Judging Criteria Research Articles

Classification and features of single-well flow units in a carbonate reservoir - Taking the NT oil field at the eastern edge of Pre-Caspian Basin as an example

Identifying the carbonate reservoirs has always been a challenge to geological exploration, while reasonable classification of flow units is the bottleneck in this exploitation. While taking the NT oil field at the eastern edge of Pre-Caspian Basin as an example, this paper proposes the classification of flow units into five categories based on previous flow-unit classification theory and actual oilfield features by using the pore throat radius at the mercury injection saturation of 35% as the main judging criterion. In this paper, the features of various flow units have also been analyzed. The type-I flow units, mainly found in dolomite and algal reef limestone reservoirs, have the highest production capacity. Given the existence of corrosion and dolomitization, they are mainly fracture-cave composite reservoirs or fracture pore reservoirs. As far as the type-I flow units are concerned, the flow index is > 1.42 for KT-I stratum and > 1.55 for KT-II stratum. The production capacity and reservoir quality of type-II-IV flow units would decline in turn. The type-V flow units are argillaceous limestone, with a very low production capacity and a flow index being 0.01-0.05 for KT-I and 0.03-0.05 for KT-II.

Analysis of Existence-Judging Criteria for Optimal Power Regions in DMPPT PV Systems

This paper quantitatively evaluates different distributed maximum power point tracking (DMPPT) photovoltaic (PV) systems in mismatch cases. To help designers obtain the full benefits of the DMPPT concept, a general analysis of the optimal power region (OPR) in different DMPPT system configurations is undertaken. Taken into account in the evaluation of OPRs are functional constraints derived from DMPPT converters, mismatch conditions, and system architectures and parameters of related PV units. To simplify the calculation process and enable rapid discovery of OPRs, judging criteria are proposed for 4 DMPPT structures. If the judging criteria are met, DMPPT PV systems can extract ideal maximum power regardless of mismatch issues. Finally, experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed static models, formulas, and judging criteria.

Flirting With the Judges: Bikini Fitness Competitors’ Negotiations of Femininity in Bodybuilding Competitions

Women’s bodybuilding manifestly challenges hegemonic understandings of the female body as weak, fragile, and limited. Because it has acquired characteristics that are traditionally deemed masculine, the muscular woman is thought to be in need of having her femininity “restored”. Perhaps for this reason, in bodybuilding competitions, female competitors are required to display femininity and implied heterosexuality on stage through their attitude, gestures, posing, make-up, hairstyle, and adornments. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of competitors in the Bikini category to understand the ways in which they perceive and negotiate the expectations of idealized femininity within bodybuilding competitions. Semi-structured interviews, supplemented with ethnographic fieldwork, were conducted with nine female bodybuilding competitors. The data gathered indicated the contradictory views that some female bodybuilders hold of female muscularity and of femininity. The participants were able to negotiate the judging criteria, albeit at times reluctantly and with frequent expressions of criticism and disapproval.

Regional cluster analysis of Mainland China based on factors of the reliability of air-conditioning systems

With an aim to minimize the difference of use reliability of air-conditioning systems in different regions, a clustering method for classifying regions based on factors of the reliability of air-conditioning systems is proposed. This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of regional clustering on the basis of analysis and investigation about the regional differences of natural environmental factors and user habit factors that influence the reliability of air-conditioning systems. A judging criterion of refrigeration and heating of air conditioners is set to accurately quantify seven clustering indicators. The Ward method is used to calculate weight coefficients of different distance. The weighted Ward clustering algorithm is used for clustering regions from the perspectives of natural environmental factors and user habit factors, respectively. Two kinds of clustering results are integrated together to obtain the final results by secondary clustering analysis. Finally, the regional clustering of 31 provincial administrative areas in mainland China is presented to verify the applicability and validity of the method proposed in this study. The results of this study might establish the foundation for accurately predicting the use reliability of air-conditioning systems in different regions. It also provides good reference value for the similar study of refrigerators, washing machines, water heaters, solar street lamps, etc.

Structural redundancy of 3D RC frames under seismic excitations

The components of the seismic behavior factor of RC frames are expected to change as structural redundancy increases. Most researches indicate that increasing redundancy is desirable in response to stochastic events such as earthquake loading. The present paper investigated the effect of redundancy on a fixed plan for seismic behavior factor components and the nonlinear behavior of RC frames. The 3D RC moment resistant frames with equal lateral resistance were designed to examine the role of redundancy in earthquake-resistant design and to distinguish it from total overstrength capacity. The seismic behavior factor and dynamic behavior of structures under natural strong ground motions were numerically evaluated as the judging criteria for structural seismic behavior. The results indicate that increasing redundancy alone in a fixed plan cannot be defined as a criterion for improving the structural seismic behavior.

An Answered Prayer.

Through the generosity of Charles R. Millikan, D. Min., vice president for Spiritual Care and Values Integration, an annual award competition was established at Houston Methodist Hospital among the resident staff. To enter the writing competition, residents must submit a poem or essay of 1,000 words or less on the topic, “On Being a Doctor.” A committee of seven was selected from Houston Methodist Hospital Education Institute to establish the judging criteria and select the winning entries. The following is the second-place winning entry for 2016; the third-place winning entry will be published in the December issue.

A judging principle of crucial vibrational transmission paths in plates

This paper developed a judging principle of crucial vibrational transmission path (VTP) in plates. Novel generalized definitions of VTPs are given referred to the meaning of streamlines. And by comparing governing equations, the similarity between energy flow and fluid motion is firstly found so that an analytic method of VTPs in plates is proposed by analogy with fluid motion. Hereafter, the crucial VTP is defined for energy flows at objective points and relative judging criteria is given. Finally, based on two numerical experiments of passive control, the judging principle is indirectly verified by comparing the reduction effects of energy flows at focused points and relative judgment results of crucial VTPs. This paper is meaningful for analyzing and applying the VTPs in plates to guide the control design in future.

Rebound policy in the Paris Agreement: instrument comparison and climate-club revenue offsets

It is argued that without an international climate treaty, or with a soft treaty in the form of voluntary pledges, well-intended local and national climate strategies will seriously rebound in terms of energy use and CO2 emissions. I unravel the complexity of rebound in an international context, for which purpose the distinction between national and international rebound is introduced. The main climate–energy strategies and policies are assessed based on their capacity to control rebound, with carbon pricing – especially cap-and-trade – appearing to be the best approach. It is argued that motivations for further negotiations on amendments to the recent Paris climate agreement, namely on national policy coordination, can be strengthened by rebound concerns. As part of this, a new suggestion is to complement carbon equalization tariffs on carbon-intensive goods imported from countries with weak or non-existent climate policies with ‘revenue-recycling offsets’. These offsets would ease the political way to implementing carbon equalization tariffs, in turn creating pressure on countries to sign an effective climate treaty – a requirement to achieve consistent and serious carbon pricing worldwide. To support these arguments, the empirical patterns of rebound estimates are broadly outlined.Policy relevanceRebound is given scant attention in both IPCC documents and UNFCCC climate summits, where climate agreements are negotiated. This article argues that without an international climate treaty, or with a soft treaty in the form of voluntary pledges, as characterizes the recent Paris climate agreement, well-intended local and national climate strategies will seriously rebound in terms of CO2 emissions. This means that the motivations for climate negotiations can be strengthened by drawing attention to rebound concerns. The major current climate–energy strategies and policies are assessed on the basis of their capacity to control rebound, with carbon pricing – notably cap-and-trade – revealed to be the best approach. Further analysis and discussion of this is welcome, especially as rebound is neglected in the comparisons of carbon tax and emissions trading solutions to global warming. In particular, rebound should be added to the set of core criteria for judging and comparing instruments of climate policy. In addition, a new suggestion offered is to complement a climate club with carbon equalization tariffs on carbon-intensive goods imported from countries lacking strong climate policy with ‘revenue-recycling offsets’. This would make the implementation of such tariffs more politically feasible as well as creating pressure on countries to sign an effective climate treaty.

Actuator fault diagnosis of autonomous underwater vehicle based on improved Elman neural network

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) work in a complex marine environment. Its system reliability and autonomous fault diagnosis are particularly important and can provide the basis for underwater vehicles to take corresponding security policy in a failure. Aiming at the characteristics of the underwater vehicle which has uncertain system and modeling difficulty, an improved Elman neural network is introduced which is applied to the underwater vehicle motion modeling. Through designing self-feedback connection with fixed gain in the unit connection as well as increasing the feedback of the output layer node, improved Elman network has faster convergence speed and generalization ability. This method for high-order nonlinear system has stronger identification ability. Firstly, the residual is calculated by comparing the output of the underwater vehicle model (estimation in the motion state) with the actual measured values. Secondly, characteristics of the residual are analyzed on the basis of fault judging criteria. Finally, actuator fault diagnosis of the autonomous underwater vehicle is carried out. The results of the simulation experiment show that the method is effective.

PROFILE OF CNPq RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY FELLOWS IN SUBFIELDS OF CHEMISTRY

The profile analysis of CNPq Research Productivity Fellows (PQ) in the four subfields of chemistry and in their respective specialties highlighted particularities with regard to the indicators related to the judging criteria established by the Chemistry Advisory Committee. The curricula of all 727 PQ fellows with active grants in 15/03/2013 were analyzed spanning the past10 years (2003-2013). Out of all PQ-1 fellows, researchers in the subfield of Organic Chemistry had the highest median number of articles published per year. The subfield of Analytical Chemistry qualifies a higher number of postgraduate level students in comparison to other Chemistry subfields. Furthermore, this subfield had the highest average Hirsch index among PQ-1A and PQ-1B fellows. On the other hand, Inorganic Chemistry had the highest average number of patent applications per researcher, while Physical Chemistry had the specialties with the highest citation rates per paper and the highest average impact factors per journal. In all subfields, women made up a low proportion, especially at the highest levels of PQ fellowships. Although quantitative differences in scientific output were observed among the subfields, qualitative evaluation of science output was not carried out.

Effect of Altitude and Maturity Stages on Quality Attributes of Mandarin (<i>Citrus reticulata</i> Blanco)

Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a premier fruit crop which ranks in first position of the total fruit industry in Nepal. Studies were conducted to assess the maturity indices and quality parameters of mandarin at three altitudes i.e. 1300 m·asl, 1000 m·asl, and 700 m·asl with six maturity stages i.e. 11 Oct, 21 Oct, 31 Oct, 10 Nov, 20 Nov, and 30 Nov. The most important and reliable judging criteria of fruit maturity in mandarin i.e. fruit weight, external fruit colour, firmness, TSS, acidity, and TSS/Acid ratio, and vitamin C were experimented. The experiment results revealed that 1000 m·asl location was showed the highest fruit weight (104.9 g) and juice percentage (55.23) followed by 1300 m·asl altitude (99.5 g and 53.75% respectively) at 20th of November. The maturity advanced at lower altitude with 50 percent yellow orange rind colour, 10.98 TSS/acid ratio and 4 kg/cm2 firmness from 10th November at lower altitudes whereas it was appeared in 20th November at higher altitudes. The TSS/acid ratio was significantly higher (10.98) in the fruits of 700 m·asl as compared to 1300 m·asl (9.76) on 10th November, however, on 20th November 1300 m·asl showed the highest ratio (17.76). The fruit weight, juice content, TSS was found in increasing trends up to 20 November and then showed constant and decreasing trend. However, TA, firmness and vitamin C were showed in decreasing trends with time. The 1000 - 1300 m·asl was the best location for the mandarin production and 10-20 November was the best period for the mandarin harvesting for optimum maturity.

ENGLISH

Digital multipliers are among the most arithmetic functional units in many applications, such as Fourier transform, discrete cosine transforms, and digital filtering. These applications depends on multipliers, if the multipliers are slow, the performance of entire circuits will be reduced. The proposed aging-aware multiplier design is implemented with a novel adaptive hold logic (AHL) circuit. The multiplier is based on variable-latency technique and adjust the AHL circuit to achieve reliable operation using NBTI and PBTI effects The AHL circuit can decide the input patterns require one or two cycles to adjust the judging criteria to ensure the minimum performance degradation after considerable aging occurs. Comprehensive analysis and comparison of the multipliers performance under different cycle periods to show the effectiveness of our proposed architecture. The performance in 16- and 32-bit multipliers, can be easily extended to large designs. It can provide reliable operations even after the aging effect occurs. The Razor flip-flops detect the timing violations and re-execute the operations using two cycles. The architecture will adjust the percentage of one-cycle patterns to minimize performance degradation due to the aging effect. When the circuit is aged, and many errors occur, the AHL circuit uses the second judging block to decide if an input is one or two cycles. The multiplier is adjust the AHL to mitigate performance degradation due to increase delay.

Precise Time-Domain Expanding BEM for Solving Non-Fourier Heat Conduction Problems

The precise time-domain expanding boundary-element method (BEM) is presented for solving non-Fourier heat conduction problems. The recursive boundary integral equation is obtained via the precise time-domain expanding method and solved by the BEM, where the radial integral method is used to transform the domain integral into the boundary integral. Also, a self-adaptive judging criterion is used in the solving process. The transformation matrices of domain integrals need to be computed only once, except those related to the heat source. Finally, numerical results show that the present method can obtain stable and accurate results with different time steps.

Automatic Contrast Enhancement Technology With Saliency Preservation

In this paper, we investigate the problem of image contrast enhancement. Most existing relevant technologies often suffer from the drawback of excessive enhancement, thereby introducing noise/artifacts and changing visual attention regions. One frequently used solution is manual parameter tuning, which is, however, impractical for most applications since it is labor intensive and time consuming. In this research, we find that saliency preservation can help produce appropriately enhanced images, i.e., improved contrast without annoying artifacts. We therefore design an automatic contrast enhancement technology with a complete histogram modification framework and an automatic parameter selector. This framework combines the original image, its histogram equalized product, and its visually pleasing version created by a sigmoid transfer function that was developed in our recent work. Then, a visual quality judging criterion is developed based on the concept of saliency preservation, which assists the automatic parameters selection, and finally properly enhanced image can be generated accordingly. We test the proposed scheme on Kodak and Video Quality Experts Group databases, and compare with the classical histogram equalization technique and its variations as well as state-of-the-art contrast enhancement approaches. The experimental results demonstrate that our technique has superior saliency preservation ability and outstanding enhancement effect.

The Analysis of Residents’ Judging Criteria in China-Korea Tax Treaty

The Analysis of Residents’ Judging Criteria in China-Korea Tax Treaty

Absence of population asymmetry in the American Quarter Horse (Equus ferus caballus) performing skilled left and right manoeuvres in reining competition

Use of the right hand by humans for speech-related hand gestures, writing and throwing exemplifies motoric asymmetry. There are reports of asymmetry in many other animal species, including reports of left preference in emotional responsivity, spontaneous behaviour and the trained performance of the horse, Equus ferus caballus. The present study used the novel approach of using judges' scores to examine asymmetry in an equestrian event. The study analysed the scores of five judges evaluating the reining performance of 482, three-year-old American Quarter Horses competing in a major competition. Reining requires that the horses perform the manoeuvres of spin, circle and stop directed to either the left or right and symmetrical performance is featured in the judging criteria. The scores were sensitive to performance level, sex and manoeuvre, but there was no evidence of a population asymmetry in the left vs. right direction of the manoeuvres. The results are discussed in relation to need of using a large number of subjects in measuring asymmetry, the expression of individual vs. population asymmetry as a function of morphological and behavioural measures, and the influence of behavioural training on asymmetry.

An Overview of Micro-Grid Control Strategy Research

This paper introduced the understanding of the concept of smart micro-grid in domestic and international authority. It pointed out that micro-grid was an effective form to achieve active power distribution in intelligent grid and an important part of the intelligent grid. It summarized and discussed the theory of intelligent micro-grid control. [1]It divided control strategy into the follow of grid control strategy and the formation of grid control strategy. Each class contains an interactive and non-interactive control idea at the same time. It has given a clear definition and criteria for judging and proposed future direction of the intelligent micro-grid control strategy.

Quick prediction of the folding defect in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of titanium alloy large-scale rib-web component based on folding index

Forming quality of transitional region determines the performance of titanium alloy large-scale rib-web component under isothermal local loading forming. As folding defect is the most sensitive defect in transitional region, its prediction is very critical to the precision shape forming in isothermal local loading forming. In this paper, a quick prediction model for the folding defect in transitional region was established to replace the traditional defect prediction method by time-consuming FE simulation. First of all, the FE model of local eigen model of transitional region during local loading forming of large-scale rib-web component was established and validated by physical experiment. Then, an adaptive folding index was proposed to measure the possibility and severity of folding defect based on the mechanism that there exists a local increase of strain rate when a folding tends to appear. Availability of the adaptive folding index was checked by large numbers of uniform experiments designed by the space-filling Maximin Latin hypercube designs (maximin LHDs). Furthermore, a judging criterion for folding defect based on the folding index was developed and validated by random samples. Subsequently, the folding index was correlated with the geometrical characteristic parameters of transitional region model by RSM model, through which the folding index can be predicted quickly without the time-consuming FE simulation. Finally, a quick prediction model was established for folding defect judgment under various geometrical parameters by combination of the RSM model for folding index and proposed judging criterion. Prediction results are quite consistent with the results of FE simulation and experiment. The folding prediction model can greatly facilitate the design space exploration and engineering design thereby providing guideline to the precision shape forming. Besides, the adaptive folding index and corresponding judging criteria for folding defect put forward in this work have reference significance to the study on folding defect in other forging processes.

Los anatomistas de la colonia

El período colonial de la Medicina Peruana que imitando, con más voluntad que fortuna, a Unanue, Ulloa, Patrón y otros he pretendido poner en evidencia ante nuestros contemporáneos, ha permanecido tan extraño a nuestra cultura histórica y tan oculto a las curiosidades tibias de los unos y a las tímidas investigaciones de los otros, que no debe extrañarnos la dolorosa unanimidad con la cual aceptamos aún hoy, juzgando con igual criterio injusto, las desautorizadas adjetivaciones de CAVIEDES y las declaraciones, un tanto apasionadas, de informadores extranjeros, como BOTTONI y PETlT. Es indudable que una ignorancia muy grande caracterizaba, en pleno siglo XVIII, al cuerpo médico del virreinato, y ningún hecho más lógico que esa ignorancia, si se recuerda, antes de calificarla duramente, las condiciones en las cuales se formaron los médicos y cirujanos peruanos : la falta de un centro de enseñanza y de maestros preparados para realizarla y aún el egoísmo de prácticos mediocres que, engreídos por triunfos baratos en la práctica civil, contemplando en cada discípulo un probable rival, quizá no caracterizaron sus enseñanzas por la lealtad que debe inspirar toda trasmisión de conocimientos.

Research on Image Segmentation Technology with Tissue Section Cell Segmentation Algorithm

Generally, the effect of cell image that segmented via the threshold value method is not ideal generally; the found cell boundary cannot conform to the cell edge in the original picture well. In this paper, the threshold value segmentation method is improved; apply the judging criterion of gray level difference maximum interval to be the minimum, and conduct secondary treating on the image, and the image’s segmentation effect is more ideal.