Junior Football Players Research Articles

High Prevalence of Varus Knee Malalignment in Adolescent Football Players-Clinical Lower Leg Axis Measurements of Male Junior Football Players Aged 7 to 18 Years.

Football, as the most popular sport worldwide, has long been under suspicion of causing varus knee alignment as early as adolescence. However, no causal relationship has yet been found. The first step to do so would be to determine the prevalence of lower leg malalignment among male junior football players depending on age, performance level and the number of active seasons played. Leg axis alignment in frontal plane was determined in male junior football players of different age levels between 7 and 18 years by measuring the intercondylar/intermalleolar distance (ICD/IMD) in an upright position. In addition to anthropometric data, multiple sport-specific data such as the start of their football career or training time per week were collected by means of questionnaires (clinical trial registration number: DRKS00020446). 207 male junior football players were included in this survey. The mean age was 12.8 years. Within the group of 15 to 18 year olds, the prevalence of varus knee malalignment was highest at just under a third (32.1%). In the subpopulation that played actively for more than ten seasons, 28.9% showed varus leg axis. Regarding performance level, the highest IMD/ICD values and highest prevalence of varus alignment were found among football players who play on a semi-professional level (16.7%), compared to amateur (11.4%) and high-performance levels (2.8%). Further research is necessary to investigate if this high prevalence of varus knee in children of a higher age and higher playing levels is due to the selection bias of football players with varus knee or a real development of varus knee in individuals.

Psychological counselling and relationship to the development of achievement motivation among junior football players (12-15 years)

Researcher seeks through this study show the relationship between psychological counseling through its support extension needs (social, psychological, and health) achievement motivation among footballers class youth (12-15) - A field study in municipalities Annaba (Pony, Sidi Amar), psychological counseling be his relationship, and the provision of achievement motivation of an athlete requires psychological counseling, which allows and empowers the player achieve better Results and victories and raise the performance and compatibility level by sporting competitions (supervisor, 2000, Abu Atiya, 2002 Moisi, 2004) Modified the researcher, there linking relationship to psychological guidance of by supporting guidance needs in achievement motivation development of the athletic young football, as aims of this research is to identify the relationship of guidance (guidance needs) and its relationship to the development of achievement motivation when athletic young football, and their contribution to raise the level of performance at Sporting, with as much community 100 player Sports clubs Annaba mandate and selected a sample of 22 players from the municipalities of the Punic and Sidi Amar.

Job satisfaction in terms of leadership practices for workers in the directorates of sports and school activities in Baghdad

The researcher dealt with job satisfaction among leaders working in the directorates of sports and school activity in Baghdad schools by using the job satisfaction measure compared to the practices they perform during career work. 1. The most important physical and skill determinants as an indicator for selecting junior football players in Baghdad. 2. Establishing standards and setting standards for basic football skills for young players in Baghdad. Conclusions and recommendations: - This chapter includes a set of conclusions reached by the researcher, the most prominent of which are: Extracting four skill factors and the second factor was neglected for not meeting the conditions for accepting the worker The skill factors extracted are: The first factor: the roll factor and the accuracy of scoring. The third factor: the rolling factor. The fourth factor: handling factor. 2- The skill determinants learned can be used in selecting the emerging football players. As for the most important recommendations, they were: The necessity to use the standard skill scores that were obtained for selection, follow-up and evaluation to stand on the real level of players for this category.

Self-Reported Menstrual Health, Symptomatology, and Perceived Effects of the Menstrual Cycle for Elite Junior and Senior Football Players.

To describe the self-reported menstrual health, symptomatology, and perceived effects of the menstrual cycle on athletic performance for national and international Australian football (soccer) players. Players from national and domestic teams were invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding menstrual health, use ofhormonal contraceptives (HCs), negative symptomatology, and perceived disruption of the menstrual cycle to performance. Descriptive statistics and binomial regressions with odds ratios (OR) were used to report the relationship of menstrual-related variables with perceived performance disruption. A total of 199 players (20.9 [5.1]y) completed the questionnaire, with 18% of players reporting using HCs. One primary amenorrhea case was detected, and 26% of players reported menarche at age ≥15years. For non-HC users, the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea was 2%, oligomenorrhea was 19%, and heavy menstrual bleeding was 11%. Ninety-seven percent of players reported experiencing physical or affective menstrual symptoms (5 [1.3] per player), and 40% of all players reported that menstrual symptoms impacted their ability to work, study, train, or compete. Furthermore, 40% of players perceived their training or performance to be disrupted by the menstrual cycle. Increasing number of menstrual symptoms (OR = 1.43; 95% CI, 1.28-1.62; P < .001), heavy menstrual bleeding (OR = 12.73; 95% CI, 3.4-82.8; P < .001), and pelvic pain (OR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.7-7.2; P < .001) increased the likelihood of perceiving the menstrual cycle to disrupt performance. Heavy menstrual bleeding and HC use were low among this cohort of national and international footballers, whereas amenorrhea and oligomenorrhoea were comparable with other football populations. Nearly all players reported menstrual symptoms, and increased symptomatology was associated with greater perceived effects on performance.

The impact of Surya Namaskar exercise on agility performance among residential junior football players

The impact of Surya Namaskar exercise on agility performance among residential junior football players

Prepare to fail or failing to prepare? Acute performance after the 11+ with and without strength exercises

ObjectivesThe 11+ is an effective injury prevention warm-up programme but is often poorly adopted in practice. One reason for low compliance is the claim that the strength training part of...

Financial burden of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions in football (soccer) players: an Australian cost of injury study

ObjectivesTo estimate the financial burden of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions in amateur football (soccer) players in Australia over a single year, including both direct and indirect cost.MethodsAvailable national direct...

Playing Football as a Risk Factor for Lower Leg Malalignment?—Comparing Lower Leg Axis of Male Adolescent Football Players and Referees

The prevalence of varus knee malalignment among junior and adult football players (FP) has proven to be higher compared to other sports. No causal relationship has yet been found, as genu varum can be assumed to be an independent risk factor for the development of knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to compare knee alignment measurements and sport-specific data of adolescent football players and referees (REF). Knee alignment was detected by measuring the intercondylar/intermalleolar distance (ICD/IMD) as well as the Hip–Knee–Ankle angle (HKA) using a standardized digital frontal-plane photograph. Anthropometric and sports-related data (training/match exposure, seasons actively played, etc.) were collected by means of questionnaires (Clinical trial registration number: DRKS00020446). A total of 28 male FP and 29 male adolescent REF were included in the survey. The mean age was 17.4 ± 0.7 years. The two groups did not differ significantly in age, height, weight, BMI, and overall football/refereeing exposure per week (FP vs. REF: 274 vs. 285 min/week, p = 0.61). The HKA of the FP was significantly lower (toward varus) than that of the REF (177.6° ± 2.4° vs. 179.0° ± 2.4°; p &lt; 0.001). However, ICD did not significantly differ (FP: 17 ± 25 mm, REF: 13 ± 27 mm; p = 0.55). The football environment with frequent football exposure seems to have an influence on leg axis deviation in FP compared to REF. For prevention of knee osteoarthritis in FP, an advanced understanding of leg axis development in adolescent players is essential and, therefore, needs further research.

A Comparative Study of Motivation in Sports Training among Senior and Junior Professional Football Players in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought significant changes to the lives of athletes, particularly regarding the uncertainty surrounding the continuation of sports training and the postponement of sporting events. Given these disruptions to athletes’ routines, the role of motivation in sports participation is considered even more crucial. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the differences in motivation for sports participation during the Covid-19 pandemic between senior and junior professional football players. The sample consisted of 358 elite football players from the Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The players were divided into two groups: senior (n=193, 24.87±3.78 years) and junior (n=165, 18.08±1.00 years) football players. The Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ) was utilized, comprising 19 items classified into six motivational dimensions: “Sports success”, “Social status”, “Friendship”, “Physical health”, “Sports activity”, and “Support”. A five-point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire, which was administered electronically via Google Forms. Results revealed that junior football players achieved significantly higher values in only three out of the 19 items: “Want to be popular” (.005), “Want to get status” (.001), and “Wished for friendly games” (.000). However, there were no differences between the senior and junior football player groups in the remaining 16 items. Also, both groups displayed exceptionally high motivation levels in the dimensions of “Sports success”, “Physical health”, and “’Friendship”, while the weakest results were observed in the dimension of ‘Support’ for both groups. Despite the specific challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, the motivation to play football remains very high among both senior and junior football players. This study is essential as it provides insights into football players’ motivation and identifies differences in motivation levels between junior and senior players. The findings can be valuable for practical purposes, aiming to enhance motivation among football players, especially during circumstances where training conditions are disrupted, such as the Covid-19 pandemic.

EXAMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT STATUS, INJURY HISTORY AND SPECIFIC MOTOR PERFORMANCE AMONG YOUNG ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to find any relationship between total and selected FMS scores, recent (within two years) injury status, and specific motor performance. The secondary purpose of the study was to examine, wheather is there any relationship between injuries of the hamstring muscle and injuries of the hip and knee joints of the body.&#x0D; Material and methods: Youth and junior football players were volunteered to take part in our examination. A total of 45 subjects participated in our study, their age varied from 16 to 19. We implemented a five to one scoring system to identify the status of injuries. Finally, a complete FMS testing and a single leg (unilateral) standing long jump test were performed, involving all participants.Beside evaluating the total FMS scores of the participants, we chose to specifically stress on five test batteries out of seven. Out of the five tests we further focused on three FMS tests.&#x0D; Results and conclusion: In this given population, we have not found significant relationship between total FMS scores and overall scores (5 to 1) of injury status. Our results also did not indicate any significant correlation between selected FMS scores and single leg standing long jump performance.

Comparison between nonperiodized resistance training and nonlinear periodization on muscular peak power in Brazilian soccer players

Background: For decades the literature has been investigating the ideal dose-response regarding the frequency, intensity and volume of training that optimize the increase in muscle strength and power in athletes and non-athletes. Objective: Evaluate the effects of strength training from a nonlinear (NLP) and non-periodized (NP) model on muscular peak power in soccer players. Methods: Twelve male junior football players from a professional team in Cabo Frio (Brazil) were recruited and randomly divided into two groups (6 in each group). The groups were randomly divided into: G1 - (Body mass: 64.7 ± 6.5 kg; Height: 172.3 ± 5.8 cm; % fat: 5.1 ± 2.7; Age: 17.5 ± 1.0 years) performed RT with NLP model; G2 - (Body mass: 66.1 ± 4.7; Height: 177.1 ± 6.1 cm; % fat: 5.1 ± 1.2, age: 17.6 ± 0.5 years) performed RT with NP model. Both groups are subjected to 12 weeks of training. PNL strength training consisted of weight training sessions on alternate days, 3 times a week, the rest intervals were 120s among the exercises and included 10 exercises. NLP distribution was as follows: Day 1 (3x4-6 maximum repetitions [RM] with rest intervals of 120 sec between sets); Day 2 (3x8-10RM with 60-90 rest intervals between sets); and day 3 (3x12-15RM with rest intervals of 60 sec between sets). NP training performed the same duration, weekly frequency, exercises and number of sets (3 sets 8-10RM and 60-90 sec rest intervals). Before and after NP and NLP training, muscle peak, speed and agility were evaluated. Results: The ANOVA with mixed model showed no significant interaction between group and moment (F(1,10) = 0.133; p=0.72), and no significant main effect for group (F(1,10) = 0.032; p=0.86) in muscular peak power. There was a significant main effect for moment (F(1,10) = 14.872; p=0.003), where were showed that Post-training presented higher values of muscular peak power compared to Baseline (p= 0.003). Conclusion: It is concluded that both training organization models are effective and can be used to develop peak muscle power.

Effects of Limiting the Number of Ball Touches on Physical and Technical Performance of the Junior Football Players during Small-sided Game

PURPOSE: We aimed to examine the effects of limiting the number of ball touches on the physical and technical performances of junior football players during small-sided games (SSGs), which are widely used to improve football-specific physical and technical performances.METHODS: Nineteen middle-school football players participated in the study and took a pretest for their physical and technical skills to be evaluated before the main experiment. During the SSG, to balance teams according to the players’ levels of physical fitness and skill, we selected players with the highest to lowest total scores and organized them in an ABBA order. Ten players who obtained the highest scores participated in the SSG once a week for 5 weeks under the limitation of a certain number of ball touches (one, two, three, four, or free touches). Players could only play with a set number of touches. Each SSG consisted of 4-min sets with 4-min breaks after each set on a pitch with a goal.RESULTS: As the number of possible touches increased, the total distance and average speed of the players increased, and the distance ratio covered by running (over 13 km/h), but not walking or jogging, also increased. Regarding technical factors, as the number of touches a player could make increased, the number of passes decreased, whereas the rates of dribbles and defensive tackles increased.CONCLUSIONS: As the number of ball touches increased during the SSG, the young players covered a greater distance with a higher speed, unlike professional players, and the frequency of skills mostly used, such as passing and dribbling during the SSG, showed different results.

The Discipline of Football in the Provinces of Stanisławów and Ternopil in the Years 1920–1939. An Outline

The aim of the paper is to present the discipline of football in the provinces of Stanisławów and Ternopil in the years 1920-1939. The area of Stanisławów and Ternopil provinces was mainly inhabited by the Poles, Ukrainians and Jews. In the years 1920-1939, the number of clubs and sports associations that ran football sections among Polish, Jewish and Ukrainian citizens grew. Initially, those clubs and sports associations belonged to Lviv Regional Football Association (OZPN). In mid 20s and in the 30s of the 20th century, football organizational structures were created: sub-region of Stanisławów, sub-region of Ternopil and Stanisławów OZPN. The football players of Rewera Stanisławów, Pogoń Stryj and Strzelec Górka Stanisławów became successful all over Poland. In the years 1934-1939, the footballers from the province of Stanisławów – as representatives of Stanisławów OZPN – took part in playoffs to get promoted to the national league. Junior football players of Rewera Stanisławów and Strzelec Górka Stanisławów took part in final tournaments of Polish junior championships in the years 1936-1939.

Comparison of perspective passing performance in football games for persipura u-16 players pro academy elite league

Technical performance studies in professional football players need to be carried out intensely. The performance data from junior elite football was very useful for talent identification and further development. However, typical research is still rarely carried out, while previous research has focused on identifying talented players based on anthropometric, physiological, psychological, sociological and technical skills data. In this study, the assessment was no longer carried out from isolated situations but shifts to special assessments in real match situations, so that the results may contribute to talent identification. The purpose of this study was to assess the passing performance of elite junior football players in actual matches by comparing the performance of the Persipura U16 team in 2018 and 2019. The average value of passing, successful passing, and accuracy of passing in the 2018 season was 157, 101, and 66%, while the average value in the 2019 season was 167, 111, and 67%, respectively. Although the value increased slightly, however based on the calculation results there were no significant differences in the passing performance of the Persipura U-16 team in 2018 and 2019 league sessions. The results provide a recommendation that the practice session of passing techniques for junior football players, particularly Persipura U-16, should be carried out more in game situations and not in isolated situations.

Statistical study on the improvement of corner kicks in junior football players through specific means

Statistical study on the improvement of corner kicks in junior football players through specific means

Circuit Football Training Customized for Young Players during and after the COVID Period

Football was, is, and (perhaps) will always be the most widespread sport all over the world. High performance means hard work for all players, regardless of age. In this respect, training methods are adjusted to the needs of modern football, converging towards the successful formation of players with good technical tactical, physical, theoretical, and psychological levels. In the context of the research, we chose to use a program based on the circuit method, which would lead to the re-adaptation of junior football players to performance demands after the COVID-19 pandemic period (which was very difficult for sports in general). The circuit method is a suitable factor for the current trends in modern football. Our research showed that the circuit method was consistent with the specific goals of football training for 10–12 year olds. The method proposed for this study was not new, but it was applied for the first time to children and juniors, considering their age characteristics and the requirements of the modern world. Its implementation involved using a literature review, active observation, and practical methods. The exercises used in the study were designed in compliance with the specifics of both the age of 10–12 years and the game of football played at this level. The paper demonstrates that the circuit method enables teachers and coaches to achieve the football training goals intended for this age.

Effects of two explosive strength circuits on power, speed and agility in U16 football players

The purpose of study was to examine the effect of two circuits, which consists in specific plyometric drills and football-specific sprints combined with technical elements (crosses and finishing from crosses, feint, dribble and shoot), on the performance level related to explosive strength, power, speed and agility in U-16 football players. Forty U16 junior football players were selected to participate in this study (20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). For the experimental group was applied a weekly training programme (the experimental intervention), which consisted in two specific explosive strength circuits with sprints on four and three pitch zones. The tests consisted of vertical jumps – squat jump, counter movement jump and 15” Bosco Repeated Jump Test, drop jump, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m linear sprints and the Illinois Agility Test. The experimental group showed performance improvements (p &lt; 0.05) in all explosive strength and power tests, while the increases of the control group were not statistically significant. At speed and agility tests (10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints and the Illinois test), the experimental group showed significant performance improvements for the 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprints, and for Illinois Agility Test (p &lt; 0.05). The observed differences between the experimental and the control group (at initial and final testing) were discussed, and recommendations regarding the effectiveness of the intervention programme were highlighted.

The influence of compound exercises on the development of some kinetic and mental abilities in junior football players

The study's significance lies in the development of complex exercises for the development of some of the motor and mental skills of young soccer players. As for the research problem, he noticed a lack of integration of the elements on which the game is based in the training exercises prepared by most trainers in the development of young people, which resulted in a clear weakness in the motor and mental aspects at advanced levels as a result of this defect in preparing Age groups. The problem of research about the integration of mixing these components to develop the levels of the players and raise the physical and skill capabilities, especially for the young players, who are half of the present and all of the future, arises from here. The research aims to prepare complex exercises to develop some of the motor and mental skills of young soccer players, and to determine the effect of compound exercises in developing the motor and mental skills of young soccer players.

The impact of dynamic lactic acid training on lactic acid concentration as well as the development of receiving ability from movement and subsequent passing in young football players

The aim of this work is to prepare dynamic lactic acid exercises and to know the extent of their effects on blood lactic acid concentration after exercise. In addition, the development of complex offensive skill of receiving from the movement and then passing for junior football players. During which the researchers employed an experimental strategy (by designing two equal groups with pre - and post - tests). Search for its applicability to the nature of the problem and access to achieving goals. After the research community identified the emerging football players in the Specialized School for the Care of Sports Talent in Babylon for the sports season (2020-2021), whose ages ranged from (14-16) years, and they numbered (35) players, a sample of them was selected consisting of (24) players using the simple random method, and divided for the purposes of the research experiment randomly by (12) players for each group. The researchers then suggested that football coaches use appropriate exercises to effectively develop the players' special abilities and, as a result, improve the level of skill performance. Paying attention to and focusing on measuring physiological variables such as pulse, lactic acid concentration, and others during exercise performance for all age groups in order to legalize exercises and determine the extent of their impact on players.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on young football players' performance endurance and receiving skills from movement, rolling and scoring

The purpose of this paper is to prepare high - intensity interval training and know the extent of its effects on the development of performance endurance and receiving skill from movement, rolling and shooting for junior football players, where the researcher used the experimental approach and by designing two equal groups with pre - and post - tests for its relevance to the nature of the problem and the achievement of the research objectives. After the research community identified the emerging football players for the sports season at the Specialized School for the Care of Sports Talent in Babylon (2020-2021). Whose ages ranged from (14-16) years, and their number was (35) players, the goalkeeper was excluded, and a sample of them was chosen. It was made up of (24) players who were divided at random for the purposes of the research experiment by (12) players for each of the two groups, the experimental (high - intensity interval) and the control group. Following the completion of the testing process for the research variables for the pre and post - tests, as well as the application of the research experiment. The researchers then recommended: the use of training methods within youth training programs because of their positive impact on the development and development of the level of skill and physical performance, as well as conducting studies using exercises similar to the nature of the motor performance that occurs during a match, with an interest in improving the complex skillful performance of junior footballers.