Jute Stick Research Articles

Hydrothermal synthesis of carboxylated functionalized jute stick carbon and reduced graphene oxide based ZnO nanocomposite photocatalysts: A comparative study

The advancement of photocatalytic degradation to eliminate toxic organic pollutants from wastewater has progressed rapidly. Although numerous photocatalysts have been reported, there remains a huge demand of appropriate photocatalyst materials that demonstrates remarkable photocatalytic efficiency. The prime target of this study is to explore a new way of fabricating low cost and environmentally friendly carboxylated functionalized jute stick carbon based ZnO photocatalyst for eliminating organic dyes from aqueous solution. In this study, nanostructure semiconductor photocatalyst undecorated ZnO, carboxylated activated jute stick carbon based ZnO (ZnO/JSAC-COO–), and reduced graphene oxide based ZnO (ZnO-rGO) composites were fabricated by a facile low-cost hydrothermal process. The crystallinity, morphology, particle size, chemical characterization and optical properties were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman Spectroscopy and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD results showed that all XRD patterns of photocatalyst have a wurtzite, hexagonal structure of ZnO without any impurities. The catalytic activities of fabricated samples were examined by the photodegradation of methylene blue dye in water under UV light. The photocatalyst ZnO/JSAC-COO– composite exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity than ZnO and ZnO-rGO catalysts. The highest degradation and mineralization were obtained 97.57 % for methylene blue over ZnO/JSAC-COO– within 300 min UV light irradiation. Photodegradation results suggest that ZnO/JSAC-COO– composite prepared by hydrothermal method has a potential application in photo-catalysis leading to the efficient removal of harmful organic pollutants from the wastewater.

Removal of Azo Dye from water By jute (Corchorus Capsularis) stick activated Carbon: a cost-effective ecofriendly approach

The textile industry consumes a lot of water during production and generates a massive amount of effluents, including synthetic dyes, into the environment, which raises public concern. Azo dyes that are predominantly utilized in the textile sector are regarded to offer serious health hazards. Jute sticks are a typical fuel source in Bangladeshi villages. After using jute sticks as fuel, we turn them into highly cost effective activated charcoals which are capable of removing Levafix Amber (most used azo dye) from textile effluent. In this article we reported for the first time a cost effective, ecofriendly jute stick extracted adsorbent for the removal of Levafix Amber dye from textile effluents. The most notable benefits of our approach are its low cost, simplicity, and lack of the need for costly instruments. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 9(1), 2022 P 30-41

Biopolymeric degradation of jute sticks under pyrolytic thermal stresses

For the first time pyrolytic degradation of biopolymers and multi-pseudo component of jute sticks (JS) was executed through thermogravimetric analysis. Gaussian deconvolution of first order derivative have been registered in the current manuscript to find individual signals related to each pseudo component (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) in biomaterial. The JS characteristics, pyrolysis reaction kinetics, reaction mechanism and nature of the volatile compounds released were examined by various analytical instruments and methods, such as elemental analyzer, FTIR, AAS, TGA, GC-MS and kinetics models. The average activation energy values for JS 243.77, 234.05, 246.61, 246.74 and 260.03 kJ.mol−1 when OFW, KAS, STM, TANG and Friedman models, respectively, were used for analysis. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG) of different component of JS were also evaluated and discussed in the current context. Z(α) analysis has shown that the experimental curves have followed Avrami- Erofeyev (A2, A3, A4), power-law (P2), geometric (R2, R3), diffusional (D1, D2, D3) and reaction (F1) curves according to Criado’s master plots, indicating complex nature of pyrolysis process. Finally, it was confirmed that alcohols are major pyrolysates, followed by hydrocarbon and benzene among all other components released during pyrolysis action of JS. The finding of the study contributes to the potential of jute stick as a raw material for bioenergy and renewable chemical production. It also proves to be useful in the design and optimization of JS-based thermochemical degradation processes.

Valorized oxalic acid treated onion peel (Allium cepa) and jute stick (Chorchorus olitorius) wastes for dye removal from tannery effluents

This study employed bio-adsorbents prepared from agricultural waste onion peel (Allium cepa) and jute stick (Corchorus olitorius) to remove anionic dye (Acid Red 73) from tannery wastewater. Increases in pH and temperature exhibited negative impact on dye adsorption, although the adsorbent dose, initial concentration of dye, and contact time had positive effects on the adsorption process. Equilibrium data were fitted with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the maximum adsorption capacities of the oxalic acid-modified onion peel (OAOP) and jute stick (OAJS) were 151.51 and 133.33 mg/g, respectively at 298 K. Dye adsorption was shown to follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.961 – 0.997 for OAOP and (R2 = 0.945 – 0.999 for OAJS). The adsorption was spontaneous and favorable at various temperatures. The values of ΔH° for OAOP and OAJS were negative (−54.78 and −53.12 kJ/mol), which signify an exothermic process. Moreover, both the adsorbents, showed multilayered physisorption based on isotherm and thermodynamic studies. The used adsorbents were regenerated, and reused with decreasing capacity (78.32 ± 2.78 – 21.37 ± 1.96 mg/g for OAOP and 84.72 ± 3.08 – 24.76 ± 2.66 mg/g for OAJS). The application of adsorbents in real tannery dyeing effluents along were also evaluated and discussed.

Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Fluorine Doped Tin Oxide Electrode for the Fabrication of Enzyme-Free Glucose Sensor.

This work demonstrates the use of jute stick extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent for the synthesis of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In UV-Vis spectroscopy, peak at 550 nm was used to confirm the formation of AuNPs. The spherical surface morphology of AuNPs was determined through SEM and TEM analysis. While XRD investigation revealed the crystallinity of the prepared AuNPs. To ensure the biocompatibility of synthesized AuNPs, a bacterial investigation was conducted with negative results towards bacterial strain. The, modified FTO with AuNPs were able to detect glucose in CV analysis and the constructed sensor displayed a wide linear range of 50 μM to 40 mM with a detection limit of 20 μM. Scan rate analysis was performed to determine the charge transfer coefficient (0.42) and Tafel slope (102 mV/decade). Furthermore, the interfacial surface mechanism is illustrated to understand the interaction of glucose with the electrode surface in an alkaline medium and the product formation through the dehydrogenation and hydrolysis process. The prepared sensor also showed good stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference capabilities. In the case of real sample analysis, we used a blood serum sample. A low RSD value (<10 %) suggests the practical use of AuNPs/FTO in real-life applications.

Effect of jute stick charcoal powder on characterization of aluminum metal matrix composite

The present work indicates the fabrication of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) reinforced jute stick charcoal powder (JSCP) using stir casting process and investigates different properties of fabricated composites. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength, tensile strength, hardness, and impact tests are investigated. Additionally, the morphology of the MMCs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to identify the phase of the MMCs. From the investigation it was found that the tensile and flexural strength of the Al+3% JSCP composite decreased by 27.1% and 1.32% respectively compared to the Al+1% JSCP composite. On the other hand, impact strength and hardness were slightly greater for Al+3% JSCP composite. SEM analysis revealed micro-cavities and charcoal powder particle size and distribution differences. XRD patterns of the prepared composite revealed the presence of JSCP and lattice parameter of the composite. The investigation of surface roughness under different cutting speed reveals that, composite with 1% JSCP exhibited a higher surface roughness than the composite with 3% JSCP because the micro-cavity and porosity was less in Al+3% JSCP.

Development and Characterization of Fully Biodegradable Tray for Single‐Use Mushroom Retail Packaging Application Using Agro‐Waste (Jute Stick)

Development and Characterization of Fully Biodegradable Tray for Single‐Use Mushroom Retail Packaging Application Using Agro‐Waste (Jute Stick)

Adsorptive removal of Remazol Red (RR) from textile effluents using jute stick charcoal (JSC)

Abstract The research aims to find out the reusability of jute stick charcoal (JSC) to remove Remazol Red (RR) from textile effluents. The JSC was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the morphology, functional groups, and chemical composition, respectively. The batch adsorption method was applied in this study, and it disclosed that dye uptake depends on various factors, namely, pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, and dye concentration. Notably, 93.12% of the dye was removed with the best removal efficiency at a pH of 1, an adsorbent dose of 0.6 g, and an equilibrium time of 120 min, where the adsorption occurred rapidly in the first 20 min. The Langmuir isotherm model successfully defined the adsorption phenomena, yielding an R2 value of 0.995. The kinetic experimental data followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.999). The optimum adsorption parameters were implemented for the effluent obtained from a dye bath where a fabric sample (5 g) was dyed with RR, and 62.4% dye was removed. For the scaled application of JSC to a wastewater stream, the raw textile effluent was also treated, which resulted in 52.6% of dye removal. These results show that JSC is a promising adsorbent for treating textile wastewater.

Sustainable Development of Particle Board from Lignocellulosic Agri Waste (Corchorus capsularis-Jute)

Background: Large quantities of forest, agricultural and industrial lignocelluloses residues are available in the countries which are not finding any economic use till date except as industrial or domestic fuel. Some of these waste materials could be utilized for the preparation of particle board which could substitute the solid wood for various purposes and thus help in the conservation of depleting forest resources. Method: Jute stick is the one such waste material available in India about 50-55 lakh tones per Year. Keeping this in view, the suitability of jute-stick for making particle board will be evaluated in this study. The sticks were analyzed for the physical and mechanical properties of Jute sticks. Based on the material properties, it necessitated the physical modification of the jute stick particles to activate the surface for better adhesion. Results: Jute sticks were crushed followed by pulverizing to get the particles of required size formation have been optimized for making particle board of density 700-850 kg/m3. The implementation of this technology will encourage the efficient use of agriculture byproduct as a sustainable resource for commercial production as well as to aid in building sustainable cities and communities, in order to meet sustainable development goals which will in turn profoundly transform our world at large.

Development of a composite product from fibre yielding crop residues

Particleboard is one of the wood-based composite products, developed from wood and wood industry waste in admixture with an adhesive by thermos-compression. Wood is gradually becoming scarce due to deforestation and it leads to search for an alternative raw material. Jute, flax, and hemp plants are important fibre yielding industrial crops since their respective farming provides economic support to the developing nations from the rural areas. After the extraction of fibres from them, a lot of biomasses in terms of shives and sticks are generated as agricultural waste, and recently, these lignocellulosic biomasses have attained a special attention for the development of medium density particleboard. In this present work, an attempt has made to study the effect of flax shive and jute stick particle blends in admixture with phenol formaldehyde resin on the performance of the particleboard in terms of density, modulus of rupture and water swelling. The particle size distribution, bulk density, chemical composition, thermal properties, and surface chemistry of jute stick and flax shive have studied to assess their compatibility. Results inferred that a 50% jute stick: 50% flax shive combination based particleboard met the desirable properties of a medium density particleboard and showed higher performance than other combinations. It could be concluding that the combined use of biomass residuals for the development of a potential industrial product like packaging box, furniture, false ceilings etc, and it could open a new avenue to their farmers for the creation of wealth from the waste.

Effect of pre-hydrolysis and salt- impregnation on biochar production from jute stick

Effect of pre-hydrolysis and salt- impregnation on biochar production from jute stick

Jute stick derived self-regenerating sustainable solar evaporators with different salt mitigation mechanisms for highly efficient solar desalination

Efficient and self-regenerating solar evaporators with different salt mitigation mechanisms are fabricated using jute stick.

Jute stick extract assisted hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanoflakes and their enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial efficacy

• Hot extraction of jute stick. • A green hydrothermal approach to synthesize ZnO nanoflakes using jute stick extract. • Prepared jute extrcact assisted ZnO nanoflakes showed a significant dye degradation. • 98 % efficiency in MB degradation was calcualted after 8 h of UV light irradiation. • Prepared jute supported ZnO exhibited 19 mm of zone inhibition against E. coli. In this paper, we used green and hydrothermal methodology to prepare zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoflakes (NFs) with jute stick extract (J–ZnO NFs) as growth substrate. The prepared materials were characterized using different analytical techniques including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characteristic absorption peak for ZnO NFs and J–ZnO NFs were observed from the UV–vis spectrum at 373 and 368 nm respectively. The hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of ZnO NFs and J–ZnO NFs was confirmed by XRD analysis. FESEM and TEM analyses of synthesized J–ZnO NFs confirmed their NFs shape and collectively flower-like structure formation by the assembly of NFs of J–ZnO on cellulose of jute stick extract substrate. The FTIR analysis revealed the functional groups of jute stick extract biomolecules, mainly cellulose, are responsible for the formation of collectivel flower like J–ZnO NFs structure. The XPS analysis revealed the surface and chemical compositions (Zn, C, and O) of J–ZnO NFs. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO NFs and J–ZnO NFs samples was carried out by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye solution under UV light irradiation. The degradation efficiency of ZnO NFs and J–ZnO NFs was obtained 79 % and 89 %, respectively, for 5 h. Notably, the degradation efficiency of the J–ZnO NFs was 98 % after 8 h of irradiation, which is very inspiring. The both NFs exhibited first-order kinetics with MB photodegradation. We also examined the possible antibacterial activity of both samples against Escherichia coli (E. coli) pathogens, which demonstrated a significant result with a 17 mm and 19 mm zone of inhibition by ZnO NFs and J–ZnO NFs respectively.

Jute (Corchorus olitorius) stick charcoal: a potential bioadsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from an aqueous solution

Abstract This study investigated the performance of jute stick charcoal (JSC) as a biosorbent for the removal of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] from an aqueous solution. The batch adsorption experiment was conducted by influencing various experimental conditions like contact time (5–240 min), pH (2–8), initial Cr(VI) concentration (10–100 mg/L), and JSC dose (2–10 g/L). The study result shows that maximum Cr(VI) removal (99%) was found at pH 2, 20 mg/L of initial Cr(VI) concentration, 8 g/L of the JSC dose, and 150 min of equilibrium contact time. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were used to characterize the JSC surface characteristics. The Cr(VI) adsorption data of JSC were better described by the Freundlich (R2= 0.995) and Halsey (R2= 0.995) isotherm models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of JSC was 11.429 mg/g. Kinetic adsorption data of JSC followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2=1.0) as compared with the pseudo-first-order model (R2=0.97) and this adsorption process was controlled by chemisorption with multi-step diffusion. Finally, this study revealed JSC as an effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal from an aqueous solution.

Effects of ascorbic acid on the properties of jute stick cross-banded board

Effects of ascorbic acid on the properties of jute stick cross-banded board

Dissolving pulp and furfural production from jute stick

AbstractIn this paper, dissolving pulp is produced from jute stick and jute fiber mixture in pre-hydrolysis soda-anthraquinone process. The overall pulp yield was 30.7 % with kappa number 14.8 at the conditions of 18 % alkali charge for 2 h cooking at 170 °C. The purity of the produced pulp was 94.1 % with residual pentosan content of 4.64 %, which improved to 95.3 % with residual pentosan content of 3.7 % by cold alkali extraction process. The prehydrolysis liquor from the jute stick – jute fiber mixture contained 5.07 % xylose, which was converted to furfural by varying H2SO4concentration, time and temperature. The maximum furfural yield (60.5 %) was obtained at the conditions of 0.1 N H2SO4for 60 min at 170 °C. Further increase of reaction parameter decreased furfural yield.

Properties of jute stick binderless particleboard reinforced with bagasse pith

Properties of jute stick binderless particleboard reinforced with bagasse pith

Preparation and properties of jute stick particleboard using citric acid–glycerol mixture as a natural binder

The application of citric acid and glycerol as natural binder was investigated for the manufacturing of jute stick particleboard in this study. The effects of citric acid content (0–30 wt%), citric acid and glycerol mixture (ratio of CA–G), and pressing temperatures on the properties of jute stick particleboard were investigated. Citric acid-bonded jute stick particleboard had good mechanical properties and dimensional stability when citric acid concentration was 20 wt% at pressing temperature of 200 °C. By addition of glycerol concentration (40/60), the properties were further increased. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and thickness swelling (TS) values of CA–G (40/60) bonded jute stick particleboard were 19.67 N/mm2 and 9%, respectively, which satisfy the minimum requirement for type-18 of particleboard JIS A 5908 (2003). FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of ester linkage by polymerization reaction between carboxyl groups and alcohol groups. Citric acid and glycerol polymer reacted with jute stick particles and produced cross-linked networks with enhanced properties, hence improved the adhesiveness during particleboard production. It could be concluded that citric acid and glycerol mixture can be a potential natural binder for the production of jute stick particleboard.

Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon Prepared from Jute Stick Charcoal for Industrial Uses

Activated Carbons (ACs) were prepared from jute stick charcoal by chemical activation using H2SO4 and H3PO4 ranging temperature from 3000C to 3500. The activated carbons and charcoal prepared from jute sticks were characterized by evaluating the surface chemistry, structural features and surface morphology. The properties of the carbons were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer – Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the FT-IR method. The jute sticks were converted to activated carbons with the highest surface area (135–245m2/g) and largest mesopores volume (0.14–0.16 cm3/g). The FT-IR spectra exhibited that the pyrolysis of jute stick resulted in the release of aliphatic and O - containing functional groups by thermal effect. However, the release of functional groups is effect of chemical reaction in the ZnCl2, H3PO4, and H2SO4 activation process. A honeycomb carbon structure in activated carbon was formed as observed on SEM images. Although charcoal and activated carbon were prepared at 3000C to 3500, the activated carbon exhibited much lower Raman sensitivity due to the formation of condensed aromatic ring systems. Due to high surface area and high porous structure with abundance of functional groups, the activated carbon prepared from jute sticks charcoal absorbed molecules with much higher than those of other activated carbon.

High performance adsorptive removal of N-nitrosodiphenylamine from aqueous solutions by jute stick–derived activated carbon: characteristics, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic, and reusability studies

High performance adsorptive removal of N-nitrosodiphenylamine from aqueous solutions by jute stick–derived activated carbon: characteristics, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic, and reusability studies