BMI, Dental Caries, and Risk Factors among Elementary School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Obesity and dental caries are multifactorial diseases with high prevalence amongst Saudi children. The aim of the study was to determine their association with common risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 300 children attending elementary schools. After taking their height and weight, their body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated. Oral examination was performed to record the decayed, missed, and filled scores (dmft/DMFT). A thorough questionnaire was compiled and validated to gather information on diet and physical activity (PA). The KIDMED score was calculated from a 16-item questionnaire to assess diet. Junk food and PA scores were also calculated based on relevant questions. Nonparametric tests were used to assess the associations between the scores and health outcomes (dmft/DMFT and BMI). Results: Fifty-eight of the children had poor diets, which was associated with higher dmft/DMFT (p = 0.012). PA levels were very low, and the average PA score was 2.12 ± 0.61. No association was found between BMI percentiles and PA level, nor between BMI percentiles and diet quality. Older children had lower BMI percentiles compared with younger children (coefficient = -9.35, 95% CI: -17.05, -1.65), and a borderline significant negative association was observed between dmft/DMFT and BMI percentile. Conclusions: Poor diets and chips consumption were related to dental caries. Obesity was not related to diet quality nor PA level.