Jungian Research Articles

Desenvolvimento infantil e adaptação: relações entre proposições junguianas e o conceito de funcionamento adaptativo

Abstract Objective This paper proposes a theoretical review that aims to understand the notion of adaptation according to the psychodynamic approach of Analytical Psychology, associated with the psychological construct of adaptive functioning, the latter being measurable through "conceptual, social, and practical" domains. Method Integrative literature review. Results Adaptive functioning domains may be analytically interpreted in terms of personality development, self-agency, adaptation to external and internal conditions, conscious skills, and unconscious aspects inferred from the clinical context. Conclusion The proposed theoretical construction is expected to be useful for clinical psychology and for mixed methods research, integrating results of psychological testing instruments based on adaptive functioning domains.

The Dao of Dialogue: Daoism, Psychology, and Psychotherapy

Abstract: From analytical psychologist Carl Jung's exploration of internal alchemy through humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow's plea for a more Taoistic Science to pioneering person-centered therapist Carl Rogers's embrace of nonaction, Daoist teachings have played a consistent, subtle but significant part in shaping popular approaches in psychology and psychotherapy. Contemporary cognitive therapies are increasingly informed by Daoist principles and cultivation practices—including the emergence of Chinese Taoist Cognitive Psychotherapy. In this paper, I outline the past, present and future of this cross-cultural dialogue, in addition to reflecting on my own Daoist encounters and inspirations that have led to my pursuit of more transpersonal and ecological approaches and insights. Our current global predicament is largely the result of a prevalent, insidious, largely unquestioned anthropocentric mindset, which reduces the natural world to natural resources. It is my firm conviction that a more Daoist-based worldview may prove to be a potent antidote to this detrimental, default way of thinking and more vital than ever when faced with impending climate crises and catastrophe—bridging the psychological, ecological and soteriological.

Healing attitudes in contagious times: the experience of practising psychotherapy in China during the pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic is a challenge for any human being. Realising this simple psychological fact, the China Society for Analytical Psychology launched a "Garden of Heart & Soul 2020" volunteer campaign, providing psychological care to those in need whether or not they had had previous experience with counselling or psychotherapy. This article describes principles and practice of Jungian analysts, analysts in training, sandplay therapists, and other practitioners in China seeking to apply Jungian analytic techniques with regard to exposing and working through psychological complexes to the problems that have emerged for people facing the epidemic. Emphasis has been placed on developing a conscious, compassionate attitude towards the cultural complexity the epidemic has activated in China, which has therapeutic aspects based on the traditional wisdom of Chinese culture. Contemporary Ci-bei (compassion) therapy has added to these the contemporary Jungian emphasis upon playing, active imagination in the form of art making and authentic movement, and attention to the feelings of the inner child. With people facing a pandemic and its many problems, the use of Chinese myths and legends that involve facing collective challenges with resilient ingenuity is also helpful. They can be retold to contemporary people caught between fear of isolation and fear of contagion in such a way as to awaken the archetypal energy of the individual self that is needed to reconcile these opposites. In applying these Jungian techniques and concepts, we have been able to witness their power even in relatively shortterm crisis intervention, to foster transformation of attitudes and healing in populations facing cultural stress who would not have imagined that consulting a Jungian practitioner could be so helpful.

The Jungian analysis of symbols and visuals in the BTS’ Song Blood, Sweat and Tears

This paper explores the significance of art, architecture, visuals of setting and different symbols in the song Blood, Sweat and Tears, sung and performed by the South Korean Music Band Bangtan Sonyeondan, also known as (BTS). The existence of different symbols throughout cultures around the world is an attempt to preserve what humans have perceived about themselves and the world around them in different phases of cultural history. These symbols are embedded in our cultural and religious behaviour. Such religious and cultural imprints have been examined in the lead song, Blood, Sweat and Tears, of the album The Wings, made and performed by BTS. Blood, Sweat and Tears is a piece of decadent literature. This song has attracted the attention of music critics and art and literature students due to its allegorical beauty and rich symbolism. The music video is loaded with symbols conveying an implicit story of psychological complexities in the background concerning the conflict between good and evil in human nature. BTS is communicating a deep meaning behind the curtain of a symbolic setting. The researcher has attempted to interpret the song’s art, architecture, and symbols through the Jungian psychoanalytic perspective.

Cortejando Medusa ou uma abordagem poética da teoria crítica dos processos de criação em artes

The article aims to expose the concept of “process documents” through a mythical format, touching on the position of the critic and the artist in relation to records, in addition to the immateriality of the creative process and the challenges of artistic creation. This approach is justified by enabling the reading of complex and abstract notions belonging to the critical theory of creative processes in the arts through a structure closely linked to human experience, that is, telling stories. To this end, the Greek myth of Perseus and Medusa was selected, especially the section in which the hero uses his shield as a mirror, in order to be able to see Medusa, given that this episode allows us to establish a bridge with the potential of the documents of process of enabling the glimpse of something, a priori, invisible, that is, the creative process itself. The breadth of meanings provided by the symbolic figures that make up the narrative and the specific way in which they relate enable an in-depth poetic investigation of the nature of the aforementioned concepts. For the theoretical basis and development of the discussion, the reasoning developed by Gaston Bachelard was used regarding the essential elements from which the creative movement originates - with emphasis on the water element - and the concepts of archetype and unconscious belonging to Analytical Psychology, formulated by Carl Jung. The study presents a qualitative approach and the procedure used was bibliographical research, emphasizing the unique contribution of Cecília Almeida Salles.

Kesadaran Tokoh Leo Dalam Novel “Dan Hujan pun Berhenti” Karya Farida Susanty: Kajian Teori Carl Gustav Jung

The novel "And the Rain Stopped" by Farida Susanty is a novel that tells the story of a man named Leo Strada who experiences depression and distrust of anyone. In this research, the author uses Carl Jung's psychoanalysis theory to analyze the novel. This research is qualitative research with descriptive method. Jung's psychoanalytic theory focuses on the concept of the unconscious and archetypes. The author finds that the novel "And the Rain Stopped" contains many archetypes that describe Leo Strada's experience in dealing with depression. The author also found that the novel describes Leo Strada's individuation process, which is his process of reaching psychological maturity. This study shows that Jung's theory of psychoanalysis can be used to analyze the novel "And the Rain Stopped". The theory can help us understand Leo Strada's experience in dealing with depression and his individuation process.

Exploring Archetypal Patterns of the Main Character in Maleficent Movie

The purpose of the study is to explore the archetypal patterns and how it changes the main character that it gives effect to the movie. Archetypal patterns refer to recurring motifs or fundamental patterns that exist in various cultural expressions, myths, stories, and artworks worldwide. This study used Carl Jung’s theory to identify archetypal patterns. Studying archetypal patterns in film though Jungian theory offers more understanding how symbols are portrayed in the characters, plot, and themes in the movie. The Maleficent movie was used to gather the data. Data collection involved non-participant observation and note-taking technique. In collecting the data. The researchers watched the movie, highlight the parts that related to theory, and then connected to the theory. In analysing the data, the researchers used Miles & Huberman theory which: data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. Maleficent persona can be seen from her interaction with Aurora. Meanwhile, her shadow came out when she felt angry and wanted to revenge.

Dynamic Oppositional Symmetries for Color, Jungian and Kantian Categories

This paper investigates some classical oppositional categories, like synthetic versus analytic, posterior versus prior, imagination versus grammar, metaphor versus hermeneutics, metaphysics versus observation, innovation versus routine, and image versus sound, and the role they play in epistemology and philosophy of science. The epistemological framework of objective cognitive constructivism is of special interest in these investigations. Oppositional relations are formally represented using algebraic lattice structures like the cube and the hexagon of opposition, with applications in the contexts of modern color theory, Kantian philosophy, Jungian psychology, and linguistics.

William Carlos Williams and Emily Dickinson Wellcome: The Conflict of the Doctor Persona and the Christian Science Anima

Abstract Emily Dickinson Wellcome has been called the “essential muse” of her grandson, William Carlos Williams. Paul Mariani, when bestowing this sobriquet, further states that Williams identified her “with nothing less than the deepest promptings of his unconscious self” (8). To look more deeply into Williams’s unconscious self and detect Emily’s presence, this essay relies on a close reading of three poems—“Dedication for a Plot of Ground,” “The Last Words of My English Grandmother,” and “An Exultation”—against the psychic structures proposed by Jungian analytical psychology. Emily’s adherence to Christian Science alluded to in the poems and referenced in Williams biographies will be demonstrated as a crucial component of the contra-sexual unconscious complex Carl Gustav Jung terms the anima, contrasted against the consciously constructed persona of the medically oriented ‘Doctor Williams.’

Approche historique des épreuves projectives par le jeu au décours du XXe siècle

ObjectiveThe objective of this article consists in presenting the historical and epistemological analysis of the various psychological currents at the origin of the creation of the various play-based projective tests during the 20th century in Europe. The historical and conceptual sources of these proofs being fragmentary, an analysis of the archives proved necessary in order to grasp the nature of their differences and their common elements. The psychodynamic analysis of the child's motives for playing, along with their traces in the adolescent and in the adult, make it possible to think about the different modes of apprehension of the analysis of play according to the tests’ creators. The different objectives of these creators are analyzed in order to perceive the theoretical background that motivated their creations. MethodThe presentation of the Scenotest to autistic children and the various interpretative possibilities led me to return to the historical sources of the different contexts of the creation of play-based tests: The World Test, The Village Test, The Imaginary Village Test, The Scenotest. The quest for expression through play is constantly questioned according to different concepts in order to access humans’ modes of psychic and perceptual functioning. However, we can observe common elements in the approach to the investment of space and time, which we propose to analyze. The updating of the links between the various creators and researchers leads to an examination of a shared foundation for the various play-based projective tests under discussion, differences in treatment of the material, as well as their implementation. The contribution for each version of the play tests is recorded in the analysis of the diversification of methods. ResultsThe results attest to a common goal centered on the spatial treatment of constructions and what they reveal of the unconscious of each one as well as their links to the collective. Admittedly, research projects take on different colors depending on the creators. There is no shared method: each creator deploys his personal method of analyzing the creation of individual and collective living spaces, circulation spaces. However, we have grouped together several common elements: - None of the test creators make a link with Freudian infantile sexuality. - The focus is on the action of the game, which is used to decipher the qualities of constructions, even strategies to distribute the constructions. - The observation and analysis of the modes of projection of spatial representations are common. However, the motor expression of affect is not noted as an index of psychic economy. The qualities of the affects present in the modes of assembly of the constructions, from the child to the adult, are not analyzed. - The superposition of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach is one of the common elements; the same tools are used in different settings. - No creator mentions the quality of the environment and the major traumatic upheavals, as well as their traces, to which the population was subjected during this period of the 20th century. Jung's works are frequently quoted and taken up as a basis for reflections in these two frameworks; the influence of Jungian theories appears relatively extensive at this time. DiscussionThe memory traces left by the traumas linked to the two World Wars are little taken into account among populations who were exposed to their damage, although the games reveal traces of it. Current research on autism and old age reflects ongoing in-depth studies. A reflection comes up several times in the writings of G. von Staabs that also crosses the two fields concerned by the Scenotest, that of psychotherapy and diagnostic investigation. The reference to construction is interesting to remember, in this period of destruction of the environment; on the contrary, the game and the analysis of its free associativity in children are left in the shadows. The work of Monika Boekholt concerning the Scenotest has made it possible to present a new method of interpreting acting processes by favoring the analysis of the different modes of representation of the body in thought, from perceptual sensory traces to the work of primary and secondary identifications. During our research with children and adolescents with autism using the Scenotest, we were surprised by the attention paid by the patients to the elements to be built which, are immediately invested in building a double bottom and/or reinforcing the edges of the playing area. ConclusionThis historical study sheds light on the new fields of epistemological and therapeutic research, which could be useful in designing relevant diagnostic and therapeutic devices.

Who Am I Really? – Illusions and Splits in the Mirror

This research paper examines the ‘As-If’ personality, characterized by mimicry, emotional distance, and disconnection from one’s true self, within the context of today’s social media culture. Drawing upon psychoanalytic insights, it explores the impact of living a superficial existence, marked by illusions and isolation. Through the lens of the Greek myth of Echo and Narcissus, it reveals the yearning for authentic connection and love beneath these personas. The study highlights the potential for healing and self-discovery in Jungian analytical psychology, emphasizing the journey to self-realization and authenticity.

THE ANIMUS OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN “GIRL MANS UP” NOVEL BY M-E GIRARD

This research is conducted to discover the animus of a masculine girl in the novel titled “Girl Mans Up” written by M-E Girard. This research applies an analytical psychology approach, specifically archetypal approach with the concept of animus archetype proposed by Carl Jung. Animus is the masculine qualities or traits in females’ psyche, in opposition with her outer appearance. This research focuses on the stages of the animus development of the main female character whose outer appearance was not feminine. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method. To collect and analyze the data, the researchers use library research method. There are two types of data, which are primary and secondary. Primary data are collected from the novel and secondary data are collected from books and articles related to animus to support the research. The analysis shows that the main character’s animus was on the first and second stage of development, with three data for Man of Power stage and six data for Man of Action stage, and that gender expression does not fully signify the person’s psychological traits.

Methodological basis of the relationship between art and medicine

The aim of the article is to show the importance of methodological foundations in the relationship between art and medicine, whose source is the sacral core of the syncretic complex of primitive society, which includes the principles of harmony and beauty, the use of which makes it possible to have a therapeutic effect on human health under conditions where modern art of the West and East is characterized by the use of many new technologies that cancel the lines between abstract thinking and artistic activity. All this is directly related to the functioning of medicine III, which combines the methods of Eastern and technology and the instrument base of Western medicine, as well as new concepts and paradigms in the context of such trends of the modern world as aestheticization and technization. Materials and methods. This article uses the followingg theoretical tools: the idea by C. Jung, quite widely used in modern research, that a person’s psychological impulses (archetypes) lie dormant in his collective unconscious (self), which contains the golden ratio; a new approach to the relationship between art and medicine, when the Universe is a masterpiece of Baroque art, and medicine has a quantum character; the paradigm of the fractal nature of the world; the concept of the relationship between the synergetics of the human brain and the synergetics of art; the relationship between art and medicine in the aspect of disaster theory; the paradigms of “integration of the model of healing and healing according the traditions of the East and West; mythological and ritual source of the unity of arts and medicine; the model of digital art and human consciousness. The analytical psychology of K. Jung was chosen as the methodology and logic of scientific research into the relationship between art and medicine, which makes it possible to show the significance of their deep connections in adapting to the complex world of uncertainty and extremity. Results. For the first time in philosophical literature, the philosophical and methodological significance of the relationship between art and medicine is shown from the position of depth psychology by C. Jung in the development of the unconscious of civilizations and cultures of our planet, which makes it possible to adequately assess the degree of their significance in the context of an increasing number of extreme situations. For the first time, a hypothesis has been put forward, according to which art therapy gives a person’s life high meaning. Conclusions. It is proposed to use methodological problems of the relationship between art and medicine based on the depth psychology by C. Jung to overcome the cultural savagery of humanity so that it can survive in the extreme situation of the modern world.

웹툰 <화산귀환> 주인공 개성화 과정 연구

This study analyzed the consciousness, unconsciousness, and individuation process of 'Cheongmyeong', the protagonist presented in the webtoon “Return of the Blossoming Blade”, based on Jung's theory of individuation. The subject of the research was the webtoon “Return of the Blossoming Blade”, which has formed a readership across various genders and age groups, based on a successful web novel. The individuation process of the protagonist of “Return of the Blossoming Blade”, analyzed using Jung's theory, is as follows: Firstly, the protagonist's ego originated from the shadow derived from the unconscious. Secondly, the protagonist's persona is social and positive in reality, but the personal persona manifested as an unrevealed shadow. Thirdly, the protagonist's anima/animus connects the profound inner consciousness with reality, maintaining a complementary relationship with the persona. Fourthly, the protagonist's Self symbolizes the collective ideal human and the essence of the volcano. The protagonist was shown to achieve individuation through a continuous repetitive process of integrating consciousness and unconsciousness, and through the compensatory process.

The Manifestation of The Archetype Character Hafizhul Furqon in The Novel Di Antara Dua Sujud by Muhammad Irata: Literary Psychology

This research examines the structure of Carl Gustav Jung’s analytic psychology theory. The object of the reseach is to looks how the archetypal structure of the main character Hafizhul Furqon in Muhammad Irata’s Novel “Di Antara Dua Sujud”. The purpose of this study is to determine what forms of archetypes explaining them clearly. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study found that the main character dominated the Persona structure, portraying him as a selfless individual who suppresses his own feelings and prioritizes others. Additionally, in terms of the Self, Furqon is depicted as a simple person in his pursuit of happiness, taking full responsibility for his choices from the beginning and following through to the end. Finally, there exists the Shadow aspect; initially, Furqon elevates the status of women but undergoes a sudden change in attitude when he discovers a weakness in the woman her put on a pedestal, inducing him to hate her and shatter the hearts of women who had previously esteemed him

Per Nørgård's Tragic Vision: A Comparison of Gilgamesh (1972) and Nuit des hommes (1996)

AbstractThe operas of Per Nørgård (b. 1932) embody a search for hidden wisdom and spiritual transcendence characteristic of artists who came to maturity during the 1960s. Gilgamesh (1972) and Nuit des hommes (1996) can be perceived as mirror images that embody visions of universal harmony and discord, and of spiritual wholeness and disintegration. This article analyses Nørgård's use of mythic paradigms and Jungian archetypes to structure the operas. It also examines Nørgård's use of dialectical polarities, including creation and death, the human and the divine, and self and others. In particular, it discusses two concepts derived from the work of Joseph Campbell, the ‘hero's journey’ and the ‘cosmogonic cycle’, linking them to Jung's theory of individuation. While Gilgamesh embodies a successful realisation of the hero's journey, the characters in Nuit des hommes become directionless wayfarers in a hostile world.

The Image of Transformation and Cognitive Flexibility

The article suggests to view the image of transformation as an idea, that affects cognitive flexibility (the ability to overcome responses or thinking that have become habitual and adapt to new situations). We may notice, that cultural stereotypes of thinking are partly predetermined by mythology. Myths represent our mind’s view of mental capabilities, the way our conscience interprets unconscious processes. The following describes the images of transformations in ancient Greek and Hindu mythologies as two points of view on psychic processes, letting us notice possibilities and limitations of transformation processes offered by Western and Eastern myths. Transformation is considered a basic task in Jungian theory. Today, the entire world mythology has become accessible due to globalization. The purpose of this work is to consider different versions of the transformation image, making it possible to enrich emotionally significant, archetypal symbols that are used in practice, as well as to think about which symbols and mythological images most accurately represent modern consciousness, today’s reality perception. The signs underlying the image of transformation in Eastern myths are compared with modern empirical data on physiology and psyche. Based on this comparison, it is suggested that modern knowledge on cognitive flexibility is closer to Eastern mythology.

Rethinking Jung’s Reception of Kant and the Naturphilosophen

Abstract In this essay I reassess the scholarship on Jung’s reception of Kant and the influence of German biology and the Naturphilopshen on his thinking. In the extant literature on Jung and Kant it has been argued that Jung misread Kant. I argue that this position is based on a limited understanding of Kant’s work, one which fails to consider Kant’s theories on the affect-based nature of aesthetic experience as outlined in Critique of Judgment (1790). I also explore connections between the Naturphilopshen, Jung and contemporary developmental evolutionary biology. This approach will enable me to reconsider German biology from Kant to Jung in the context of contemporary evolutionary and cognitive science. More specifically, I look at how forms of minimal phenomenal experience, in which the spatiotemporal structures of consciousness are annulled, can help us develop a new approach to analytical psychology and altered states of consciousness grounded in contemporary evolutionary science.

The Alchemical Oedipus: Re-Visioning the Myth.

The Oedipus myth is foundational to depth psychology due to Freud's use of Sophocles' play Oedipus Rex in the creation of psychoanalysis. But analytical psychology's engagement with the myth has been limited despite the importance Jung also places upon it. The absence of a developed Jungian response to Oedipus means the myth's psychologically constructive elements have been overlooked in favour of reductive Freudian interpretations. I examine whether analytical psychology can fruitfully re-engage with Oedipus by reinterpreting his story as a paternal rebirth. This is achieved by reincorporating those parts of the myth that occur before and after the period portrayed in Oedipus Rex. Such a move reintegrates Oedipus' father, King Laius, into the story and unveils important parallels with the alchemical trope of the king's renewal by his son. Using Jung's method of amplification, Oedipus is recast as Laius' redeemer and identified with the archetype of psychological wholeness, the Self. The contention is that such an understanding of Oedipus supports a clearer recognition of the potentially generative quality of human suffering, restoring to the myth the quality of moral instruction it possessed in antiquity.

Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and Carl Jung's Theory of the Collective Unconscious

Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and Carl Jung's Theory of the Collective Unconscious