Unhealthy Food Research Articles

Etiology Causes of the Chronic Diarrheal Infection in Children Aged Under Five Years in Salah Al-Din Government

Diarrhea is a factor contributing to both death and illness among children below the age of five in poor nations. Childhood mortality from diarrhea surpasses that of malaria, HIV/AIDS, and measles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of diarrhea and its related determinants among children aged below five years. The study included collecting 100 stool from children with chronic diarrhea and some other intestinal disorders who came to the hospitals of Salah al-Din Governorate / Dhuluiya District and some private laboratories, whose ages ranged from one month to 36 months during the period between the beginning of December 2023 and the end of June 2024. Males had a higher frequency of diarrheal infection than females, and age groups (1-12)months were more infected than others (p-value< 0.05). Increasing bacterial and fungal illness in weight group (7-11) and cold in this age. Diarrhea from food contamination and unhealthy food increases in 2-6) and 7-11-kg children. As well as cold-induced diarrhea (2-6Kg), p>0.05. This study concluded bacterial infection more common cause of diarrheal infection than other cause, and male more infected than female. In addition increase incidence in age groups (months). Furthermore mixed infection with gram positive and negative more common than only gram positive and negative alone.

Meaning salience as a moderator of the relationship between presence of meaning in life and wellness

Meaning salience, or awareness of meaning in the present moment, is an emerging concept with potential implications for health and wellness. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationships between meaning salience and eight dimensions of wellness, and to see whether meaning salience moderated the relationship between presence of meaning and wellness. Participants (N = 1711) were recruited to complete a cross-sectional survey through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. Meaning salience was related to better wellness in seven of the eight wellness domains (healthy eating and activity, financial stress, occupational wellness, sleep, perceived wellness, social wellness, and stress, excluding avoiding unhealthy foods). Meaning salience significantly moderated the relationships between presence of meaning and four of eight wellness dimensions, such that at high levels of meaning salience, both high and low presence of meaning had stronger relationships with wellness. Those with high meaning salience and high presence of meaning scored best on four wellness dimensions; however, those with high meaning salience and low presence of meaning scored the worst on four wellness dimensions. Future research should explore what factors drive the relationship between meaning salience and wellness.

Dysbiosis and Regulation of Gut Microbiota in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease having a high growth rate and becoming a global threat. An unhealthy lifestyle, food intake, and genetic susceptibility are the major factors responsible for this metabolic disorder. This disease results in hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance, restricted insulin synthesis, and insulin resistance. Despite a variety of treatments currently available, cases of diabetes and resulting complications are on the rise. One promising approach to diabetes focuses on gut microflora and their associated metabolites. Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology. This study explores the dysbiosis in the human gut microflora in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and how the gut microbiota influences metabolites related to T2DM. It also sheds light on early identification and targeted intervention for this. Understanding these mechanisms could potentially lead to more effective strategies for managing and preventing T2DM. The findings of our literature study are that gut microbiota can serve as biomarkers for early disease detection. Finally, we also highlight gut microecological therapeutic strategies focused on shaping the gut flora to emphasize the improvement of T2DM progression.

ROLE OF VIRUDDHAHARA IN CAUSING INFERTILITY- A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

In the present era, many lifestyle disorders are caused by unhealthy food habits and practices; infertility is one of them. The incidence has increased due to diversified daily routines, faulty food habits, and westernization, which affect the endocrine system and physiological factors. These issues can cause irregular menstruation, ovulation disorders, PCOS, fallopian tube blockage, endometriosis, hormonal disorders, and uterine abnormalities, ultimately leading to infertility. The Ayurvedic explanation of ‘Viruddhahara’ is a unique concept. Acharya Charaka mentioned Shandhya and Santanadosha while listing the diseases caused by Viruddhahara1 . Viruddhahara impairs Rasadhatu, which leads to the Dushti of its upadhatu, Artava(Menstrual blood). Long-term practice of Viruddhahara (unhealthy food habits) causes Artavadushti and also affects the ovum, menstrual blood, and ovarian hormones. Viruddhahara significantly affects the Garbhasambhava samagri. The practice of Satmya Ahara and Vihara can help avoid multiple causative factors of infertility, such as Beeja dosha, Artava or Shukradushti, and yonivyapat. Infertility is also caused by obesity and other diseases resulting from faulty food habits.

Changes in unhealthy food consumption among vulnerable elementary-aged children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: a serial cross-sectional analysis.

Several studies suggest that during the early pandemic, amidst socioeconomic instability, children from underserved families were more likely to resort to consuming cheaper, lower-quality foods with longer shelf lives. This study investigated the change in unhealthy food consumption across different phases (pre, early, mid) of the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the strength of association between unhealthy food consumption and household socioeconomic disadvantage (HSED) varied across phases of the pandemic. This study utilized serial cross-sectional data collected from low-income families enrolled in a school-based food co-op, Brighter Bites. Secondary data analysis included 5,384 surveys from families who had complete data: 3422 pre-pandemic, 944 from the early pandemic, and 1,018 mid-pandemic. Outcome measures included sugary food intake and convenience/fast food intake, each of which was operationalized as a scale using pre-validated items from the surveys. HSED was operationalized as a composite of parent employment, parent education, food insecurity, and participation in government programs; responses were categorized into low, medium, and high HSED groups for analysis. We examined the interaction between HSED and time period to explore how HSED and its association with dietary measures changed over the course of the pandemic. A significant linear negative trend, i.e., a decrease in consumption from pre-to-mid-pandemic period was seen in sugary food intake (p < 0.001), but not in convenience food intake. In data pooled across time-periods, both sugary food and convenience/fast food consumption were inversely associated with HSED, and low unhealthy food consumption was observed among high-disadvantage groups. No significant interaction between time period and HSED was observed on either scale. However, the post-regression estimates from the adjusted interaction model showed a significant association between convenience/fast food consumption and HSED in pre- and mid-pandemic periods. The study highlights the nuances of socioeconomic dynamics on the diet behaviors of children from low-income families during a natural disaster.

Prevalence of overweight and obesity, and associations with socio-demographic and etiological factors

Background: Adolescent obesity and overweight (OW) prevalence are rising quickly. The present study was done to assess the prevalence of OW and obesity and its association with demographic and etiological factors. Methods: An observational study including 386 adolescents aged 10-19 years was conducted using a pre-designed questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight (kg) and height (cm) were taken and body mass index (BMI) calculated by weight (kg)/height2(m2). The weight status was classified as underweight (UW) &lt;5th percentile, healthy weight (HW) between the 5th and &lt;85th percentile, OW between &gt;85th and &lt;95th percentile, and obese (OB) equal to or &gt;95th percentile using the CDC percentile ranking for BMI-for-age. Statistical data analysis was done by SPSS software version 20. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of adolescents in early, mid, and late adolescent age groups were 11.52 (1.13), 15.01 (0.82), and 17.72 (0.77) years respectively. The overall mean age of adolescents was 14.19 (2.63) years. The mean weight, height, and BMI of adolescents were 44.84 (11.35) kg, 1.54 (0.12) meters, and 18.91 (3.89) kg/m2 respectively. The prevalence of OW and obesity was 11.7%, and 5.4% respectively. A significant association was found between OW and obesity with upper socioeconomic status (p&lt;0.0001), daily junk food intake (p&lt;0.0001), screen time of more than 2 hours per day (p&lt;0.0001), and no or decreased physical activity (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Adolescent obesity is a prevalent issue that requires early primordial and primary intervention through coordinated policy activities made by policymakers and medical professionals.

BMI, Dental Caries, and Risk Factors among Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background/Objectives: Obesity and dental caries are multifactorial diseases with high prevalence amongst Saudi children. The aim of the study was to determine their association with common risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 children attending elementary schools. After taking their height and weight, their body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated. Oral examination was performed to record the decayed, missed, and filled scores (dmft/DMFT). A thorough questionnaire was compiled and validated to gather information on diet and physical activity (PA). The KIDMED score was calculated from a 16-item questionnaire to assess diet. Junk food and PA scores were also calculated based on relevant questions. Nonparametric tests were used to assess the associations between the scores and health outcomes (dmft/DMFT and BMI). Results: Fifty-eight of the children had poor diets, which was associated with higher dmft/DMFT (p = 0.012). PA levels were very low, and the average PA score was 2.12 ± 0.61. No association was found between BMI percentiles and PA level, nor between BMI percentiles and diet quality. Older children had lower BMI percentiles compared with younger children (coefficient = -9.35, 95% CI: -17.05, -1.65), and a borderline significant negative association was observed between dmft/DMFT and BMI percentile. Conclusions: Poor diets and chips consumption were related to dental caries. Obesity was not related to diet quality nor PA level.

Abstract C009: An exploratory ecologic analysis of the association of neighborhood obesogenic factors with prostate cancer mortality in Chicago, Illinois: Challenges and opportunities

Abstract Introduction: Obesity has been associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Environments that promote obesity, known as obesogenic environments, may also contribute to PCa progression at the population level. However, studies exploring these factors are limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between neighborhood obesogenic factors with PCa mortality rates in Chicago. Methods: We used an ecological study design with Chicago Community Areas (n=77) serving as the geographical area unit of analysis. All community area-level data were obtained from the Chicago Health Atlas public data portal. For each area, two obesogenic factors were examined: food environment and park access. The number of healthy and unhealthy grocery stores was used to characterize the food environment. The retail food establishments data was retrieved for the year 2013. The stores were classified into chain grocery stores, non-chain grocery stores, liquor stores, and convenience stores which included dollar tsores, corner stores and gas stations. Chain and non-chain grocery stores were grouped as healthy food access, and other (convenience store, dollar store and liquor store) as unhealthy food access. The area of public parks per 100,000 community area population was used as a measure of park access. An exclusive park area for each community was calculated by intersecting the community area and park area shape files from the year 2016. The outcome variable was community area-level PCa mortality rate age-adjusted to the community area male population. To normalize the data, all included variables were standardized to zero mean and unit standard deviation. Linear regression models analyzed the association of the standardized measures of obesogenic environment (individually and simultaneously) with age-adjusted rates using the Statistical Analysis Software 9.4. Results: The mean number of healthy (0 - 11) and unhealthy (0 - 10) food stores in each community area were 3.1 and 2.6 respectively and mean park area (14.0 - 4096.5 acres) available in each community area was 453.5 acres per 100,000 population. The mean (0 – 29.6) PCa mortality was 9.8 per 100,000 population. Healthy food access was inversely associated with PCa mortality rates, where for every for one 1-standard deviation increase in healthy food access standard deviation, there is a 0.40 unit decrease in community area PCa mortality rate standard deviation (p=0.002) while accounting for the other obesogenic factors (unhealthy food access and park access). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the neighborhood access to healthy food may be a determinant of neighborhood PCa mortality rates. Ecological studies are helpful to understand the impact at the geographical level. Methodological challenges and opportunity in ecological analyses, such as addressing bias and multivariable control of confounding, will be discussed. Citation Format: Ravneet Kaur, Jiehuan Sun, Nebiyou Y. Tilahun, Vincent L. Freeman. An exploratory ecologic analysis of the association of neighborhood obesogenic factors with prostate cancer mortality in Chicago, Illinois: Challenges and opportunities [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C009.

Dietary Acculturation Among International Students in the United Kingdom

There is a significant rise in the proportion of international students pursuing tertiary education in the United Kingdom. This population coming from different countries faces a lot of challenges which contribute to negative health effects and needs further attention. One among these challenges is dietary acculturation. This systematic review aims to explore the factors influencing dietary acculturation and its public health impacts among international students in the UK. Five online databases namely ProQuest Central, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and Medline were searched, and nine qualitative articles were selected that met the eligibility criteria which were then assessed for quality using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. Methodology involved data extraction and a thematic synthesis, which identified three themes and several sub-themes. The findings of this review indicate that dietary acculturation among international students was affected by tight academic schedules and global fast-food chains. This led to students consuming unhealthy food, contributing to weight gain. However, having social ties and interaction were found to be helpful in dietary acculturation. Higher education institutions can emphasis on nutrition education with focus on substitute foods, alternatives to unhealthy choices, and initiatives to make bicultural food accessible to the students to make the new environment conducive to learning. Public health policies as well as regulations can be made on informed decisions based on an understanding of differences and specific needs of the foreign student population.

Influence of eating while watching TV on food preference and overweight/obesity among adolescents in China: a longitudinal study.

Eating while watching TV was found associated with unhealthy food preferences and obesity in adolescents in foreign studies, which is not clear in China. The study aims to explore the influence of eating while watching TV on food preferences and overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents. Data from 1768 adolescents (aged 12-17 years) in the 2006, 2009, 2011, and 2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was analyzed. The height and weight were measured. Mixed effect models were used to identify the associations between eating while watching TV and adolescents' food preferences and overweight/obesity. Adolescents eating while watching TV ≥1 time/week were more likely to prefer fast food, salty snacks and soft drinks than those eating while watching TV <1 time/week. Adolescents eating meals while watching TV ≥1 time/week were less likely to prefer vegetables than those eating meals while watching TV <1 time/week. In addition, adolescents eating snacks while watching TV ≥1 time/week were more likely to be overweight/obesity than those eating meals while watching TV <1 time/week (odds ratio [OR] = 7.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.39-36.93). Eating snacks while watching TV was positively associated with adolescents' unhealthy food preferences and overweight/obesity. Eating meals while watching TV was associated with adolescents' unhealthy food preferences. Implementing web-based Community-based participatory research (CBPR) about reducing eating while watching TV may be a practical strategy to develop healthy food preferences and prevent overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents.

Food diversity and accessibility enabled urban environments for sustainable food consumption: a case study of Brisbane, Australia

Food overconsumption is being addressed increasingly in the policy agendas of many advanced economies to achieve sustainable consumption. Yet, few studies define and research sustainable food consumption, particularly in understanding socioeconomic and environmental challenges and opportunities in urban environments. This paper evaluates 500 online surveys conducted in Brisbane, Australia, to explore public perceptions of food consumption and the underlying challenges and opportunities. A key finding is the co-existence of over- and underconsumption prevailing over the traditional focus on unhealthy food overconsumption. The challenges of affordability, access to healthy foods, limited retail options, and increasing carbon urban footprints complicate food consumption as a demand issue more conditional to the socio-spatial characteristics of urban environments. Opportunities for sustainable food consumption also arise in high health awareness and willingness to change dietary habits if facilitated by improved urban food provisioning. We argue that food diversity and accessibility-conducive urban environments can help transform food consumption by enabling enhanced access to affordable and nutritious foods, diversified food retail options and variety, and reduced food waste and loss-associated carbon emissions. To do so means improved global equity in food consumption and carbon footprint can optimistically reduce global food demand by 9% and generate better environmental outcomes, positively contributing to the UN’s Responsible Consumption (SDG12) and Climate Action (SDG 13) for 2030.

Analysis of Compliance with Proper Nutrition Principles in Patients with a History of Myocardial Infarction.

Adherence to dietary recommendations and the implementation of appropriate dietary habits after myocardial infarction (MI) can significantly improve health and reduce mortality from cardiac causes. The aim of this study was to analyse the adherence of patients with a history of MI to a healthy diet, which is one of the primary methods of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Following a proper diet involves limiting the consumption of saturated fats, salt, alcohol, and simple sugars. It is recommended to follow the Mediterranean diet, which is based on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish. This study involved 120 patients hospitalised in the Invasive Cardiology and Cardiac Intensive Care Unit at the Independent Public Voivodship Hospital in Szczecin from August to December 2019. A self-designed questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Eating Behaviour (QEB) were used. The majority of respondents were hospitalised for a first-time MI (88.33%), and 65% of them reported adherence to the recommendations. The vast majority (78.33%) considered their diet good, with 50.83% of the respondents eating four meals a day and never eating fast food (49.17%). The analysis showed that although the respondents' diets did not contain many unhealthy foods, they did not consume enough vegetables, fruits, fish, nuts, or fibre, which have a protective effect, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and death. Furthermore, patients with a better education had a higher level of knowledge. Respondents' knowledge of proper post-MI nutrition was sufficient, and their index of unhealthy diets was low, but they still made dietary mistakes and did not consume enough health-protective foods. These results indicate a need for further education.

Built environment and childhood obesity.

Childhood obesity, an escalating global health challenge, is intricately linked to the built environment in which children live, learn, and play. This review and perspective examined the multifaceted relationship between the built environment and childhood obesity, offering insights into potential interventions for prevention. Factors such as urbanization, access to unhealthy food options, sedentary behaviors, and socioeconomic disparities are critical contributors to this complex epidemic. Built environment encompasses the human-modified spaces such as homes, schools, workplaces, and urban areas. These settings can influence children's physical activity levels, dietary habits, and overall health. The built environment can be modified to prevent childhood obesity by enhancing active transportation through the development of safe walking and cycling routes, creating accessible and inviting green spaces and play areas, and promoting healthy food environments by regulating fast-food outlet density. School design is another area for intervention, with a focus on integrating outdoor spaces and facilities that promote physical activity and healthy eating. Community engagement and education in reinforcing healthy behaviors is necessary, alongside the potential of technology and innovation in encouraging physical activity among children. Policy and legislative support are crucial for sustaining these efforts. In conclusion, addressing the built environment in the fight against childhood obesity requires the need for a comprehensive, multipronged approach that leverages the built environment as a tool for promoting healthier lifestyles among children, ultimately paving the way for a healthier, more active future generation.

A Social Semiotic Study of Color Psychology in Junk Food Restaurant Posters

Posters are a visual medium that can quickly capture the attention of a target audience, convey key information, and leave a lasting impression. They can be a highly effective means of advertising and promoting a product, service or event. There are different signs in every poster. This study is concerned with analyzing the psychological effects of colors in junk food restaurant posters. It aims to explore the potential uses of color psychology in junk food restaurant posters. In turn, the data are taken from the official websites of KFC, McDonald's, Pizza Hut, Wendy's and Subway fast food restaurants. Colors have a positive role on the feelings and mood of the customer. Consequently, junk food posters employ different colors to convey a message that will attract consumers to try the product.

The Return on Investment for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Beijing: A Modeling Study.

Background: The increasing prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity (CAOAO) in Beijing poses significant health and economic challenges. This study assesses the potential health and economic outcomes of implementing specific interventions to address CAOAO in Beijing. Methods: A deterministic Markov cohort model was used to estimate the impact of five interventions from 2025 to 2115: restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, mandatory front of package labeling (FOPL), family-based nutrition and exercise education, school-based nutritional health education, and nutritional counseling in primary healthcare. The model evaluated societal costs, healthcare savings, wages, and economic productivity in adulthood, calculating the return on investment (ROI) for each intervention and their combined effect. Result: Without intervention, Beijing is projected to experience a loss of 13.4 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to CAOAO. The health and economic impact of childhood obesity in Beijing is projected to be CNY 14.6 trillion (USD 2.1 trillion), or a lifetime loss of CNY 6.8 million (USD 0.96 million) per affected child, exceeding the sum of Beijing's GDP from 2021 to 2023. Restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children and nutrition counseling in primary healthcare are projected to yield the highest returns, with benefits accruing within one year of implementation. Owing to the substantial upfront costs, including personnel, materials, and training, school-based and family-based interventions require a longer time horizon to realize significant health and economic benefits. Conclusions: Effective management of CAOAO in Beijing demands a multifaceted approach. The combination of restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, mandatory front of package labeling, nutrition counseling in primary healthcare, school-based intervention, and family-based intervention presents the most substantial health and economic returns. This comprehensive strategy aligns with global best practices and addresses the unique challenges faced by Beijing in combating childhood obesity.

Résister pour mieux savourer : forme de vie hors norme d’un fast-food de Las Vegas

Since the early 2000s, post-structural semiotics of the Greimasian tradition have gained considerable strength in the analysis of social practices. The objective of this contribution is to present and implement these new tools and proposals from contemporary semiotics through a case study: the analysis of the customer experience of a Las Vegas fast-food restaurant, where junk food and other nonconformist practices are set up as a system. The analysis will focus on both the activities performed in the restaurant and the intimate experience of food intake. Semiotics of practices, narrative semiotics, and tensive semiotics will be applied to this end, as well as to postulate that the customers of the restaurant unwillingly come to manifest an insolent and individualistic form of life. More generally, this article aims to show how contemporary post-Greimasian semiotics can serve as a methodological framework for the analysis of social practices of any kind.

Nigerian adolescents’ exposure to fast food marketing via Instagram

ObjectivesTo explore the promotion of fast food to lower-income adolescents on Instagram with the specific aims of (i) identifying the marketing strategies used by fast food brands on Instagram to promote fast food to Nigerian adolescents and (ii) examining the influence of these strategies on user engagement.DesignA content analysis of posts from a 90-day period of the Instagram accounts of five fast-food brands in Nigeria was conducted. Overall, 576 posts were analysed, using a codebook developed based on the relevant literature, to identify adolescent-targeted strategies. User engagement was measured by number of likes each post received.ResultsThe observed brands frequently utilised adolescent-targeted marketing strategies, with the most popular strategies being emotional appeal, ‘teen language’ and product appeal. The results of Mann-Whitney U tests revealed significant associations between the use of these promotional strategies and user engagement. Adolescent-aimed strategies like product appeal and competitions resulted in higher user engagement with fast food promotional content.ConclusionFast food companies heavily target lower income adolescents through the use of Instagram. This raises health concerns related to the consumption of unhealthy food that arises from regular advertising in that demographic. Further, this exposure increases ad interactions that could cause adolescents to view fast foods more positively. Overall, findings indicate the need for actions aiming to limit and reduce the effect of adolescents’ exposure to fast food marketing on social media, to target the features of social media platforms which affords users the ability to interact with fast food advertisements.

Sex-specific dietary patterns and their association with metabolic syndrome: Insights from a cross-sectional analysis

AimsThis study aims to identify a posteriori dietary patterns with a sex approach and to evaluate their association with metabolic syndrome criteria. MethodsCross-sectional study conducted in 6821 men and women between 55 and 75 years of age. Forty-two food groups were analyzed from dietary information collected with food frequency questionnaires, using principal component analysis and cluster analysis and then information from both statistical methods was compared. Prevalences were calculated foreach cluster group, based on the number and types of metabolic syndrome criteria they met. ResultsFollowing principal component analysis, two dietary patterns labeled “healthy” and “unhealthy” were identified in both men and women, due to the presence of foods that are considered more or less healthy. These same dietary patterns were found in cluster analysis plus an “intermediate” cluster consisting of both healthy and unhealthy foods. The presence of metabolic syndrome is related to the “healthy” dietary pattern in women and to the “unhealthy” dietary pattern in men. Comparison of the two statistical approaches showed a high level of correlation between them (weighted Kappa = 0.703 in women and weighted Kappa = 0.691 in men). ConclusionsAdherence to both healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be related to the development of MS. The differences found by sex make it necessary to develop interventions with a sex-specific approach.

222 - Predictors of healthy and unhealthy food and drink sales in Victorian primary schools

222 - Predictors of healthy and unhealthy food and drink sales in Victorian primary schools

Polyfluoroalkyl-Substances Detection in Junk Food Packing Materials Using Various Analytical Methods: A Review.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are unseen, dangerous organic compounds that can cause major health disorders. PFASs have been categorized as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT). This review provides knowledge about the PFASs present in junk food packaging materials, which can migrate into the food. Different types of samples were analyzed using the analytical methods. The most preferred method of extraction is ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). It summarizes the analytical approaches of PFASs. The results of numerous studies show that perfluorooctanoic acid is the most often detected compound with high concentrations. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced that the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of PFASs is 4.4 ng/kg. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has announced the limit for perfluorobutane sulfonic acid due to its toxicity level. These compounds have potential effects on both people's health and the biosphere. PFAS usage has to stop in the industries for a better future.