Fasting in Judo—Between Healthy Weight Control and Health Hazard: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Rapid weight loss strategies and weight cycling (losing and gaining weight repeatedly) are acknowledged problems in sports with weight categories, including judo. Extreme fasting, especially if combined with dehydration and intense physical exercise, may harm health and development, particularly those of children and teenagers engaging in judo competitions. However, there is substantial evidence for positive health effects of other forms of fasting. Here, we aim to provide an updated overview of the potential health risks associated with extreme dietary strategies in judo and contrast them with health-promoting fasting approaches. We conclude that the literature on the long-term health consequences of fasting in judo is scarce. This applies specifically to its potential association with eating disorders. Although many reports have highlighted the short-term risks of rapid weight loss, vulnerability and protection factors remain poorly understood. Rigorous scientific studies are needed to disentangle the factors that render fasting in judo healthy or unhealthy, considering both physical and mental health. We argue that a better understanding of weight management in judo is crucial to preventing health risks and designing healthy weight loss strategies, especially for young athletes.