Kali River Research Articles

Can benthic foraminiferal morpho-groups be used as indicators of paleomonsoonal precipitation?

A technique is proposed for the quick and easy assessment of paleomonsoonal precipitation through the study of morphological groups of foraminifera in a shallow water (20 m water depth) sediment core collected off Karwar, near Kali river mouth, central west coast of India. The percentage distribution of two morpho-groups (i.e. rounded-symmetrical and angular-asymmetrical morpho-groups) showed considerable fluctuations which correlate well with the 7 years average rainfall over a period of 116 years of the catchment area of Kali river. The dominance of rounded-symmetrical forms indicates a period of higher rainfall whereas angular-asymmetrical forms tend to increase in abundance during dry periods (poor monsoons). The inferences drawn shown high potential in generating proxy data for paleomonsoonal precipitation required to develop predictive climatic models.

The first five months of the supa reservoir, river Kali, India

AbstractThe Supa Reservoir began to fill in 1984, as part of a hydroelectric power scheme on the Kali River in south‐central India. There were significant increases in electrical conductivity and concentrations of chloride, phosphate, iron and manganese in the impounded water during the filling phase. There were also decreases in pH, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen, accompanied by the evolution of hydrogen sulphide. Nutrients leached from the flooded soil and from decomposition of submerged vegetation contributed to blooms of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. The new reservoir has potential for fisheries based on two major carp species, the mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala) and the rohu (Labeo rohita).

Tectonics of the Central Crystallines of western Himalaya

The crystalline sheet of the Higher Himalaya, referred to as the Central Crystallines, is a continuous lithotectonic unit which can be traced from the River Kali of eastern Kumaun in the east to Sankoo in the Suru River valley of Kashmir in the west. The principal lithostratigraphic units of this zone are pelites, psammites, gneisses, amphibolites, migmatites and leucocratic granites. The rocks of this zone show progressive regional metamorphism of normal as well as reverse types, the metamorphic grade ranging from chlorite to sillimanite zone. The Main Central Thrust, which demarcates the southern boundary of the Central Crystallines, has brought the crystalline rocks to rest over the sediments of Deoban Group in Kumaun and Garhwal and over the Outer Crystallines (=Chail-Jutogh Nappe) in Himachal Pradesh. The evidence obtained from metamorphism, deformation and radiometric dating indicate that the Central Crystallines is an old Precambrian basement which has been reactivated during Caledonian and Alpine orogenic movements.

Exercise Kali Cushion – The Joint Services Hovercraft Expedition to the River Kali Gandaki, West Nepal

Exercise Kali Cushion – The Joint Services Hovercraft Expedition to the River Kali Gandaki, West Nepal

Studies on the age and growth of the bata, Labeo bata (Ham.) (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) from the river Kali, India

Age and growth of Labeo bata (Ham.) was studied by the analysis of annuli found on the scale and by length-frequency distribution. The fish attained lengths of 131, 194, 236, 277, 314, 341 and 364 mm at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th years of life respectively. The increase in length of scale bears a constant relationship with the increase in length of fish, and regression analysis yielded a straight line between scale and body length. Calculated values could be expressed as: Y = −2.534 + 0.064 X

Studies on the reproductive biology of a carp,Labeo gonius(Ham.) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

Summary Sex ratio, size and age at first maturity, maturation and spawning, breeding season, and fecundity of L. gonius were investigated in the river Kali. The overall sex ratio between males and females was 1 : 1·86. Males were dominant in the smaller size groups and the females in larger ones. Males matured earlier than the females, at a length of 170 mm while females matured at 180 mm. Both sexes at this size belonged to I + age group. Only one stock of oocytes were present in the ovary. Each individual spawned only once in a season which lasted from July to August. The average fecundity was 96 477. It increased proportionately with body and gonad weight and at the power of 3·6963 to that of body length.

Reproductive biology of the carp, Labeo bata (Ham.) from the River Kali, India

Spawning in Labeo bata occurs during July and August. Each individual spawns only once, with the onset of spawning directly dependent on the monsson season. Its success depends upon the access of gravid fish to a suitable spawning ground. The average fecundity is 192 785.

Nepal-India Boundary Issue: River Kali as International Boundary

Not available.Key words: River; Nepal India Relations; International boundaryTribhuvan University Journal Vol XXIII, No. 1, 2001 Page: 1-21 Uploaded date: 21 April, 2011

Notes on a Visit to Western Tibet in 1926

with each other as far as Khela, in the valley of the Kali river, our frontier against Nepal; from this place the Darma valley branches off to the north, past the lovely Panch Chulha peak, and at its head lies the Nue, or Darma pass, leading direct to Gyanima. The other, and easier, route is up the Kali valley via Garbyang to the Lipu Lek pass, within easy reach of the big market at Taklakot. On this route is encountered the famous, or rather notorious, Nirpania cliff, the worst part of which can now be turned by a detour along the Nepalese bank of the river. The valleys above named pierce the central chain of the Himalaya, and are the home of the Bhotias, a people probably of Tibetan origin, though now professing the Hindu religion. They have a monopoly of the trade between India and Western Tibet, a monopoly of which no one is likely to deprive them while communications remain in their present state. Undoubtedly the easiest of the passes is the Lipu Lek, 16,750 feet high. This can be crossed by mules and ponies eight months in the year ; but it should not be treated with contempt, for I know a Bhotia who lost his toes on it in November, three or four years ago. The Bhotias of Chaudans and Byans, the northern pattis of the Kali valley, usually cross into Tibet in July and return in October. Taklakot is about 7 miles across the border. Under orders from the Government of India, I visited Western Tibet in 1926 to investigate conditions of trade between the Tibetans and the Bhotias. The latter carry up every year grain, rice, cloth, and various kinds of haberdashery, returning with wool, borax, and salt. But for them Western Tibet would probably starve, as the high altitude of most of the plateau, and the nomadic habits of the people, render cultiva? tion impossible. Before the British expedition to Lhasa in 1904 no officers had, so far as I know, visited this part of the country on duty. But in 1905 Mr. C. A. Sherring, of the Indian Civil Service, was deputed to report on trade and to cultivate friendly relations with the officials. He de? scribed his experiences in ' Western Tibet and the British Borderland/ He was followed, in 1908 and 1911 respectively, by Messrs. Cassels and Stiffe, of the same Service, acting under similar orders. Since then a number of complaints from Bhotias concerning trade restrictions had accumulated, and it was thought desirable to have them inquired into.