Junior Trainees Research Articles

LBA01-06 DISCRIMINATION-BASED TRAUMA AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BURNOUT AMONG WOMEN TRAINEES IN MEDICINE

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023LBA01-06 DISCRIMINATION-BASED TRAUMA AS A RISK FACTOR FOR BURNOUT AMONG WOMEN TRAINEES IN MEDICINE Tyra Fainstad, Alexander Heilman, Pari Shah, Vall Vinaithirthan, Christine Jones, Adrienne Mann, and Kerri Thurmon Tyra FainstadTyra Fainstad More articles by this author , Alexander HeilmanAlexander Heilman More articles by this author , Pari ShahPari Shah More articles by this author , Vall VinaithirthanVall Vinaithirthan More articles by this author , Christine JonesChristine Jones More articles by this author , Adrienne MannAdrienne Mann More articles by this author , and Kerri ThurmonKerri Thurmon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003360.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Physician burnout starts early in training, disproportionately impacts women and those URM, and is detrimental personally and professionally. Recent data suggest burnout continues to be a growing problem in graduate medical education (GME), but is mainly specialty or institution specific. Our purpose is to describe the current prevalence and risk factors for burnout amongst female physician trainees across multiple institutions and specialties. METHODS: A multi-institutional randomized controlled trial involving 26 GME programs across America began in September 2022 to investigate the effectiveness of a professional coaching program. Baseline demographics and the Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale (TSDS) of 1,017 volunteer female trainees were collected. The TSDS is a 21-item self-report measure focusing on trauma symptoms surrounding the experience of discrimination. All participants completed baseline surveys including the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Burnout was defined as scoring >27 for emotional exhaustion (EE) and/or >10 for depersonalization (DP). Multivariable logistic regression identified socio-demographic and/or professional covariates associated with burnout. RESULTS: All 1,017 trainees responded to the baseline survey. 207 were PGY-1, 198 were PGY-2, and 596 were PGY-3 and beyond, with 19% identifying as surgical trainees. Participants on average had high EE (m=30.58) and high DP (m=11.83). DP was more often present in higher PGYs (PGY2: OR 2.61, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.52-4.52, p<0.001; >=PGY3: OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.45-3.78, p<0.001). Higher scores on the TSDS positively correlated with overall burnout (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.30 for 10 units of change, 95% CI 1.11-1.53, p=0.001), EE (OR 1.26 for 10 units of change, 95% CI 1.11-1.43, p<0.001), and DP (OR 1.12 for 10 units of change, 95% CI 1.00-1.26, p=0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this large, multi-institutional cohort show ongoing and progressive burnout prevalence throughout medical training. There is also an association between discrimination-based trauma and burnout in trainees, which has been shown recently in practicing attending physicians as well. Interestingly, we found that EE seems to peak in PGY2 year, while DP increases with PGY level. Smaller studies have shown PGY2 as a burnout peak as well and may highlight a dark point in the GME training hierarchy, with more junior trainees being responsible for tedious tasks whilst taking more call and documentation burden. Future studies should explore interventions in trainee burnout, specifically in those who have experienced trauma from discrimination. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e1178 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Tyra Fainstad More articles by this author Alexander Heilman More articles by this author Pari Shah More articles by this author Vall Vinaithirthan More articles by this author Christine Jones More articles by this author Adrienne Mann More articles by this author Kerri Thurmon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP25-06 DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL, SIMULATION-BASED SURGICAL SKILLS BOOTCAMP FOR JUNIOR UROLOGY RESIDENTS

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP25-06 DEVELOPMENT OF A MULTI-INSTITUTIONAL, SIMULATION-BASED SURGICAL SKILLS BOOTCAMP FOR JUNIOR UROLOGY RESIDENTS Justin Lee, Miyad Movassaghi, Nitya Abraham, William Atallah, Jamie Kanofsky, Evan Kovac, Michael Maren, Gregory Mullen, Allison Polland, Courtney Phillips, John Phillips, Rollin Say, Michael Smigelski, Jeffrey Weiss, Andrew Winer, Alexander Small, Christopher Anderson, and Gina Badalato Justin LeeJustin Lee More articles by this author , Miyad MovassaghiMiyad Movassaghi More articles by this author , Nitya AbrahamNitya Abraham More articles by this author , William AtallahWilliam Atallah More articles by this author , Jamie KanofskyJamie Kanofsky More articles by this author , Evan KovacEvan Kovac More articles by this author , Michael MarenMichael Maren More articles by this author , Gregory MullenGregory Mullen More articles by this author , Allison PollandAllison Polland More articles by this author , Courtney PhillipsCourtney Phillips More articles by this author , John PhillipsJohn Phillips More articles by this author , Rollin SayRollin Say More articles by this author , Michael SmigelskiMichael Smigelski More articles by this author , Jeffrey WeissJeffrey Weiss More articles by this author , Andrew WinerAndrew Winer More articles by this author , Alexander SmallAlexander Small More articles by this author , Christopher AndersonChristopher Anderson More articles by this author , and Gina BadalatoGina Badalato More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003253.06AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: In order to increase junior resident proficiency and improve patient safety, simulation-based procedural trainings, or bootcamps, have become an emerging educational tool. Our goal was to assess the viability and efficacy of a multi-institutional, predominantly skills-based bootcamp for junior urology residents. METHODS: First and second year urology residents from the New York Section of the American Urologic Association (AUA) attended a live, procedurally-focused EMPIRE (Educational Multi-Institutional Program for Instructing REsidents) Boot Camp. The curriculum included simulation-based trainings including urethral catheterization, cystoscopy, renal and bladder ultrasound, and robotic simulation (Figure 1). Faculty from 10 institutions helped lead the various exercises. The seminar also included a didactic on urologic emergencies. A questionnaire assessing the experience was distributed to all faculty and resident participants immediately following the course. RESULTS: Twenty-nine junior residents and 16 faculty members participated in this course. Following completion, 11 faculty (69%; 11/16) and 23 trainees (79%; 23/29) submitted an evaluation. On a 5-point Likert scale of relative efficacy, with a higher number being more favorable, the score for each activity ranged from a mean of 4.39 ± 0.64 for the renal bladder ultrasound station to 4.83 ± 0.38 for the urethral catheterization workshop. The majority of trainees “strongly agreed” the event was fun and engaging (20/23; 4.83 ± 0.48) and felt better prepared for upcoming residency rotations (20/23; 4.78 ± 0.59) after the boot camp. Over 90% (21/23; mean 4.91 ± 0.28) strongly agreed the course provided a high-yield overview of urologic emergencies. 73% (8/11) of faculty rated the event as “excellent” for skills training. When asked about skills sessions for interns at their institutions in prior years, 45% (5/11) faculty noted no prior advanced skills sessions were offered. CONCLUSIONS: A skills-based collaborative urology boot camp is feasible and is perceived to be effective in preparing junior trainees for residency in a multi-institutional environment. Multi-institutional efforts such as these can help ensure trainees have equitable access to fundamental training experiences. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e344 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Justin Lee More articles by this author Miyad Movassaghi More articles by this author Nitya Abraham More articles by this author William Atallah More articles by this author Jamie Kanofsky More articles by this author Evan Kovac More articles by this author Michael Maren More articles by this author Gregory Mullen More articles by this author Allison Polland More articles by this author Courtney Phillips More articles by this author John Phillips More articles by this author Rollin Say More articles by this author Michael Smigelski More articles by this author Jeffrey Weiss More articles by this author Andrew Winer More articles by this author Alexander Small More articles by this author Christopher Anderson More articles by this author Gina Badalato More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

MP18-11 DOES LEVEL OF TRAINEE INVOLVEMENT HAVE AN IMPACT ON HYPOSPADIAS TIP REPAIR OUTCOME?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 Apr 2023MP18-11 DOES LEVEL OF TRAINEE INVOLVEMENT HAVE AN IMPACT ON HYPOSPADIAS TIP REPAIR OUTCOME? Vinaya Bhatia, Rocio Goodman, Maria Jabbour, and Walid Farhat Vinaya BhatiaVinaya Bhatia More articles by this author , Rocio GoodmanRocio Goodman More articles by this author , Maria JabbourMaria Jabbour More articles by this author , and Walid FarhatWalid Farhat More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003238.11AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Teaching hypospadias repair to trainees is a major component of pediatric urology fellowship training but is not a focus of training junior residents. Herein, we reviewed outcomes of distal hypospadias repairs performed by a single surgeon in the proficiency stage of practice in a residency program and compared these outcomes to those for the same surgeon in the same stage in a fellowship program. METHODS: We reviewed all distal tubularized incised plate repairs performed by a single surgeon from 2019-2021. Data included age, meatal location, presence of curvature, operative time, occurrence of complications, and follow-up duration. Of note, resident involvement comprised mainly assisting in penile degloving urethroplasty and included skin closure under direct supervision. Our outcomes were compared to previously published data using descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests, in which a p<0.05 was designated as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients met our inclusion criteria. A total of 5 patients had a megameatus, 6 had a glanular hypospadias, and 34 had a distal shaft hypospadias. The median age at surgery was 0.72 months (IQR 0.75 months). All patients did have an indwelling stent post-operatively. One patient (3.3%) was found to have complications, which were fistulae and meatal stenosis (Table 1). The time to complication for this patient was 6 months. When comparing previous data to the current data, the overall complication rates were lower (p=0.03), with overall complication rates of 15% (29/187) versus 3% (1/52). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study directly comparing hypospadias surgical outcomes for the same surgeon in a different practice setting, specifically fellowship and residency programs. Though the detailed role of fellows in hypospadias repair might not be well delineated, it did entail autonomy and delegation, while residents only assisted or performed skin closure under supervision. Our data suggest that fellowship training programs might need to determine key steps for hypospadias repair they teach or delegate. This process should be delivered in a gradual manner gauged to the level of trainees to ensure that outcomes are improved. Source of Funding: None © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 209Issue Supplement 4April 2023Page: e227 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Vinaya Bhatia More articles by this author Rocio Goodman More articles by this author Maria Jabbour More articles by this author Walid Farhat More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Working whilst studying: a survey of medically-qualified dental students

Medically-qualified junior trainees who are interested in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) are faced with the challenging decision to undertake the minimum three years required to obtain a Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) with its associated expenses and loss of income from full-time employment, or to follow a different career path. Trainees have reported duration of training and financial factors, such as cost of attaining additional qualifications and loss of income, as common reasons for loss of interest in OMFS. This survey of students enrolled on King’s College London’s three-year BDS dentistry entry programme for medical graduates (DPMG)shows that most studentsundertake paid part-time work in various settings and specialties alongside their studies. The average number of hours worked by students whilst studying is reported to be 27.0/week. Students report a wide range of incomes from various sources including secondary-care shifts in the NHS and private sector, as well as non-secondary-care activities such as non-surgical facial aesthetics. Direct correlation is noted between the number of hours worked and earnings, with comparable potential income in OMFS and non-OMFS specialties. Participants working in OMFS report greater educational and training value compared with non-OMFS work.

Chicken Feet: A Model for Practising Locoregional Flaps of the Hand.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of the chicken foot model for surgical trainees interested in practising the designing, harvesting and inset of locoregional flaps of the hand. Methods: A descriptive study was performed to demonstrate the technical aspects of harvesting four locoregional flaps in a chicken foot model: fingertip volar V-Y advancement flap, four-flap and five-flap Z-plasty, cross-finger flap and first dorsal metacarpal artery (FDMA) flap. The study was performed in a surgical training laboratory on non-live chicken feet. No participants were involved in this study, apart from authors performing the descriptive techniques. Results: All flaps were successfully performed. Anatomical landmarks, soft tissue texture and flap harvest, as well as inset closely resembled clinical experience with patients. Maximal flap sizes were 12 × 9 mm for volar V-Y advancement, 5 mm limbs for Z-plasties, 22 × 15 mm for cross-finger flaps and 22 × 12 mm for FDMA flaps. The maximal webspace deepening with four-flap/five-flap Z-plasty was 20 mm and the FDMA pedicle length and diameter was 25 and 1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Chicken feet can be effectively used as simulation models for hand surgical training with respect to gaining familiarity with the use of locoregional flaps of the hand. Further research requires testing for reliability and validity of the model on junior trainees.

Notational Analysis and Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Male Junior Badminton Match Play.

We examined the game characteristics of badminton and the physiological and metabolic responses in highly trained male junior players. Players from a Badminton England accredited Performance Centre (n = 10, age: 14.0 ± 1.2 y, height: 1.69 ± 0.06 m, body mass: 59.1 ± 5.0 kg) completed a 20-m shuttle run test (V˙O2max: 64 ± 7 mL·kg-1·min-1) and a simulated ability-matched competitive singles badminton game consisting of two 12-min games with a 2-min break wearing the COSMED K5 metabolic system with notational analysis. In five games, 427 points were contested with a rally time of 5.7 ± 3.7 s, a rest time of 11.2 ± 5.9 s, shots per rally of 5.6 ± 3.6, work density of 0.50 ± 0.21, an effective playing time of 32.3 ± 8.4%, and shots frequency of 1.04 ± 0.29. During badminton play, heart rate was 151 ± 12 b·min-1 (82 ± 10% of maximum heart rate), oxygen uptake was 39.2 ± 3.9 mL·kg-1·min-1 (62 ± 7% of V˙O2max), and energy expenditure was 11.2 ± 1.1 kcal·min-1 with a post-game blood lactate of 3.33 ± 0.83 mmol·L-1. Compared to adult badminton play, the physiological responses of junior badminton are lower and may be due to the shorter rally durations. Male junior badminton players should be exposed to training methodologies which include rally durations in excess of what they encounter during match play so as to develop greater consistency. Our observations on game characteristics and physiological responses during junior badminton can be used to inform training practice.

Plyometric Stair Jump and Reaction Box Jump to Improve the Frequency of Straight-forward Kicks in Pencak Silat Athletes

Pencak Silat basic technique mastery, either in art or fighting criteria, must be supported by ultimate physical condition. Straight-forward kick is one of the attacking modes that would be effective if supported by good leg muscle power. The objective of the study was to describe the plyometric training effectiveness on the straight-forward kick frequency. It was quasi-experiment research in which the samples were 30 junior male athletes of Pencak Silat. The 10-second straight-forward kick speed test was utilized as the instrument to determine the kick frequency. The researchers utilized paired t-test samples and One Way Anova with a significant score of p<0.05 to analyze the data. The research finding showed a significant effect from two plyometric training to the straight-forward kicks. No significant difference was found between the plyometric stair jump training and the box jump reaction. Further research is expected to describe the same training for both sexes at the adolescence level, so a comprehensive result could be used as guidance to train junior Pencak Silat athletes.

Training Undergraduate Sophomore or Junior Students in Air- and Moisture-Sensitive Reaction Techniques through a Multistep Synthesis of the Tripodal Bis[2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-pyridylmethyl](2-pyridylmethyl)amine (BCATTPA) Compound

Training Undergraduate Sophomore or Junior Students in Air- and Moisture-Sensitive Reaction Techniques through a Multistep Synthesis of the Tripodal Bis[2-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-pyridylmethyl](2-pyridylmethyl)amine (BCATTPA) Compound

What factors affect team members' evaluation of collaboration in medical teams?

Perceived teamwork quality is associated with numerous work-related outcomes, ranging from team effectiveness to job satisfaction. This study explored what situational and stable factors affect the perceived quality of teamwork during a specific team task: when a medical team comprising a senior (supervisor) and a junior (trainee) physician diagnoses a patient. During a field study in an emergency department, multisource data describing the patients, the diagnosing physicians, and the context were collected, including physicians' ratings of their teamwork. The relationships between perceived teamwork quality and situational (e.g., workload) and stable (e.g., seniority) factors were estimated in a latent regression model using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Across the N = 495 patients included, SEM analyses revealed that the patient-specific case clarity and urgency influenced the perceived teamwork quality positively, whereas the work experience of the supervisor influenced the perceived teamwork quality of both supervisor and trainee negatively, albeit to different degrees. Our findings shed light on the complex underpinnings of perceived teamwork quality, a performance-relevant factor that may influence work and organizational effectiveness in healthcare settings.

UK national trainee survey of hepatology training, research and the future workforce

ObjectiveThe increasing prevalence of liver disease in the UK means there is a pressing need to expand the hepatology workforce. This survey aims to evaluate current hepatology training provision, and...

Transolecranon and lateral Kirschner wire fixation for displaced supracondylar humeral fracture in children

Abstract Introduction Percutaneous pinning of supracondylar humerus fracture(SCHF) in children is an effective way to maintain the anatomic reduction of a displaced. closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) had been considered the standard treatment for displaced SCHF in children. Patients and methods A prospective case series, was conducted at the emergency department of Helwan university hospital from February 2020 to September 2021. It includes 40 patients with Gartland type III fracture who presented to the orthopaedic casualty and were included in the study. Four patients (10%) had the transolecranon wire was directed intramedullary, 11 patients (27%) had the wire directed posterolaterally, and 16 patients (40%) had the wire directed posteromedially and 9 patients (23%) had the wire directed posteriorly. Results The mean age was 5.57 years (range from 2–12 years). The mean Baumann angle in the patients was (70.89 ± 2.40). The mean follow-up duration was 3 months (range from 3–3.2 months). with mean carrying angle was about (9.37 ± 2.52) and no one of the patients had an excessive deformity of carrying angle that required correction. Regarding ROM loss, there were 25, but always poor. A few complications occurred including pin tract infection and broken transolecranon wire and all were tolerable with no effect on the outcome. Conclusion The Transolecranon and lateral Kirschner wires fixation is an effective option that provides good stability with the little number of trials in the management of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children, and the risk of nerve injury or fishtail deformity was avoided especially in the hands of junior trainees in their first 3 years of training.

Student worksheets Based On RME with Cabri 3D to Students' Mathematical Connections on solid with non-flat surface

This research is development research that aims to create student worksheets based on RME with Cabri 3D to train junior high school students' mathematical connections on solid with non-flat surface materials that are valid, practical, and have potential. The development model used is ADDIE. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 10 Palembang in the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The subjects in this study were students of IX Class. This study consisted of two stages, Preliminary and formative evaluation. Walkthrough and interview data contained comments and suggestions from validators and students. Questionnaire data to see the practicality of the developed Student worksheet. All data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. in the analysis, it was found that the student worksheet was built with valid criteria based on the validator results and practical. The questionnaire sheets with an average of 85.67%, which is very practical according to the criteria. The test showed the students' mathematical connection ability was categorized as good with an average of 87.88% after using the developed student worksheet. Based on the results obtained, the developed student worksheet meets the valid, practical and effective criteria.

Noncompete agreements, training, and wage competition

AbstractWe study the effects of noncompete agreements in an environment where firms invest in training junior workers. After obtaining employer‐provided training, trained workers can choose whether to remain loyal to their initial employer or switch to the competing employer. We evaluate the effects of noncompete agreements on wages, employment, investment in training, production, profits, and total welfare. Firms earn higher profits and pay lower average wage when they require workers to sign noncompete agreements.

The system of teaching children of preschool and primary school age to the basics of initial construction and robotics

Robotics is one of the most popular areas in the system of additional education for children of preschool and primary school age at the present time. But questions arise about what happens at the following levels of education: why older students lose interest in robotics, why teenagers stop attending robotics classes, why they, as a rule, do not want to continue to engage in this area in their future professional activities? What is the reason? How to build a system for teaching preschoolers and younger schoolchildren the basics of initial construction and robotics in such a way that subsequently not only maintain, but also increase students' interest in this direction? The article discusses the system of training preschoolers and junior schoolchildren in the field of construction and educational robotics, the stages of the formation of construction skills in children, describes possible teaching aids, variants of training tasks, shows a gradual transition from simpler models and constructors to more complex ones, from a game to a learning activities and implementation of projects, research work, which, in our opinion, will ensure the preservation of students' interest in robotics until the end of schooling.

EGS P15 Role of electronic consent in emergency surgery – A QIP in a high volume surgical emergency unit at a tertiary hospital

Abstract Background The Royal College of Surgeons of England discusses the significance of maintaining a written record of consent in addition to completing the consent form under section 4.10 of the supported decision-making guide to good practice - “any written information given to the patient should also be recorded and copies should be included in the patient's notes”. Studies show high error rates (27–50%) with handwritten consent forms due to poor legibility, incomplete/ inaccurate information, increased variability, and risk of misplacement. The consequences of these errors can lead to poor patient experience as well as unfavourable outcomes at the operational and institutional levels. Missing or incomplete consent is also the most common reason for first case delay (average 1–75mins). This prompted the QIP and generation of a standard template for the common emergency general surgery procedures in a high-volume Surgical Emergency Unit (SEU) at the John Radcliffe Hospital. Methods Procedure-specific Electronic Surgical Consent (eSConsent) template for common emergency general surgery operations was added to the online database to easily be added to the electronic patient record. The format, as outlined below, was designed to allow even junior surgical trainees to adapt and perform the consent process early on in their placement- Results The consent for all the emergency general surgery cases in a given week was reviewed and the compliance to maintaining eSConsent was audited. The first cycle between 20th-26th September 2021 showed compliance of only 18% (9 out of 49 operations). After discussing the audit findings with the members of the surgical team involved in the consenting process in the local meeting and implementing eSConsent, the compliance increased to 83.7% (36 of 43 cases) in the following week, 78% (33 of 43 cases) between 12th-18th November 2021 and 73% (28/38 operations) in the beginning of March 2022. Conclusions A consent form is a medicolegal document. Health care systems have taken advantage of technology to facilitate accuracy and robust monitoring. The emergency surgical consent process can benefit from this to avoid delays, errors and litigation. This transition is justifiable from our results and easily translated to practice particularly by using simple technology demonstrated in our QIP. Challenges including trainee changeover and new recruitments will expectedly affect the compliance of eSConsent but a proper induction to ensure adequate staff education will help overcome this. Weekly data capture has been adopted in our department as a surveillance protocol to ensure adherence and to standardize our practice.

143. Improving Early Exposure to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

During undergraduate dental education exposure to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is, on the whole, limited to theoretical teaching and a week or two of placements. In order to recruit more trainees we must consider how we are introducing them to the speciality. A placement was designed with the aim to increase understanding of the speciality, allow application of theoretical knowledge and give an insight into the reality of working as a junior trainee in OMFS.

Section on Allergy and Immunology

Founded in 1948, the Section on Allergy and Immunology is dedicated to ensure that children receive the highest quality of allergy and immunology care. To accomplish its mission, the Section provides a number of educational programs, training and research programs, and continually advocates for improved allergy and immunology care and services.The Section sponsors educational programs for both pediatric generalists and subspecialists at the AAP (AAP) National Conference and Exhibition each fall and at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology annual meeting each spring. The Section’s other educational endeavors include this annual “Best Articles in Pediatric Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology” Supplement to Pediatrics, Visiting Professor Program, electronic quality improvement in practice program on asthma diagnosis and management (eQIPP) that meets the ABP maintenance of certification criteria, and a number of public education materials. The Section is also active in contributing to educational programs and resources such as AAP News, educational brochures, Clinical Reports, and many other endeavors.To support training and promote research in pediatric allergy and immunology, the Section awards travel grants to residents and training fellows to participate and present cases at the AAP NCE and provides outstanding abstract awards for training fellows and junior faculty for presentation at the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Annual Meeting. In close collaboration with other subspecialty societies, the Section is actively involved with initiatives to improve subspecialty education, such as the American Board of Allergy and Immunology maintenance of certification requirements. Section members represent the AAP in national and government conferences and provide input on federal legislation on behalf of the AAP. For more information on all AAP allergy and immunology resources and initiatives, visit https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/committees-Councils-Sections/allergy-and-Immunology/pages/about-us.aspx.

139. The JTG and Facebook: Progression & Potential

The Junior Trainee Group (JTG) of the British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (BAOMS) represents everyone interested in OMFS from first day of university until entering specialty training. The JTG engages, supports and inspires the next generation of OMFS surgeons.

Career reflections of retired surgeons.

Career reflections of retired surgeons.

PELATIHAN PENYUSUNAN SOAL HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS (HOTS) BAGI GURU SMP DI KECAMATAN TEHORU

This community service activity aims to train junior high school teachers in Tehoru sub-district to prepare Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) questions. To find out the results of the training carried out, junior high school teachers in the Tehoru sub-district about preparing HOTS questions were given a questionnaire about their knowledge of preparing HOTS questions before and after attending the training. With training in the preparation of HOTS questions, teachers have understood how to prepare HOTS questions correctly. This can be seen from the results of the presentations of teachers in the training and changes in the results of the questionnaire scores before and after attending the training. The number of teachers who were hesitant and unable to prepare HOTS questions before the training was 16 people (88.9%). After attending the training, the number of teachers who have been able to compose HOTS questions is 18 people (100%)