. Green and dry mass yields amounted to 43.5 and 9.2 t ha-1 under skip-row seeding and 43.9 and 9.3 t ha-1 in mixtures, respectively. Eastern goats rue mixtures had the lowest yield due to slow development in the first years. Eastern goats rue proportion reached 30, 40 and 59 in the first, second and third years, respectively, under skip-row planting patterns. Red clover was more abundant in mixtures compared to other legumes: 5557 under skip-row sowing and 5658 in mixtures. Its proportion dropped down in the second year. Red clover Delets developed faster and better than Orlovskiy in mixtures. Alfalfa Sarga dominated in mixtures in the second and third years. Seeding pattern insignificantly affected exchange energy and crude protein yields. Festulolium-alfalfa mixture had the highest exchange energy content (90.0 GJ ha-1) for two cuts. Under skip-row seeding they produced 1.71 t ha-1 of crude protein.

DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX IN THE KALUGA REGION

The agro-industrial complex plays one of the most important roles in the region’s economy and its development, including a large number of industries that are closely related to each other. Being aimed at the production of agricultural raw materials, their processing and distribution of the finished product, it is the main source of food for population, thus becoming one of the factors on which the quality and standard of living in the region depends. The degree of food security of a country also depends on the effectiveness of agriculture and related industries. Development of the agricultural sector requires substantial modernization of economy, which largely depends on the investment attractiveness and investment potential of the industry, which is dynamically changing depending on the market conditions and the socio-economic situation in the region. In these conditions, the assessment of the development of agroindustrial complex in the Kaluga Region and its investment potential as one of the fundamental industries in the region is of particular relevance. The article explores the investment potential of agro-industrial complex in the Kaluga Region using various methods: by analyzing socio-economic characteristics of the region, conducting a SWOT analysis and assessing investment potential using a simplified method based on the determination of key indicators within the production, financial, investment and export components of the potential . The results of the SWOT analysis show that the main strengths of the industry are its high innovative potential, investment climate and the availability of government support programs. Assessment of investment potential confirms the high level of development of the complex.

Влияние регулятора роста «Зеребра Агро» на формирование урожая сортов сои в условиях Калужской области

Исследования проведены в условиях полевого опыта на дерново-подзолистых супесчаных почвах в 20162017 годах и заключались в выявлении потенциальной урожайности сортов сои северного экотипа и определении эффективности действия ростостимулирующих препаратов в агроклиматических условиях Калужской области. Объектами исследований были сорта сои Магева, Светлая и Касатка. В последнее время в растениеводстве для подавления фитопатогенной микрофлоры доказана возможность применения в низких концентрациях солей серебра. На растениях применяют серебросодержащие препараты коллоидные растворы, содержащие наноразмерные частицы металлического серебра, широкого спектра биологического действия. Регулятор роста Зеребра Агро , применяемый в исследованиях на культуре сои, создан на основе коллоидного серебра. Его положительное действие в первую очередь определяется влиянием ионов серебра на растения за счёт ингибирования отклика клеток на фитогормон этилен, что приводит к соответствующим изменением баланса физиологических процессов. Применение регулятора роста Зеребра Агро для обработки семян и вегетирующих посевов сои позволило увеличить высоту растений в среднем за 2 года на 23 см, площадь листьев в фазу налива семян на 2,78,8 тыс. м2/га, урожайность семян на 0,10,23 т/га, содержание белка на 2,03,7, а содержание жира на 0,10,3 в сравнении с контролем. Показано действие регулятора роста Зеребра Агро на повышение устойчивости растений сои к неблагоприятным факторам внешней среды, болезням, а также на рост и развитие растений, продуктивность сои и качество продукции. The investigation took place in 20162017 on sod-podzolic sandy soil. The goal was to determine a potential productivity of northern soybean varieties and an effectiveness of growth regulators in the Kaluga region. Soybean varieties Mageva, Svetlaya and Kasatka performed as objects of the study. Lately Crop Production showed that low concentrations of Ag salts negatively affect phytopathogenic microflora. Plants get treated by silver-containing preparations colloidal solutions containing Ag nanoparticles of wide spectrum of biological action. Growth regulator Zerebra Agro is based on colloidal silver and used on soybean. Ag slows down plant cell response in the presence of ethylene changing the chain of physiological reactions. Treatments of soybean seeds and plants with Zerebra Agro increased plant height by 23 cm for 2 years, leaf surface at seed formation time by 2.78.8 thousand m2 ha-1, seed yield by 0.10.23 t ha-1, protein content by 2.03.7, fat concentration by 0.10.3. This paper also reports on the effect of Zerebra Agro on soybean resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant growth, yield and quality.

The Scientific Basis for the Prevention of Zooanthroponoze Vector-Borne Diseases Spread by Parasitic Arthropods of the Center of the East European Plain

The purpose of the research is development of preventive measures against zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases spread by parasitic arthropods in the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. The subject of the research was Ixodidae, mosquitoes, and small mammals inhabiting the Kaluga Region. The census of parasitic arthropods was carried out on the territory of all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga. Open natural habitat and human settlements were investigated. Weather conditions from 2013 to 2018 were also taken into account. For the purposes of the study, we used standard methods for capturing and counting arthropods and mouse-like rodents. In order to obtain mathematical models of small mammal populations, a full factorial experiment was conducted using the collected statistical data. In-process testing of the drug based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide were carried out under the conditions of the agricultural collective farm “Niva” of the Kozelsky District, the Kaluga Region, and LLC “Angus Center of Genetics” of the Babyninsky District, the Kaluga Region. Results and discussion. In the Kaluga Region, two species of ixodic ticks are found, namely, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, which have two activity peaks. Mosquito may have 3-4 generations in a year in the Kaluga region. The most common mosquito species in the Kaluga Region are Aedes communis, Ae. (Och.) togoi and Ae. (Och.) diantaeus, Culex pipiens Culex Linnaeus, 1758 (Diptera, Culicidae) (Culex pipiens): Cx. pipiens f. pipiens L. (non-autogenic form) and Cx. p. f. molestus Fors. (autogenic form), which interbreed, and reproductively isolated in the Region. The developed mathematical models make it possible to quantify the risks of outbreaks of zooanthroponoze vector-borne diseases without the cost of field research, and allow for rational, timely and effective preventive measures. Medications based on s-fenvalerate and piperonyl butoxide and based on cyfluthrin showed high insecto-acaricidal efficacy and safety.

Identification and Characterization of Bluetongue Virus Serotype 14 in Russia.

This paper reports a case of bluetongue virus (BTV) infection in the Smolensk and Kaluga regions of Russia in 2011–2012. The virus was initially detected in heifers transferred in Russia from Germany through Poland and Belarus in 2011. On day 27 of quarantine, RNA and infectious viruses of BTV were detected in four heifers, but five were serologically positive. However, on day 3 before shipment, all heifers were seronegative and PCR-negative for BTV. Thus, a few animals from this consignment were viremic without any evident subclinical infection. Based on Seg-2 (VP2 gene) and Seg-5 (NS1 gene) sequencing, the recovered virus had 99.86–100% nucleotide identity with BTV-14-like viruses such as the vaccine BTV-14 strain RSArrrr/BTV 14 and the BTV-14 isolates detected in Lithuania and Poland in 2012. Subsequently, BTV-14 was also reported in local animals in two regions of Russia. During the monitoring survey, 1623 local animals within a 300-km radius were tested, of which 471 tested positive by ELISA and 183 by PCR for BTV-14 RNA. No other serotypes were identified in either imported or aboriginal animals within that radius. The Culicoides midges trapped at the site of the outbreak in May 2012 tested positive for the BTV-14 genome, indicating that the possible mechanism of spread most likely occurs via vector bites. However, further investigation is required to confirm this hypothesis, which would provide an improved understanding of the circulation and overwintering of BTV in northern latitudes.

Institutions of regional development in the infrastructure support of the regional economy

The article examines the role of regional development institutions in the infrastructure support of the socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Changes are revealed at the meso-economic level that are possible in the post-industrial development of the economy of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. As a result of the study, it was concluded that 48 percent of the total funds available from regional development institutions accounted for the five leading regions: the Republic of Tatarstan, Moscow and Moscow Regions, Lipetsk, Kaluga Regions and St. Petersburg. By the share of gross regional product (GRP), the list of regions was headed by the Kaluga and Lipetsk regions, which is explained by the large volumes of investments attracted through development institutions and the relatively small size of the regional product and the population of these regions. The authors summarize the experience of managing regional development institutions, conclude that it is necessary to increase the degree of influence on the development of the economic and social infrastructure of the regions of the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as to eliminate regional imbalances in development. The main directions in the implementation of this approach are: Creation of an organizational mechanism for the formation of management structures to coordinate socio-economic development (for example, project administrations) on the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation or several municipal entities within the framework of one constituent entity of the Federation. Development of financial mechanisms to support the activities of these inter-regional and inter-municipal administrations (hereinafter referred to as project administrations). Improving the mechanisms of interaction between state and municipal authorities, public organizations and other civil society institutions and business structures operating in the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation and / or municipalities.

FACTORS OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SECURITY

During the last two decades The Russian Federation experienced a serious external pressure on the part of western countries, including the impact of unfair competition on global commodity markets and sectional costs. At the same time global geo-political space is undergoing changes too. Principle risks and threats to national and regional economic security, which kept arising in the previous years in many regions of the country, are becoming the most topical. Our home market demonstrates different dynamics of its development, which is characterized by low economic growth, regional disproportions in social and economic development, shortage of investment. Positive indicators include relative sustainability of economy, surplus of regional budgets, success of certain entities of the country in attaining strategic goals, a high level of openness of Federation entities’ economy. In this context identification of key risks and threats to regional economic security acquires special importance, designing approaches to their minimization and elimination is also essential. Unfortunately, there is no universal approach to their elimination in the global practice, however, it is possible to lower their impact on social and economic sphere. The authors analyzed a number of key factors influencing economic security in regions. Two large macro-regions of Russia, i. e. the Central and the Privolzhskiy Federal districts were investigated. Using their example entities, which are included in these districts, were typified by dynamics of certain indicators. It showed serious differentiation, the trends of investment shortage dominates in the majority of regions. In both districts, mentioned above the share of investment into fixed capital in gross regional product and returns on assets ratio decreased. Only the Kaluga region as an entity of the Central Federal district shows positive dynamics. Specific weight of shipped innovation products in the total volume of industrial output (indicator) demonstrates the level of economic security of the area in view of its competitiveness. The authors showed that the number of regions with growing dynamics of innovation products output is prevailing. Disproportions in key indicators of regional economic security were found. Positive factors of its growth, such as availability of serious potential of innovation economy development were identified.

The Experience of the Kaluga Regional Rospotrebnadzor Office and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Kaluga Region in Ensuring Sanitary and Epidemiologic Wellbeing in the Region during 2018 FIFA World Cup

The article describes joint experience of the Kaluga Regional Rospotrebnadzor Office and the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Kaluga Region in ensuring sanitary and epidemiological wellbeing of participants and guests of the Championship and the population of the Kaluga Region during 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia. Materials and methods. Based on statistics and open access publications, we analyzed the current epidemiologic situation both in the countries of the football teams coming to the Kaluga Region and in the region itself, predicted possible import of communicable diseases and severity of likely consequences. The assessment enabled us to rank external and internal epidemiologic threats and develop a comprehensive plan of targeted preventive measures. In order to enhance the efficiency of planned activities and to prevent man-made emergencies, we made a comprehensive assessment of environmental safety in the region as a whole paying special attention to placement of the Senegal team, accommodation for the Championship guests, and hazardous industrial enterprises. Results. Careful planning of activities and strict adherence to the plan allowed us to achieve the goals: during preparation and until the end of the championship, no emergency situations were registered in the Kaluga Region, infectious disease rates did not exceed long-term averages, and environmental quality indices proved its safety.

Technical and economic analysis of the efficiency of a low-power wind farm in the climatic conditions of the center of the European part of Russia

Nowadays, the world is actively developing alternative energy based on solar energy and wind energy. The reason for this is the obvious signs of global warming, probably caused by the emissions of greenhouse gases - products of combustion of fossil fuels. The production of electrical energy at solar and wind power plants, unlike traditional thermal power plants, does not lead to the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This article examines the potential of wind power plants in the central zone of the European part of Russia, using the example of the Kaluga region. The open climatic data METAR of the meteorological station of the Kaluga International Aerodrome named after Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (KLF) was used when writing the paper. Authors used data on the average wind speed for three-hour intervals over one year. An analysis of the wind speed was carried out and a graph of the probability of observing one or another wind speed was built. The graph showed that the average wind speed in the Kaluga region is about 2 ... 4 m / s. The calculation of the generation of electrical energy by a serial low-power wind generator was made, the coefficient of utilization of the installed capacity of the ICUM = 7% was determined. It has been established that the Kaluga region has a low wind energy potential. It is possible to obtain electricity from wind in the Kaluga Region, but calculations shown that the payback period for such power plants under these conditions, even without taking into account the costs of installation, auxiliary equipment and maintenance of the wind generator, is about 30 years. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is no economic feasibility of operating low-power wind power plants in the central zone of the European part of Russia.

Soil algae and cyanobacteria of Moscow State University educational-scientific station «Satino»

The species composition of soil algae and cyanobacteria in landscapes with different types of land use was studied for the first time on the territory of the Lomonosov Moscow state University educational and scientific station (Kaluga region). 125 species and intraspecific taxa of algae and 35 species of cyanobacteria were found. The specificity of algal-cyanobacterial communities in soils under different types of forest, in clearings of different ages and on arable land was revealed. In a field experiment, the effect of hydrocarbon fuel contamination (gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel) on the algal-cyanobacterial communities of sod-podzolic soils was studied. It is shown that with the same primary load of pollutants, their toxicity to algae and cyanobacteria and the rate of recovery of algal-cyanobacterial communities depends on the type of land use of the territory, and with the same type of land use – on the water regime of soils. In the same soil, the specific of the pollutant also affects the recovery of algal-cyanobacterial communities. Data on the composition of algae and cyanobacteria successfully complement information about the biological activity of soils obtained by other methods.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТА ДИГИДРОКВЕРЦЕТИНА И ПРЕБИОТИКА АРАБИНОГАЛАКТАНА НА БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ КРОВИ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ ПЕЧЕНИ СВИНЕЙ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ

The article presents the materials of an experiment conducted in the Kaluga region, Zhukovsky district, farm named after Guryanov, on three groups of pigs, large white breed, 10 animals each, two of which were experimental, and one control. The experimental groups of pigs received feed, balanced on nutrients, the first experimental group also received dihydroquercetin in the amount of 1 mg/kg of live weight per day, the second, experimental group received arabinogalactan 1,0 mg/kg of live weight per day. Feed additives were introduced into the diet of piglets from 15 days of age to slaughter at the age of 194 days. The experiment took place during the period of abnormal heat and smog. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that the introduction of antioxidant, prebiotic actions into natural feed contributed to an increase in the body's adaptive ability to stress factors, correction of metabolic processes, which as a result ensured a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs.

Justification of priority factors affecting the efficiency of the tractor fleet

Analysis of numerous sources shows that the following group of factors can be distinguished, which can be said to be the main ones: Qualification of machine operator, Annual load of tractors, Number of tractors per 1000 ha of arable land, Age of machinery in the tractor fleet, Agrotechnical terms of harvesting and sowing within the agro-term, General technical level of technology in the tractor fleet, The costs of maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery in the tractor fleet, Tractor technical readiness factor. Based on the methodology for calculating the coefficient of concordance for each group of factors, as a measure of the consistency of a group of experts, priority factors are identified that affect the operation of the tractor fleet. Experts of farms and workers of agricultural departments of Russia took part in the examination, namely: Kaluga region, Kostroma region, Tula region, Yaroslavl region and other organizations. In total, 30 people independently participated in the examination: farm managers, chief engineers, agronomists, etc.

Динамика физического развития детей из Калужской области, облучённых вследствие инкорпорации I-131 на разных этапах раннего онтогенеза

Динамика физического развития детей из Калужской области, облучённых вследствие инкорпорации I-131 на разных этапах раннего онтогенеза

Parents and children in time of isolation: external and internal factors of mutual understanding

Relevance. The introduction of quarantine measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the spring of 2020 has dramatically changed the format of social life leaving an imprint on social interactions within large and small groups. Moving school and college students to the distance education format and the employees of many enterprises to the remote format of work has brought changes both at the level of relationships within school teams and at the level of family relationships. The objective of the study is to determine the external and internal factors of mutual understanding between parents and children during the period of isolation. Design The sample consisted of 214 parents of schoolchildren living in the cities of the Central Federal District, mainly in the Kaluga Region. The survey was conducted online in April-May 2020 and used Google Forms. External stress factors (housing conditions, financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection for remote work / study for all family members) as well as the degree of mutual understanding were studied using a questionnaire. To assess internal factors TIPI-RU, “SHPANA” (PANAS), Brief Cope questionnaires and a questionnaire of behavior style in conflict were used. Based on the results of the study a model for the indirect influence of external stressors (financial problems, the sufficiency of computer technology and the quality of Internet connection) on the mutual understanding of children and parents was developed. This influence is mediated by affective states, coping strategies and the style of behavior of parents in conflict. Such personal qualities of the parents as conscientiousness and emotional stability are also important. Mutual understanding between parents and children is facilitated by a positive emotional attitude of parents, their use of coping strategies such as positive reappraisal, planning, humor, acceptance, as well as styles of behavior in a conflict aimed at reconciliation and compromise. Conclusions. The results of the study showed the need for a differentiated and individual approach to the study of the psychological reactions of the population to the situation of a pandemic and quarantine. Many families perceived the current situation as an opportunity to devote more time to communication and self-development, to the development of children and relationships. The results obtained may reflect the regional specifics – the study was carried out in cities with a less stringent (compared to Moscow) isolation regime during the quarantine period.