End Of Journey Research Articles

Encountering Ellis Island: how European immigrants entered America

America is famously known as a nation of immigrants. Millions of Europeans journeyed to the United States in the peak years of 1892-1924, and Ellis Island, New York, is where the great majority landed. Ellis Island opened in 1892 with the goal of placing immigration under the control of the federal government and systematizing the entry process. Encountering Ellis Island introduces readers to the ways in which the principal nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American portal for Europeans worked in practice, with some comparison to Angel Island, the main entry point for Asian immigrants. What happened along the journey? How did the processing of so many people work? What were the reactions of the newly arrived to the process (and threats) of inspection, delays, hospitalization, detention, and deportation? How did immigration officials attempt to protect the country from diseased or unfit newcomers, and how did these definitions take shape and change? What happened to people who failed screening? And how, at the journey's end, did immigrants respond to admission to their new homeland? Ronald H. Bayor, a senior scholar in immigrant and urban studies, gives voice to both immigrants and Island workers to offer perspectives on the human experience and institutional imperatives associated with the arrival experience. Drawing on firsthand accounts from, and interviews with, immigrants, doctors, inspectors, aid workers, and interpreters, Bayor paints a vivid and sometimes troubling portrait of the immigration process. In reality, Ellis Island had many liabilities as well as assets. Corruption was rife. Immigrants with medical issues occasionally faced a hostile staff. Some families, on the other hand, reunited in great joy and found relief at their journey's end. Encountering Ellis Island lays bare the profound and sometimes-victorious story of people chasing the American Dream: leaving everything behind, facing a new language and a new culture, and starting a new American life.

Philosophical Progression, Causality, and the “Principles” of Dante’s Commedia

This article focuses on the external features of Dante’s epistemology (i.e., objects of knowledge) as they materialize in the Commedia through the Scholastic notion of principles, understood as “beginnings”or “sources” (rather than more narrowly as “fundamental truths”). While causal knowledge appears throughout Dante’s poem, I show how each canticle significantly culminates in thematic beginnings: Lucifer for the Inferno, Earthly Paradise for the Purgatorio, and God for the Paradiso. By embedding these historic beginnings into the conclusions of each canticle, the poet is able to highlight the pilgrim’s philosophical progression conceived as an epistemological movement toward principles which parallels the protagonist’s metaphysical advancement toward the First Principle. As the physical and metaphysical journey ends with God as the Supreme Being, this similar development applies to the philosophical journey concluding with God as Truth.

The amazing properties of crystalline color superconductors

This paper is a brief journey into the amazing realm of crystalline color superconductors. Starting from a qualitative description of superfluids, superconductors and supersolids, we show how inhomogeneous phases may arise when the system is under stress. These basic concepts are then extended to quark matter, in which a richer variety of phases can be realized. The most interesting properties of the crystalline color superconductors are presented. This brief journey ends with a discussion of crystalline color superconductors in compact stars and related astrophysical observables. We aim at providing a pedagogical introduction for nonexpert in the field to a few interesting properties of crystalline color superconductors, without discussing the methods and the technicalities. Thus, the results are presented without a proof. However, we try to give a qualitatively clear description of the main concepts, using standard quantum field theory and analogies with condensed matter systems.

Social Work, Religion, and Palliative Care

The profession of social work has deep roots in organized religion. While courses on spirituality have recently been on the curriculum in some schools of social work, religion is not incorporated into social work programs. In spite of a decline in church attendance in Canada, religion continues to be a salient force in the lives of many people particularly when they are nearing the end of life. Social workers working in palliative care need to be knowledgeable of religion and have sensitivity to religious practices. This requires a familiarity with religious language and skills in supporting people who look to religion for answers to the meaning and purpose in their lives and their deaths. It is frequently in times of crisis and uncertainty that people’s faith becomes central. Social workers need the skills to support them on the end of life journey.

Cargo cult

Journey's end.

End of journey, end of story? A longitudinal study of involuntary work transitions among laid-off workers

The purpose of this study is to increase knowledge regarding involuntary work transitions among laid-off workers. It is part of an ongoing cooperation with two outplacement agencies enrolling white-collar workers. The particular arrangements, which are based on collective agreements, include relatively generous support, both economically and regarding the educational and counselling arrangements offered. A narrative research approach is used and the analysis is based on interviews with 15 people, conducted on two occasions with about a year in between. Conceptualizing the transition as a biographical learning process, the findings point out a great variety within and between cases. While the basic distinction is drawn between people who have changed their status and those who have not, a number of rhetorical varieties are identified, pointing to different modes of biographical learning. The originality of the paper lies in its narrative approach and the particular conceptual framework showing that biographical learning is a vital part of enforced work transitions.

CWM Perspective on Missional Congregations as Life-Affirming Communities

The Council for World Mission (CWM) describes itself as a partnership of churches in mission. Its 31 member churches around the world work collaboratively, sharing resources of people, money, and ideas, and understanding themselves to be partners together in God's mission. Our common life takes shape around our vision--fullness of life through Christ for all creation--and our mission statement: Called to partnership in Christ to mutually challenge, encourage and equip churches to share in God's mission. Enabling members to develop missional congregations has been identified as the central focus of CWM's current strategy. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The strategy, which is drawn as a diagram to convey the dynamic relationship among the various parts, seeks to promote the idea that all the key elements should both inform and be informed by each other. Furthermore, CWM, as a global partnership of churches in mission, seeks to acknowledge in its strategy the influence of our external environment, and more importantly how we should be seeking to witness to the wider world based on our accumulated experience of working with our members to develop missional congregations, or what we are now describing as life-affirming communities. As such it builds on CWM's theology statement (2010), Mission in the Context of Empire, in which we set out our understanding of our calling today: naming our context as Empire; describing our approach (and alternative paradigm) as partnership; and setting out our vision of fullness of life through Christ for all creation. (1) Our focus on enabling our members to develop missional congregations does not stand apart from the other elements; rather it is the touchstone of all our efforts. If the congregations we all serve and support are not missional, then how can we describe ourselves as partners in God's mission? Our congregations, the local churches to which we all belong, stand at the interface between the celebration and nurturing of our faith and our witness to the world. At the end of worship each Sunday in the benediction, we are commissioned to be apostles, bearers of good news to the communities we call home. So let us go to the world again in confidence; playing our part in God's mission and never losing heart. Let us put our faith in Jesus, our companion traveller, who will match his stride to ours until our journey's end. And the blessing ... So important is this element to our strategy that we have been engaging our members on it from the very outset, developing a programme that is focused on congregations and how they can be assisted to assess what it would mean to be engaged in mission--that is, to be life-affirming in their context--and supported as they develop the capacities and responses that their situation calls for. As part of this we have been drawing on the new WCC statement Together Towards Life: Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes, as well as our own theology statement, Mission in the Context of Empire (2010). Both speak of the need to understand the nature of mission as embedded and transformative, that is, that mission should proclaim and offer fullness of life that speaks to people's life experiences. This is to go beyond simple contextual understandings of mission, to challenge us to see mission as the practical outworking of our faith, so that it is rooted (takes shape) in our communities and grows from there, engaging and transforming the challenges we face and gradually realizing the fullness of life that God promises. To this end we have developed a working definition of a missional congregation as a life-affirming community, drawing on the work of our members as they have explored this theme over the last couple of years: A life-affirming community-- * Lives a spirituality of engagement, which is reflected in its worship, and in the nurture and support of its members; * Is attuned to the communities in which it is set and alert to the needs of the world, so that it is willing to stand alongside and speak out with those who are suffering or are marginalised; * Does not work alone, being in active partnership with other groups who share similar concerns; * Is a learning community, with its members taking seriously their re-reading of the Bible and their reflection on their experience, both as individuals and as a community. …

Thomas Wolfe and Eugene O'Neill

Thomas Wolfe and Eugene O'Neill

The End of a Journey and Beginning of a Legacy

The End of a Journey and Beginning of a Legacy

One journey ends but another continues

One journey ends but another continues

“NO ONE WANDERS UNPUNISHED”: Revisiting and

The AuthorStories of the trilogy's author have been told with increasing accuracy and subtlety over recent years, thanks largely to the historicizing, archival turn in Beckett scholarship, which is currently coinciding with the publication of Beckett's selected letters. If Molloy, Malone meurt / Malone Dies and L'Innommable / The Unnamable might be considered to be the central novels, both literally and figuratively, of Beckett's oeuvre, then one question to be asked is the following: is it not perhaps a little strange that, albeit with significant caveats, these novels do not figure as centrally in the criticism of recent years as their positions of esteem might lead us to expect? This is one way of asking 'why now,' that is by posing these novels as a challenge to contemporary scholarship, a challenge which implies a 'whither now'; a selfreflection enabling a look towards the future. Discussions are already taking place in which current - and by implication future - scholarship on Beckett might be queried and shifted. Conferences in Australia in 2012 and Canada in 2013 have sought to cross the divides which have typically separated methodological schools from one another; to show to the historicists that philosophically-informed modes of reading can themselves be historical, for example, and to show to the theorists that retrieving material from archives might then inform how the works can be read anew. In Sydney the attempt was made to look 'Beyond Historicism,' a beyond which uses contemporary critical-theoretical and philosophical tools, in a conference that also sought to place Molloy, Malone meurt / Malone Dies and L'Innommable / The Unnamable as central to such a debate. In Halifax the 'Samuel Beckett: Form and History' conference was interested in how historical analysis might address the formal complexities of Beckett's work. The editors of and contributors to the current volume are, therefore, far from being the only scholars addressing questions of Beckett's major middle-period novels in the context of the broader critical reception of these works.The long-running project to publish selections of Beckett's correspondence has recently released letters from 1941 to 1956. While these are also years of so much more (the War, burgeoning fame via the turn to drama and Godot and dialogues with Georges Duthuit), they are also the years of Molloy, Malone meurt / Malone Dies and L'Innommable / The Unnamable. Much, therefore, surely remains to be said these novels, particularly of their geneses and reception, even if many of the letters which mention these novels serve to fill out what are familiar ideas of Beckett's creative exhaustion at the end of this prosaic journey. For example, in April 1951 he informed Jerome Lindon that for good or ill it was L'Innommable he was most attached to, that he was trying to write something new to get out of that novel's shadow, explaining quoi'qu'il m'ait mis dans de sales draps. J'essaie de m'en sortir. Mais je ne m'en sors pas (it has left me in a sorry state. I'm trying to get over it. But I am not getting over it; 10 April 1951, 2011, 234). The following year he told Aidan Higgins that this same novel seems the end of the jaunt as far as I am concerned, there being nobody left to utter and, independently perhaps, certainly superfluously, nothing left to utter about (8 February 1951; 2011, 319). However, even while noting that it is endings and exhaustions Beckett often focuses upon when discussing these novels, it is also worth bringing up the other bucket in this well. With a few more years distance between him and the novels Beckett would remember something more positive when writing to Barbara Bray in 1958, while thanking her for help with corrections to The Unnamable's translation:I am very touched by what you say of the U. I wish I could think it is important as you say, but of course I can't. I am in acute crisis my work (on the lines familiar to you by now) and have decided that I not merely can't but won't go on as I have been going more or less ever since the Textes pour Rien and must either get back to nothing again and the bottom of all the hills again like before Molloy or else call it a day. …

Semiotics of cartographic discourse: Analysis of the 1613 map of Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Reading of a map is defined by two different ways of looking: firstly a synoptic gaze grasps the totality of a map, then it locates itself in some particular place and begins to travel – follows linear elements that invite and lead the eye. The reading direction is identified according to fragmentation, topology, framing, central places and layering of the elements. Thus a semiotic approach to a cartographic discourse should begin with an analysis of the plastic level. The reading direction on the 1613 map of Grand Duchy of Lithuania can be identified to start in the corner of the Baltic Sea. The route chosen denies new borders of the country and restores the old boundaries. The subject is motivated by modalities of having to do (figuratively represented by the wind) and wanting (figuratively – rivers). The former is replaced with the latter by establishing the contract between the subject and the sender. The journey ends in the territory of the Black sea, near the mouth of the Bug river – an utopian space related to the cosmic plane and historical past of Lithuania.By following the itinerary the subject passes from one space to another, he crosses forbidden borders. The shift through the border of the semantic field is qualified as an event – unit of plot construction (according to Lotman). By implementing the narrative program the subject negates the order of the plotless text; his movement forms the plot – the narrative. The spatial organization of a cartographic discourse is defined by its conceptual and visual aspects. The former is being related to the nature of space (being): the mapped milieu is usually reduced to a network of points, the distance between points is desemantized. When the being is combined with the appearing the mapped space matches a schema: a territory is seen from above, nothing is hidden, but only relevant elements appear in this view, the space between them is empty. In the map analyzed this scheme is implemented in the depiction of the Black Sea. An orthogonal depiction is related to operation of disengagement, whereas perspective view signifies the opposite. Some elements of the map are represented in perspective, although the space encoded in these representations belongs to the network regime. The space between the points in these depictions is not only desemantized, but also eliminated. The network is so dense that it looks like a tissue. These depictions (city views in the map) can be called perspective maps. The narrative program implements a shift from the space of tissue (the Baltic Sea is represented in mimetic manner) to the space of network (the Black Sea). These opposite terms are linked by the medium term of perspective map, a dense tissue (city views). The performance of the subject is associated with the orthogonal view – this witnesses the authority and value of cartographic discourse.The analysis of the written description of Lithuania appended to the map reveals that a written text can produce a cartographic effect as well. By simulating a synoptic and traveling gaze and devaluing the top category (i.e. – projecting described view onto the surface) it competes with the map and even attempts to transform its meaning.

Dick Humbird and the Devil Wagon of Doom Cars, Carnivores, and Feminine Carnality inThis Side of Paradise

Dick Humbird and the Devil Wagon of Doom Cars, Carnivores, and Feminine Carnality in<i>This Side of Paradise</i>

The end of my journey

The end of my journey

The third paradigm in labour pain preparation and management: the childbearing woman's paradigm

Women's experiences regarding labour pain preparation and management have been largely neglected. Explore women's experiences regarding labour pain preparation and management in normal childbirth. The Vancouver School of doing phenomenology was the methodological approach of the study since it provides inside information about the lived experience. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 14 participants; seven primiparous and seven multiparous women. The women described a challenging journey of no return through labour pain, with different landmarks on the journey. They described how they prepared for the pain; the context of the pain experience; how they experienced and managed the pain with different strategies and how they saw the pain at the journey's end. The quality of the midwife's presence and professionalism was of great importance to them. The 'good midwives' they described created a special atmosphere which was warm and secure and was conducive to their managing the pain. The women also described how important it was for them to have a supportive partner, with whom they had a mutual understanding, in order to manage the pain. In this paper, we are presenting a study within the third paradigm in labour pain preparation and management: the childbearing woman's paradigm - the first and second being the midwifery and the medical paradigm, respectively. Midwives can play a major role in working with women in their preparation and management of labour pain. In the future, more research has to be done to illuminate this essential part of the childbearing woman's paradigm.

Polysemy of the Other: Endō Shūsaku’s Encounter with the West

The paper discusses the polysemy of the categories of otherness and the Other in selected works of a Japanese contemporary writer, Endō Shūsaku (1923-1996). These categories, situated within Paul Ricœur’s interpretative framework differentiate three figures of otherness recognizable in Endō’s texts: the physical otherness (termed by Endō as “white man” versus “yellow man”); the notion of the Other as the interlocutor on the level of the cross-cultural discourse; and the third figure of otherness, termed by Ricœur the “otherness of conscience”, that brings identity into question. This paper explores the significance of these categories in Endō’s writing in two consecutive stages. First, in the writer’s encounter with French literature and thought, and later by a transformed and expanded form of otherness found within his fictional works, particularly in his last novel, Deep River. Based on Endō’s literary experience of encounters, exchanges and transformations, I argue that for Endō otherness is an important device in understanding of the self. Thus, the writer’s approach to otherness echoes Ricœur’s words: “the self could return home only at the end of long journey. And it is ‘as another’ that the self returned.”

End-of-Life Nursing CareEnd-of-Life Nursing Care

THE AUTHORS have extensive experience in palliative and end of life care and bring it to this inspiring book; they set out a clear process through the end of life care journey and use excellent case studies throughout.

Information Technology: Gateway to Direct Democracy in China and the World

The world watches as China moves towards greater democracy. The question in everyone's minds, including Chinese themselves, is “what model will China arrive at, at the journey's end?” There are many lessons to be learnt from other countries, some positive (Tanzania) and some negative (Laos). The United States has no doubts about the “goodness” of its own model but their unthinking belief in the superiority of their model should not be accepted at face value. The Chinese government and people will understandably be considering various different models very carefully, so that they can choose the best possible model for their country, and their own context. In this paper we will consider why current Western models of constitution should be viewed with caution by China as it attempts to move towards an improved socialist democracy. The paper considers the electronic voting system used in the US presidential elections, and draws attention to the opportunities for vote rigging that this type of electronic voting facilitates. It also looks at models of democracy used in the ancient world, and compares these with modern systems. Finally, it presents a secure and anonymous mechanism for electronic voting on issues of concern to the population. We conclude by sounding a note of caution about the dangers of plebiscites being used as rubber stamps by dictators if there are inadequate controls over who puts issues to the vote.

English as she is Spoke: The First British Talkies

English as she is Spoke: The First British Talkies

Advances in the management of the surgical complications for congenital cataract

The greatest concern in children with cataracts is irreversible visual loss. The timing of congenital cataract surgery is critical for the visual rehabilitation. Cataract surgery in children remains complex and challenging. The incidence of complications during or after operation is higher in children than adults. Some complications could be avoided by meticulous attention to surgical technique and postoperative care, and others were caused by more exuberant inflammatory response associated with surgery on an immature eye or the intrinsic eyes abnormalities. Utilizing of advanced techniques and timely applying topical corticosteroids and cycloplegic agents can reduce the occurrence of visual axis opacification. Operation on children with strabismus or nystagmus, and applying occlusion therapy on amblyopic eyes can balance the visual inputs to the two eyes. Diagnosis of glaucoma following congenital cataract surgery requires lifelong surveillance and continuous assessment of the problem. So cataract surgeries in children are not the end of journey, but one step on the long road to visual rehabilitation. This paper describes recent evidence from the literature regarding the advance of management after congenital cataract surgery.