Chromatographic assessment of the composition of the essential oils of Juniperus communis was carried out to measure enatiomeric distribution of α-pinene in the two plant morphotypes and to determine if harvesting time possesses the effect on the content of individual components in the oil. The major compound in the studied juniper berries was α-pinene (26.8–42.7%). There were no significant differences in the α-pinene content between the two analyzed morphotypes. The second quantitative component in the analyzed oils of unripe and ripe berries was myrcene, whose amounts differed in the studied morphotypes. Consequently, myrcene may be used as one of the indicators discriminating two different juniper chemotypes. The results obtained clearly indicate that the plants belong to two different chemotypes, producing very stable proportions of (1R)-(+) and (1S)-(–)-α-pinene enatiomers at all harvesting periods. The ratio of (1R)-(+) and (1S)-(–) enantiomers was 6.4–8.0 in the oils from morphotype with light-green berries and 2.0–2.2 in the oils from morphotype with bluish-green berries.