Juvenile Convict Research Articles

Forms of prevention of crimes and other offenses by groups of minors in places of prisonance

Subject of research: forms of preventive influence used in educational colonies in relation to groups of minors whose activities are focused on committing crimes and other offenses. Purpose of research: to analyze the complex of forms of preventive influence used at the present stage of development of the penal system in relation to delinquent groups of convicts in educational colonies, to identify shortcomings in their implementation, to propose a number of new forms of prevention for the practice of educational colonies that can affect the group delinquent activity of juvenile convicts. Methods and objects of research: the basis of the research is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, along with which formal-legal, logical and systemic-structural methods were used; when considering individual issues of prevention, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were used. Main results of research: it is proposed to normatively consolidate and in the process of prevention consider the group of convicted offenders held in a correctional colony as the main object of preventive influence. The limitations of preventive forms that the administration of the educational colony has the ability to use are established. The conclusion is drawn about the inconsistency of federal legislation and by-laws in the field of prevention of group crimes and other offenses of convicts. The directions for improving the forms of preventive influence are revealed, which are based on proposals for including in such a process the disengagement and reorientation of offending groups. For practical purposes, circumstances are given that may complicate the use of these forms of influence.

Факторы криминализации несовершеннолетних осужденных

The article discusses the features and factors of criminalization of minors, analyzes the reasons for the involvement of adolescents in the criminal subculture. It also presents a generalized socio-psychological portrait of juvenile convicts serving sentences in educational colonies; The results of a study of risk factors, prevalence and specificity of elements of the criminal subculture (motives for acceptance, aspects of subordination to criminal leaders, etc.) among juvenile convicts are considered, and the directions of correctional and preventive work of penitentiary psychologists and other employees in this social group are shown.

Peculiarities and debatable aspects of the grounds for applying incentive measures to juvenile prisoners

Incentive measures may be applied to juvenile convicts for conscientious behavior and attitude to work and education, active participation in the work of amateur organizations and educational activities (paragraph 1, part 1, article 144 of the Criminal Executive Code of Ukraine). However, the legislator does not define the content of most of the grounds for the application of incentive measures established by him, therefore the article clarifies the essence and peculiarities of each of them. The author analyzed the difference between such reasons and the reasons for applying incentive measures to adult convicts, defined in paragraph 1, part 1, article 130 CECU. The article establishes the meaning of the evaluative nature of the grounds for applying incentive measures. The author revealed the meaning of the terms "conscientious" and "active". The author considered the interpretation of the essence of the analyzed grounds in the Methodological recommendations of the State Department of Ukraine for Execution of Punishments regarding the organization of work related to the application of parole to persons deprived of their liberty by 2005, in the Methodological recommendations of the SDUEP for drawing up a characteristic of convicts by 2008 and in the Methodological recommendations for assessing the degree of correction of convicts by 1979. The article reveals various views of scientists regarding the understanding of the content and scope of the researched grounds for the use of incentive measures. Therefore, the author clarified the criteria for determining the presence of signs of conscientiousness in the convict's behavior and characterized the essence of the conscientious behavior of the convict, his conscientious attitude to work and education; and features of active participation of convicts both in the work of amateur organizations and in educational activities were revealed. The article states the need to more clearly formalize the content and scope of the grounds for applying incentive measures to juvenile convicts at the legislative level. The author proposed to legally distinguish 5 types of the following grounds: 1) conscientious behavior; 2) conscientious attitude to work; 3) conscientious attitude to education; 4) active participation in the work of amateur organizations; 5) active participation in educational activities.

SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONTENT AND CORRECTION OF JUNIOR CONVICTED IN THE IDEAL HERITAGE OF N. M. YADRINTSEV

The purpose of this work involves a systematic reconstruction of the sociological views of the leader of the movement of Siberian regionalists - N. M. Yadrintsev on the problem of the regime of detention and mechanisms for the correction of juvenile delinquents. The relevance of the study is dictated by scientific, academic and practical tasks. Firstly, this fragment of the enlightenment’s ideological heritage has not yet received adequate coverage in literature. Therefore, the results of our work can contribute to the development of the subject area of the history of sociological thought in Russia. Secondly, the study can be useful in developing the doctrinal foundations of modern state penitentiary policy. The work is based on the methodology of the “new social history” and the provisions of the “new intellectual history”, which allows us to consider social phenomena through the prism of the individual, and not the state. Textual analysis of N. M. Yadrintsev’s works on the stated topic was also widely used. In the course of the study, it was established that the Siberian thinker advocated the separation of juvenile prisoners from adult inmates and the establishment of a special regime of detention for this category of forced prisoners. The article notes that when considering the problem of keeping juvenile criminals in isolation from society, the Siberian regionalist recorded the consistent humanization of the criminal punishment itself for children. The authors also show that in the matter of re-education of juvenile convicts, the publicist proposed the speedy introduction of educational supervision for the purpose of moral influence on child criminals. In general, it is concluded that N. M. Yadrintsev developed a rational method of correction, which should be based on examples from social life that give concepts about the mutual connection of people.

Patterns of Islamic Religion Development for Juvenile Convicts at Special Child Development Institute (LPKA) Class I Martapura

Adolescence is a process of transition of a human being from childhood to adulthood. In this phase, there are many behavioral deviations committed by a person, so that religious education, especially Islam, is needed to overcome these various deviations. The Martapura Class I Special Development Institutions for Children is an institution that focuses on providing guidence to adolescents who are concidered problematic according to lawsuits so that one day they can recover and obtain religious provisions to be brought into society. The aim of this research is to find out the pattern of fostering the Islamic religion for juvenile convicts at the institution, including the development of worship, faith and morals. This research is a type of field research with a qualitative descriptive method. The research subjects here are the mentors and three youths assisted at the institutions, while the object of research is the pattern of Islamic religious development for juvenile convicts. The data collection techniques that the authors use are interviews, documentation, and observation which are the processed through reduction, presentation, data verification and conclusion. Based on the data found, the pattern of fostering Islam for juvenile convicts at the Children’s Special Development Institution is worship coaching that focuses on learning the Koran, creed, prayer, dhikr, tahlilan. Development of aqidah that focused on learning the pillars of faith and monotheism. Moral development aimed at forming noble behavior.

Правовые основы деятельности уголовно-исполнительных инспекций по исполнению наказания в виде исправительных работ в отношении несовершеннолетних осужденных

The article analyzes the legal basis of the activities of penal enforcement inspections for the execution of punishment in the form of correctional labor in relation to juvenile convicts. The problems of an organizational and legal nature in the implementation of this type of punishment are revealed. Attention is drawn to the peculiarities of the execution of correctional labor in relation to certain categories of minors. The features of the interaction of penal enforcement inspections with other bodies and institutions of state power in the execution of this type of criminal punishment are considered.

At the Edge of Space: The Archaeology of Boundaries within a Landscape for Young Convicts

Within a landscape, boundaries are the physically or socially defined lines that mark the limits of spaces. They can appear static and binary, and therefore analytically restricted. Yet it is argued here that while space is often analyzed in archaeology to inform social, economic, or institutional interpretations of a landscape, the analysis of boundaries is a complimentary method that captures movement, control, and prohibition mechanisms. Analyzing boundaries is shown to reveal aspects of change – sometimes diachronic and sometimes ephemeral – and a malleability that is often linked to materiality. The examination of the early nineteenth-century historical boundaries of Point Puer, a juvenile convict prison (1834–49) located in lutruwita/Tasmania, Australia, is used as a case study to illustrate their common archaeological forms. It is reasoned that the analysis of boundaries contributes dynamic interpretations of historical landscapes by theorizing boundaries as spatial frameworks to examine social and experiential elements of space.

Факторы, увеличивающие риск суицидального поведения несовершеннолетних осужденных

This article discusses the problem of suicide in juvenile convicts. The factors influencing the suicidal behavior of juvenile convicts in educational colonies are highlighted. Preventive measures are proposed to eliminate suicidal behavior of juvenile convicts in educational colonies.

К вопросу участия добровольцев (волонтеров) в реализации Федерального закона Российской Федерации от 06.02.2023 № 10-ФЗ «О пробации в Российской Федерации»

The article deals with the issues of interaction between penitentiary inspections and noncommercial organizations and associations, and the possibility of their participation in the process of social adaptation of convicts. The article also features examples of preventive measures, including those with participation of juvenile convicts, as well as measures carried out by volunteer organizations. Author recognizes the possibility of applying the existing experience of interaction between the penal inspection and civiс institutions in the course of the implementation of the Federal Law of 06.02.2023 No. 10-FZ “On probation in the Russian Federation”.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED PRINCIPLES OF RESOCIALISATION OF JUVENILE CONVICTS IN CORRECTIONAL COLONIES OF UKRAINE

The article determines and characterises the theoretical and applied principles of resocialisation of juvenile convicts in modern correctional facilities. A profound analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus is conducted, and the essence of the concept of resocialisation of juvenile convicts in modern pedagogical theory and practice of penitentiary institutions is revealed. The author examines the generally accepted classification of the forms of organisation of educational work with juvenile convicts by the entity to which the educational influence is addressed, namely: individual, group, and public forms. The author also describes the essence of the corrections measures for juvenile convicts, namely: formation and correction of consciousness; formation and correction of positive experience of behaviour and activity; additional motivation and stimulation of positive behaviour; monitoring of the outcomes of education. The paper defines the processes of organisation and implementation of legal, labour, moral, ethical, artistic, aesthetic, physical, sanitary and hygienic, religious upbringing, and social educational work with juvenile convicts.

Mental Health and Mental Characteristics of Minor Convicts Incarcerated in Juvenile Corrections of the Penitentiary System of the Russian Federation

Introduction: The number of mental and behavioral disorders in juvenile convicts tends to increase and worsen, since this contingent often has a burdened heredity and is prone to development of chronic diseases, and is also committed to the abuse of psychoactive substances. Objective: To study mental health and mental characteristics of minor convicts incarcerated in juvenile corrections of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia based on long-term data of statistical analysis and psychological testing. Materials and methods: We used forms of departmental statistical observation to study mental health of juvenile convicts. Psychological characteristics of 122 juvenile male convicts aged 15–17 years were assessed in 2021 using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Leonhard–Shmishek Test and then compared with those observed in a similar age and sex group of adolescents. To establish specifics of the incidence in the juvenile convicts, we also compared their disease rates with those registered and sex-adjusted in teenagers aged 15–17 years. We calculated extensive and intensive indicators, 95 % confidence intervals, and statistical significance of differences using the t-tests and the χ-square test. Results: The incidence of mental and behavioral disorders in juvenile convicts incarcerated in juvenile corrections was 10.9 times higher than the standardized incidence in 15 to 17-year-old adolescents (14,050.6 ± 3,881.3 and 1,290.4 ± 427.9, respectively; p < 0.01). We established a low proportion of melancholics (2.9 % (95 % CI: 0.9–7.2), p < 0.05) and the predominance of stable types of temperament in those convicts. Conclusions: The incidence of mental and behavioral disorders in juvenile convicts incarcerated in juvenile corrections is 11 times higher than the sex-standardized incidence in their 15 to 17-year-old peers. Hyperthymic and excitable types of personality accentuation prevail in them with a pronounced tendency to stable types of temperament.

Особенности нравственных и волевых качеств несовершеннолетних осужденных мужского пола

The article describes a comparative analysis of the features of moral and volitional qualities of male juvenile convicts and adolescents with law-abiding behavior. A multifactorial approach to understanding the determinants of delinquent behavior of minors is presented. The empirical study involved 40 teenagers (15 male juvenile convicts of the Federal Penitentiary Institution «Kolpinskaya educational Colony» of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region and 25 teenagers with law-abiding behavior of GBOU No. 604 and No. 335 of the Pushkin district of St. Petersburg. Research methods: test questionnaire INCL (Volitional qualities of personality) (O.L. Eremkin, I.I. Kuptsov, 1997); author's methodology «The level of development of moral qualities of personality» (T.V. Pivovarova, I.I. Kuptsov); «Self-assessment of personality» S.A. Budassi in the author's modification (study of moral and volitional qualities of personality). The study revealed differences in moral and volitional qualities among juvenile convicts and adolescents with law-abiding behavior. Differences in the understanding of volitional qualities and the expression of moral ones are established. Adolescents with law-abiding behavior in comparison with juvenile convicts demonstrate more flexible behavior, greater expression of empathy. Conclusions are formulated about the basics of correctional work on the formation and development of moral and volitional qualities in juvenile convicts.

Prevalence of Bad Habits Among Juvenile Convicts

Objectives: This study was done to assess the spread of bad habits among juvenile convicts and determine the motives for use and the consequences of addiction. Methods: This study was descriptive and carried out at the Federal State Healthcare Institution. The study group included 106 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sample selection was based on a multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire and changes were made according to the study population it covered all the important aspects of the concept being measured. To analyze data, SPSS software, versio16 was utilized. Results: A total of 92 convicts out of 106 had bad habits. Drugs were taken by 30 adolescents, alcohol use was reported by 72 teenagers, and nine teenagers were smokers. Ten adolescents who took surfactants were registered with the narcologist. Twenty convicts were treated by psychiatrists. Most of the convicts using various psychoactive substances experienced serious learning difficulties and 17 teenagers had aggravated heredity in alcoholism and drug addiction. Discussion: Adolescents admitted to penitentiary institutions are characterized by a significant increase in harmful addictions, which subsequently affect their mental and somatic health and contribute to the formation of an asocial personality.

Проект учреждения объединенного типа по положениям Концепции развития УИС до 2030 года

Federation until 2030 on the creation of a united type institution, an attempt was made to develop a model of such a correctional institution. The study addresses the issue of creating the legal and organizational foundations for the functioning of a united institution. To fix any phenomenon at the legal level, first of all, a theoretical model should be created, its scientific justification should be proposed. At the same time, both in the national penitentiary legislation and in the foreign one, there are already elements of the model of the united type institutions proposed by the Concept for the development of the penitentiary system. At the Russian Federation legislative level, a change in the correctional institution type is provided, either by increasing the rights and freedoms scope of the convict, or by reducing it. Statistical data confirm the practical implementation of these institutions, in connection with which there is a need for the sites presence of a colony-settlement and a prison as the design model part of a united type institution. The model of the united type institution could be supplemented by correctional colonies without distinguishing their regimes, but with the allocation of conditions for serving sentences within one correctional colony. Also, in the proposed model, it is necessary to provide for the placement of a pre-trial detention center, which will ensure a consistent corrective working process with persons who have committed a crime. As for the site creation for juvenile convicts, it raises doubts. Since the specificity of the special contingent in the form of juvenile convicts implies a separate content from adult convicts. The most optimal idea seems to be about a single complex of correctional institutions for persons who have committed a crime before they reach the age of eighteen, which is a combination of a pre-trial detention center, educational and correctional colonies on the same territory. The model of a united type institution can be structurally represented as follows: pre-trial detention center; Correctional Facility; a room in a prison regime; the colony area.

The importance of patriotic education of juvenile convicts in modern society

The importance of patriotic education of juvenile convicts in modern society

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF JUVENILE CONVICTS’ RESOCIALIZATION IN THE PROBATION SERVICE

The article studies social and psychological conditions of juvenile convicts’ resocialization in the probation service. Serving animprisonment sentence leads juvenile offenders to lose their social skills and it is difficult for them to adapt in society, because the personality of a juvenile offender regresses in isolation. Due to the humanization of criminal policy in Ukraine, the judicial system is changing to give preference to alternative punishments, not related to imprisonment. One such re-socializing form for juvenile offenders is probation. This punishment avoids adolescent social isolation during the most important period of personality formation.The main stages of social-psychological work with juveniles sentenced to alternative punishments are: examination of their personality, determination of measures and methods having effective social-psychological influence on them, preparation of individual resocialization programs and adolescents’ integration to societyon the basis of these programs. We determined the content of social workers’ work to re-socialize juvenile offenders.During our empirical study, we analysed documents and organised a survey to examine social workers’ functions in working with juvenile convicts and determine an expert opinion about the need for a social worker position in the probation services where juvenile convicts were registered.The sample consisted of specialists from the probation services of the city of Kyiv and Kyiv region, who worked with juvenile convicts, totally, 28 respondents.The empirical data revealed that, mainly, the specialists in law studied the features of adolescents’ personality traits and upbringing. Probation services did not have social workers in their working structure. And these facts, in turn, makes it impossible to provide high-quality resocialization. In particular, the pre-trial reports, risk assessment for repeated criminal offenses, work with juvenile convicts’ parents, organization of constructive leisure, etc. are performed by specialists without any competencies in social work.However, according to the empirical data, respondents believed that specialists in social work should participate actively in resocialization of juvenile convicts, as they would understand the features of adolescence and, therefore, would be able towork in cooperation to assess qualitatively recidivism, assist and encourage adolescents to study and get an education. Keywords: resocialization, probation, social work, convicted adolescents.

Predation Cues Lead to Rapid Changes in Brain Morphology of Juvenile Convict Cichlids (Amitatlania nigrofasciata)

Predation Cues Lead to Rapid Changes in Brain Morphology of Juvenile Convict Cichlids (Amitatlania nigrofasciata)

Психологические особенности несовершеннолетних осужденных, состоящих на учете уголовно-исполнительных инспекций

This article discusses the features of the criminal law impact applied to minors, which is annually about 80-85%.
 In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation of June 24, 1999 No. 120 (as amended on April 24, 2020) “On the Fundamentals of the System for the Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency”, individual preventive work with adolescents is an integral part of the system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency. The implementation of this work is within the terms of reference of the commissions for minors and the protection of their rights, internal affairs bodies, social protection of the population, education, guardianship and guardianship, health care, employment services, culture, and sports. Penitentiary inspections (hereinafter referred to as CII) conduct it among minors sentenced to punishment without imprisonment. In the implementation of this work, it is very important, in our opinion, that the teenager is not left without attention of any of the institutions of prevention, only joint well-coordinated long-term work can lead to effective results. It is also important that a teenager not be left without the attention of society, the immediate and distant environment, youth and public organizations.
 The purpose of the study: to study the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts with different periods of being registered with the penitentiary institution.
 The subject of the study is the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of minors with different periods of being registered with the PII.
 The methodological foundations of the study were scientific works on the study of the personality of convicts at various stages of serving their sentences were studied by V.G. Deev, N.A. Polyanin, A.A. Istomin, V.F. Moskalenko, A.I. Papkin, D.V. Sochivko and others.
 Research methods:
 - test questionnaire "Individual psychological questionnaire" (ITO) L.V. Sobchik;
 - test questionnaire "Life Style Index" (LSI) R. Pluchek,
 G. Kellerman, G. Conte;
 - a technique for assessing the level of volitional self-control (VSC) E.V. Eidman, A.G. Zverkova;
 – methodology “Motivation for success and fear of failure” by A.A. Reana;
 - the method of "Meaningful Orientations" (SZHO) A.N. Leontiev;
 – an author's questionnaire on the study of the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts registered with the penitentiary institution.
 Theoretical significance of the study: lies in the generalization of the socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of juvenile convicts with different periods of being registered with penitentiary inspections.
 The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained can be used in the work of psychologists in order to prevent deviant behavior of adolescents.
 The basis of the empirical study was made up of juvenile convicts registered in the penitentiary institution in the amount of 62 people.

Subjective frequency of seeking for support from different sources and mental health among juvenile convicts

IntroductionAs mental health and emotional wellbeing while serving a sentences contribute a lot to the successful resocialization of juvenile convicts, it is necessary to study the factors that influence them.ObjectivesTo consider the relationship between the subjective frequency of social support from various sources and indicators of mental health and well-being of juvenile convicts.MethodsThe study used DASS (Lovibond, Lovibond, 1995), WEMWBS (Tennant et al., 2007), PANAS (Watson, Clark, Tellegen, 1988), SPANE (Diener et al., 2010), and a question to measure the subjective frequency of seeking for support from different sources (parents, close relatives, friends, mentors, psychologists, other convicts etc.), as measured on a 4-point scale from 1 (never) to 4 (constantly). 657 juvenile convicts aged 15 to 18 (M=17.0; SD=0.8) took part in the study.ResultsRegression models (R>0.5) were obtained by means of regression analysis (frequencies of seeking for support from different sources were taken as independent variables). The declared frequency of seeking for support from mentors served as a predictor of psychological well-being (Beta 0.148, t=2.271; p=0.024), the level of depression (Beta=-0.193, t=-2.917; p=0.004), anxiety (Beta=-0.157, t=-2.365; p=0.018) and stress (Beta=-0.142, t=-2.136; p=0.033), as well as of negative experience (Beta=-0.202, t=-3.025; p=0.003). The declared frequency of seeking suppotr from psychologists predicted the level of positive experience (Beta=0.128, t=2.052; p=0.041) and of positive affects (Beta=0.145, t=2.259; p=0.024).ConclusionsMental health, well-being and emotional state of juvenile convicts are directly related to the perception of the frequency of seeking support from the employees of the correctional camps (mentors and psychologists).DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Effect of water temperature and food availability on growth performance, sex ratio and gonadal development in juvenile convict cichlid (Amatitlanianigrofasciata)

Temperature and food availability are key drivers of growth and reproductive development in fishes, but information on how they interact is poorly understood. This study investigates the effects of water temperature and food availability on growth, sex ratio and gonadal development of the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) which is an ornamental fish that may be a useful lab model. For this experiment, 180 juvenile convict cichlid (0.3 ± 0.02 g) were held at three different temperatures (26, 29 and 32 °C as T1, T2 and T3) and fed to satiation (S) or a restricted diet (R: half satiation) during a 56-day experimental period. Specific growth rate was significantly higher in T2S treatment than the other groups. The highest and lowest mean oocyte sizes were recorded in T1S and T3R groups, respectively. The sex ratio of fish held at 29 °C was male biased (female, 21.0%; male, 78.9%), but this was not seen at 26 °C (female, 47.6%; male, 52.4%) or 32 °C (female, 57.1%; male, 42.9%). In T1S and T1R treatments, oocytes developed more than the other treatments and in T2S group testicular development was more advanced than other groups. These results demonstrate the complex interplay of temperature and food availability on growth and reproductive development in the convict cichlid. Appropriate food availability significantly improves growth and reproductive processes, while restricted feeding decreases growth, survival rate and reproductive performance.