Judo Competition Research Articles

Fasting in Judo—Between Healthy Weight Control and Health Hazard: A Narrative Review

Rapid weight loss strategies and weight cycling (losing and gaining weight repeatedly) are acknowledged problems in sports with weight categories, including judo. Extreme fasting, especially if combined with dehydration and intense physical exercise, may harm health and development, particularly those of children and teenagers engaging in judo competitions. However, there is substantial evidence for positive health effects of other forms of fasting. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of the potential health risks associated with extreme dietary strategies in judo and contrast them with health-promoting fasting approaches. We conclude that the literature on the long-term health consequences of fasting in judo is scarce. This applies specifically to its potential association with eating disorders. Although many reports have highlighted the short-term risks of rapid weight loss, vulnerability and protection factors remain poorly understood. Rigorous scientific studies are needed to disentangle the factors that render fasting in judo healthy or unhealthy, considering both physical and mental health. We argue that a better understanding of weight management in judo is crucial to preventing health risks and designing healthy weight loss strategies, especially for young athletes.

Golden score period in high-level judo competitions: the effect of the scores and penalties at the real contest time

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of scores and penalties in real contest time on the contest results in the golden score period. Of 6872 official contests at 10 different high-level competitions, 1414 contests with a golden score (21%) were included. Analyses for sex, weight category and rounds were performed with total match duration. Scores and penalties were recorded separately for real contest time and golden score period. Mutual waza-ari at real time (first 4 min) caused the high rate of matches ending with a score (p < 0.05). The rate of receiving a shido was higher among defeated athletes during the real contest time (p < 0.05). The rate of winning a contest with score during the golden score period was lower than winning a contest with hansoku-make in heavyweight categories. The contests more likely ended with scores and less likely ended with hansoku-make for men than women (p < 0.05). The results showed that the way the contest ended was different between sexes and among weight categories during the golden score period. Receiving a shido during the real contest time can lead to defeat in the golden score, thus athletes should be careful of presenting active judo and refraining from any action leading to penalties.

The Para Judo competitions: reflections and possible strategies to improve accessibility in official tournaments

ABSTRACT This study provides a comprehensive analysis focusing on three critical facets: (1) evidence-based classification in Paralympic sports, with particular attention to recent changes in Para judo; (2) the rules and structure governing judo competitions; and (3) proposals aimed at enhancing the competitive environment, specifically emphasizing accessibility for judo athletes with visual impairments. We meticulously examine the current competition framework's effectiveness in promoting inclusive participation and equitable opportunities for athletes with visual impairment. Furthermore, innovative recommendations are proposed to address accessibility challenges within the competitive landscape, drawing insights from accessibility perspectives. Our study contributes significantly to the discourse surrounding judo competition dynamics by addressing these focal points. It advocates for meaningful enhancements prioritizing inclusivity and equal access for all athletes, irrespective of visual impairment. These proposals aim to foster a competitive environment that accommodates diverse needs and ensures that judo remains accessible and welcoming to athletes with visual impairment. Ultimately, our study seeks to advance the broader goal of creating a more inclusive and equitable sports environment for all participants.

Direct contact and very rapid valgus distortion characterise the injury mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in judo.

To analyse anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture (ACLR) injury mechanisms in competitive judo using systematic video analysis, focusing on contact situations and biomechanics. Seventeen videos of judo competitions wherein athletes developed ACLRswere included and retrospectively evaluated by five analysts. In all videos, the momentof initial contact and the index frame were defined. The judo techniques leading to the injury; the occurrence of direct contact, indirect contactor noncontact mechanisms; the time interval between the initial contact and index frame; the positions of the hip, kneeand foot in relation to the initial contact and index frame; and the balance status during the initial contact and index frame were recorded. Eleven (65%) of ACLRs in judo involved direct contact. The mean time interval between initial contact and index frame was 15 ± 22 ms. Thirteen (77%) athletes were not balanced at initial contact. In the index frame, the hip was abducted in all cases and in combination with internal rotation in 12 (71%) cases. From initial contact to index frame, hip flexion increased in all cases; at index frame, the knee joint was internally rotated relative to the trunk in 12 (71%) cases, and the knee flexion angles increased from the initial contact. In the index frame, the foot was externally rotated relative to the knee in 12 (71%) cases, and severe valgus development of the knee with valgus collapse was observed in 14 (82%) cases. A direct attack on the knee was the most common injury mechanism observed. Valgus distortion appears to be the most important component of the mechanism of injury. With this knowledge, 'modified defence reactions'for specific judo techniques can be developed to reduce the injury risk. Level IV.

Neuromuscular Performance of World-Class Judo Athletes on Bench Press, Prone Row and Repeated Jump Tests

Judo is a sport that requires multiple high-intensity moments during the fight and high neuromuscular performance. Although not often, the explosive actions of the lower limbs can be decisive to winning in combat. This study aims to identify the differences in the neuromuscular features of the range of movements of the upper and lower limbs between the top-elite and elite male judo athletes. This cross-sectional study included 63 high-level male judo athletes, who were classified into two level groups: (i) top-elite (n = 30; age: 23.5 ± 3.2 years) and (ii) elite (n = 33; age: 22.6 ± 2.9 years). All the participants went to the laboratory for neuromuscular evaluations in the bench press (BP), prone row (PR), and repeated jump in 30 s (RJ30) tests. The results show that the top-elite judo athletes are superior in all the upper-body neuromuscular attributes studied. These differences were significantly superior in (i) BP peak velocity (p &lt; 0.01), maximum load 1RM, power (peak and mean), force (peak and mean), force mean to peak power, and rate of force development (RFD) (all, p &lt; 0.001); and (ii) RP maximum load 1RM (p &lt; 0.01), power load (kg, p &lt; 0.001; % 1RM, p &lt; 0.05), peak power (p = 0.010), power mean (absolute, p &lt; 0.01; relative, p &lt; 0.05), force mean (p &lt; 0.05), force mean to peak power (absolute, p &lt; 0.05) and RFD (p &lt; 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed in the BP and PR time to peak force, time to peak power, and time between peaks (power and force). In the RJ30, it was observed that the initial contact time (T1) of top-elite athletes is significantly lower than that of elite athletes (p &lt; 0.05) and that power at 15 (T2) and 30 (T3) seconds is significantly higher in top-elite athletes (T2, p &lt; 0.05; T3, p &lt; 0.01). The main effect of the performance group was significant in contact time (p &lt; 0.05), and the main effect of time was statistically significant in jump height (p &lt; 0.001), power (p &lt; 0.001), force (p &lt; 0.001) and velocity (p &lt; 0.01). In addition, jump height (p &lt; 0.01; η2p = 0.088) and power (p &lt; 0.05; η2p = 0.068) showed a significant interaction between time and performance group. These results suggested that the observed superiority of the top-elite judo athletes in neuromuscular attributes can determine success in judo competitions. This observation reinforces that neural and metabolic profiles must be considered to increase the effectiveness of maximal power training for the upper and lower body.

Features of the content of the training of highly qualified judo wrestlers

Judo belongs to the group of complex coordination sports. Its main content consists in the interaction of opponents through motor resistances, the task of which is to bring them out of balance with the help of technical actions in the stance with the subsequent pursuit of the opponent in a lying fight (parterre). The purpose of the pursuit is to win with binding knots of a restraining, suffocating or painful nature in accordance with the rules of the competition. As a martial art, judo is aimed at competitive activity. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of effective training of judokas in a competitive microcycle. Judo's arsenal contains a set of technical actions for fighting in the stance (throw technique) and parterre (holding technique, technique of pain techniques on the elbow joint, technique of choking techniques), the study of which is determined by the traditional system of degrees of mastery (from simple to complex). As part of basic training, active learning of judo allows students not only to improve physical qualities and strengthen health, master physical exercises and motor skills, but also to successfully develop mental processes and moral qualities, to form consciousness and thinking, creative approach and independence, etc. Methodology. Judo wrestling refers to sports with extremely complex and varied movement techniques. The following methods were used as components of her technique to organize the research: basic techniques and stances, their modifications, complex technical-tactical actions (combinations and countermeasures), elementary actions (movement, capture, disequilibrium, ground insurance and self-insurance). the following methods were used to organize the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, protocols of judo competitions, pedagogical observation, testing. Scientific novelty. It is aimed at the organization, planning of sportsmanship during performance at competitions of various ranks. Timely analyzed, predicted and simulated competition and training situations will be used for further planning of a balanced training process, regarding optimal loads at different stages of training of judokas of different qualifications to achieve the highest results in judo. Conclusions. The training process should be selected to achieve specific sports goals and results, should take into account the individual characteristics and capabilities of athletes. This approach should help ensure wrestlers have the opportunity to achieve high results and maintain competitiveness at the international level.

Differences in judging judo matches between judges with different qualifications, coaches and players

The conducted research aimed to ascertain disparities in the proficiency of appraising combat scenarios among referees varying in their officiating expertise, coaches, and judo athletes. Ninety individuals partook in the study, comprising international referees, national referees, coaches, and judo athletes. Participants were assigned the task of allotting one of six possible ratings to each presented action and categorizing it into one of the groups. A meticulous analysis reveals certain distinctions as well as resemblances in the evaluations of selected actions among referees, coaches, and athletes. A notable incongruity in the appraisal of actions was noted in the shido penalty, where referees demonstrated the most precise assessments, while coaches and athletes rated them similarly. Substantial differences were identified in the evaluation of the hansoku-make penalty, as the coaches' cohort markedly disagreed with the actions depicted in the video and failed to acknowledge that the demonstrated actions warranted the most severe penalty permissible in judo competitions, namely the disqualification of the athlete during the match. Among the three groups examined, referees exhibited the highest level of accuracy in evaluating judo actions. International referees, in comparison to national referees, demonstrated superior assessment of judo actions, and this discrepancy was statistically significant. International referees more effectively evaluated judo actions such as yuko, waza-ari, shido, ippon, and hansoku-make in comparison to union referees. In one instance, union referees exhibited superior assessment of judo actions, specifically in the case of no score actions.

Relative Age Effect in Judo Competitions: Influence of Age, Weight Category, Sex, and Time Frames

This study was conducted to determine whether the relative age effect (RAE) is present in different age groups, weight categories, sexes, and across different time frames in international-level judo competition. A total of 9451 judo athletes competing at the Olympic Games and/or World Championships in the Cadet, Junior and/or Senior age groups between 1993 and 2020 were considered. Athletes' birthdate distributions were grouped in four quartiles (Q1: January-March; Q2: April-June; Q3: July-September; Q4: October-December) and compared to a day-corrected theoretical distribution using Chi-squared analysis. Poisson regression was also used to evaluate the ability to explain weekly birth count. RAE was more prevalent in males than females (p < .05), and for Cadets and Juniors compared to Seniors (p < .05). Heavyweight and middleweight categories presented RAEs in Senior and Junior males, while for females it was present in Cadet heavyweights (p < .05). RAE was more prevalent in recent years (2009-2021) for Senior male judo athletes (p < .05). Poisson analysis illustrated some nuanced information, including RAE detection during an earlier time frame, not readily apparent with the traditional analysis.

EVALUATION OF DIETARY INTAKE OF ADOLESCENT ATHLETES FROM A JUDO TEAM

Introduction: Judô is a dynamic sport, high intensity and required skills to perfect techniques. Objective:The aim of the present study was assessments the nutritional profile of adolescent judo athletes and compare with recommended in the literature. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study with convenience sample composed by 12 male adolescents with age of 13-18 years, active in judo competition in the last 6 months. The nutritional assessment was realized by the instrument 24h recovery. Was collected 3 interview for obtection of medium consumption. Results: The sample demonstrated the average energy deficit of 1450,95 Kcal, average intake of carbohydrate ingested was 314,04g, that of protein 93,19g and lipids was on average 27.12% of the energy consumed. In Average 57,45% of the athletes was inadequate fiber consumption and 46,57% inadequate calcium. In contrast the iron and zinc was ultra passed in 43,74% and 22,54% respective. Conclusion:The authors highlight the importance of seeking professional nutritionists, able to absorb the individual needs of each team, providing guidance on how should be an ideal diet to maintain health and performance for this age group.

The Olympic Games and Judo Diplomacy: An Exploratory Discussion on Country Image in Tokyo 2020

The purpose of the article is to explore the use of judo for nation branding, public diplomacy, and country image in the postponed Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Judo was founded in Japan in 1882 as a martial art that embodies educational values of peace, respect, and controlling mind and body. Judo made its Olympic debut in Tokyo 1964 and gradually became one of the most internationally diverse sports in the Olympic Games. The study uses theoretical lenses drawn from nation branding, public diplomacy, country image, and related fields. The qualitative research is based on content analysis of press conferences, media guides, and international coverage of the judo competitions held in July 2021 at the Nippon Budokan. Based on three coding rounds of manual thematic analysis, four themes emerged from the data: (a) the sport and the host, (b) universal values, (c) geopolitics, and (d) the individual and the collective. The study is significant as it expands literature and adds value to practitioners on the role of judo, nation branding, public diplomacy, and country image, during a global pandemic and as the Olympic Movement enters a new era.

Gerçek Judo Müsabaka Sonuçlarının Yapay Sinir Ağları Yöntemi Yolu ile Karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışmada, Yapay sinir ağları ile Judo müsabaka sonuçlarının tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapay sinir ağında katman sayıları, nöron sayıları ve optimizasyon yöntemleri (SGD, RMSprop, Adam, Adadelta, Adagrad, Adamax, Nadam) hiperparametleri ile 21 farklı model oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın örneklemini 2017:01-2021:03 tarihleri arasında uluslararası büyükler judo müsabakalarında yarışan 7758 sporcu oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönemde yapılan 53775 judo müsabakasından elde edilen verilerden her sporcuya ait 14 farklı öznitelik hesaplanmıştır. Müsabık iki sporcuya ait öznitelikler sinir ağının giriş katmanına gönderilerek 28 adet girdi verisi 1 adet çıktı verisi oluşturulmuştur. Uygulama, tek gizli katmanında 64 nöron, iki gizli katmanında sırasıyla 32-64 nöron ve üç gizli katmanında sırasıyla 64-128-64 nöron bulunan sinir ağında yedi ayrı optimizasyon yöntemi ile sırasıyla eğitilmiştir. Uygulama sonucunda en başarılı modelin (%78.6 doğruluk, %44.4 hata) tek katmanında 64 nöron, RMSprop optimizasyon yöntemi kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Başarı oranı en düşük modelin (%74.1 doğruluk, %51.8 hata) iki gizli katmanında 32-64 nöron, Adadelta optimizasyon yöntemi kullandığı belirlenmiştir. Optimizasyon yöntemlerinden RMSprop ve Adamax’ın diğer yöntemlere kıyasla daha başarılı olduğu, Adadelta yönteminin ise daha başarısız olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak uygun veri seti ve hiperparametreler kullanılarak Judo müsabaka sonuçlarının yapay sinir ağları ile tahmin edilebileceği ortaya konulmuştur

Weight regain and handgrip strength during official judo competition

Weight regain and handgrip strength during official judo competition

Trăgători și Mistificatori: Contrarevoluția Securității în decembrie 1989

Trăgători și Mistificatori: Contrarevoluția Securității în decembrie 1989

Judo injuries during high-level competitions in Poland

Background: The aim of the study was to collect statistical data on injuries occurring during Polish judo competitions. Epide miological data on the prevalence and anatomical locations of injuries, type of injury, gender of the injured athletes, and causes of injury were collected. Method: Between 2009 and 2016, there were 28 top senior and junior tournaments ( Polish Cups, Polish Open Cups, Polish Championships). The students of the University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, together with the local physician in charge, they filled in the EJU Injury Registration Form. This form registers the judoka’s sex and weight category, anatomical loca tion and the type of injury, the tissue involved, the side of the lesion, and whether the athlete is able to take part in the competition or needs hospitalization. Results: Between 2009-2016, 101 injuries occurred in 2,985 competitors during 28 top-level competitions. It means that 3.4% of all competitors needed medical assistance. Injuries of the knees (16.8%), shoulders (13.8%), and elbows (12.9%) were most common. Sprains (43.6%) were by far the most frequent type of injury, followed by contusions (22.8%). Of all competitors, 0.4% suffered injuries which needed hospitalization. No statistically significant differences in the incidence of individual types of injuries were found between male and female participants. Furthermore, significantly more elbow injuries were noted in women (p&lt;0.01). Conclusion: During the registration period an injury incidence of only 3,4% was registered. An ongoing injury registration can help prevent injuries in judo competitors.

Використання цифрових технологій в суддівстві для коректного виявлення переможця в змаганнях з дзюдо

Purpose: to analyze the impact of the use of digital technology in judging to correctly identify the winner in judo competitions. Material and methods. The following methods were used during the research: theoretical analysis and generalization of literature sources and data of the Internet, analysis of video recording, methods of mathematical statistics. Results: based on the recordings of 42 fights of the final block of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship on video hosting (You Tube), the analysis of the impact of video replays on the referee's decision was conducted to correctly identify the winner in the competition. In 22 bouts of the European Championship and in 24 bouts of the Ukrainian Championship, the referees made decisions that did not require revision or change. In the other 20 fights of the European Championship and in 18 fights of the Ukrainian Championship, video replays were used. A comparison of the average rates of fights in which digital replays were used or not used with the help of digital technologies showed a statistically significant difference in the performance of refereeing at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Judo Championship among juniors (&lt;0,05). Since t (0,051) &lt; tgr (1,98) the analysis of the refereeing of the European Championship and the Ukrainian Junior Judo Championship can be considered statistically significant. As a percentage of the total number of 42 fights, of which 20 fights – 47,6 % of international judges use video replays and 22 fights – 52,3 % of international judges did not use video replays. Analyzing the championship of Ukraine with a total of 42 fights, of which 18 fights – 42,8 % of judges use video replays and 24 fights – 57,1 % of judges did not use video replays. Conclusions. Analysis of existing digital technologies used in judo refereeing has revealed a set of programs that assist in the competition. The use of digital technologies provides an opportunity to improve the quality of refereeing at various ranks of the competition. The percentage of using video views and the percentage without video views at the European Championship and the Ukrainian Championship is almost the same. This speaks to the quality of judging at these events. This is because the refereeing of the final block allows more qualified judges who did not make mistakes during the refereeing or these mistakes were minimal. Keywords: judo, digital technologies, video replays, YouTube, European Championship, Ukrainian Championship, judges.

Current trends in the training of elite judo athletes

Abstract. Studies on the training of elite judo athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic are indispensable, in the context of observing the necessary measures and their influence on the training components to solve the specific demands of competitive activity. Similar research is being conducted in various countries to determine the impact of the pandemic on the training of judo athletes. This research aims to identify the most efficient means and methods of training and assessment in orderto remodel them. The focus is on establishing the main adaptation criteria regarding the way of conducting judo competitions in pandemic conditions, as well as the structure of the fight and its effects on technical, tactical, psychomotor and physical training. Results are statistically processed, interpreted in relation to similar studies and graphically represented. Research participants are elite judo athletes of both genders from different sports clubs, competing in the 2020-2021 Romanian National Judo Championship. The data highlight the characteristics of the fight structure, the actual combat time related to weight divisions, the efficiency of various techniques and the technical and tactical model, the penalties and the relationship with physical training. Determining the effects induced by the new pandemic conditions and training remodelling allow coaches, athletes and methodologists to effectively intervene on the use of material resources, means and methods of training and participation in competition. Conclusions are drawn regarding the characteristics of current competitions and the cause-effect relationship with the selection and training of elite judo athletes in the pandemic context of sports activity.

Assessment of Visual Function and Performance in Paralympic Judo for Athletes with Vision Impairment.

Paralympic judo currently requires all athletes to compete against each other in one class irrespective of their level of vision impairment (VI). Recent evidence suggests that multiple classes are required to enhance fairness, yet it remains unclear how many classes are necessary and what vision tests should be used to define those classes. The aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between vision and performance in judo for individuals with VI. The results were expected to inform the development of evidence-based criteria to structure Paralympic judo competition. The visual function of 53 elite VI judokas was assessed using a test battery that included tests of visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity, light sensitivity, depth perception, motion perception, visual search, and central visual field. Performance was assessed by measuring the ratio of fights won across all competitions the participants took part in in the 2 years before and after vision testing. Pearson correlation coefficients and decision tree analyses were used to determine the relationship between vision and performance. Partial correlations were also conducted to determine the unique ability of each measure of visual function to predict judo performance. Visual acuity was the best predictor of judo performance and remained the only visual function related to performance when controlling for correlations between VA and other visual functions. Decision tree analyses suggested to split athletes into two groups for more legitimate competition, using a cutoff point around 2.6 logMAR. Within each of the two resulting subgroups, no correlations remained between any of the visual functions and performance. The results of this study suggest that VI judo competition should be split into separate categories for partially sighted and functionally blind athletes. The inclusion of visual functions in addition to VA does not improve the ability to predict performance in VI judo.

Characteristics of Technical and Tactical Preparation of Elite Judokas during the World Championships and Olympic Games.

The basis for achieving success in sport is technical preparation supported by adequate level of physical fitness. During judo competitions, athletes use technique to meet tactical objectives aimed to achieve victory. The modification of the rules of combat in judo that has been carried out in recent years has changed the course of competition. It seems to be interesting if there are relations between technical and tactical preparation expressed by means of indices and modification of the course of the fight caused by changes in the rules. The purpose of the paper was to determine the values of technical and tactical preparation of judokas during competition at the elite level. A hundred and twenty bouts during the Olympic Games in London in 2012 as well as 136 bouts fought during the World Championships in Rio de Janeiro in 2013 were analyzed. Verification was performed by calculating indicators of technical and tactical preparation. The results show a significant correlation between the indicators of technical and tactical preparation and the ranking in the general classification of the analyzed competitions. There were no statistically significant correlations between the change of fighting rules and the level of the examined indices of technical and tactical preparation. The results of the study verified the appropriate method of preparation for the competitions analyzed.

Dysfonction des cordes vocales chez le sportif : intérêt du reconditionnement à l’effort

Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD) is a syndrome characterized by paradoxical adduction of the vocal folds during breathing. Its non-specific clinical manifestations frequently lead to misdiagnosis and delay in its treatment. The treatment of VCD is not pharmacological but rehabilitative and remains poorly appreciated. In this clinical case we describe a 16-year-old female judoka who presented with effort intolerance associated with occasional dyspnea, which had suddenly worsened over the preceding few months so that in now produced sudden respiratory difficulty, mainly during intense and sudden efforts. After a period where her symptoms were confused with asthma, she was diagnosed with exercise-induced VCD. Her treatment was aimed to: (a) rehabilitate respiratory mechanics in order to eliminate abdominal-thoracic asynchrony, (b) rehabilitate naso-nasal breathing, (c) train her to control abdominal-diaphragmatic breathing at rest and then during effort, (d) train her to use ventilatory control as soon as prodromal symptoms appear in order to prevent the development of stridor or complete closure of the vocal folds (at rest and then progressively during exercise). Following the implementation of these rehabilitation strategies to correct her ventilatory and dyskinetic issues, the patient no longer develops respiratory discomfort during exercise, including during judo competitions.

Judo mixed team event match outcome and the Judo World Ranking List

The Judo World Ranking List has been used to assess its predictive power regarding athletic performance. The aim of this study was to check if the ranking difference among athletes in the individual rankings could be used as a predictor for the outcome of mixed teams judo competition. We sought to verify the association between the variable “rank difference” and the probability of the higher-ranked athlete winning against that lower-ranked. This heterogeneity between athletes is a major factor in increasing or decreasing the team’s chances of winning. The higher ranked athlete’s defeat seems to have a significant negative effect on his/her teammates in subsequent bouts. These findings imply that future studies on mixed teams judo competitions should consider individual ranking differences among athletes as a predictor of performance.