Journalism Media Research Articles

Journalism as Multichannel Communication

The use of social media reinforces the change in journalism from a single-channel activity to multichannel communications. News organizations and journalists must learn to simultaneously operate several social media channels. Furthermore, social media is multi-functional and applicable in all phases of news production and distribution. Taken together, journalism is reaching a higher level of complexity. This study’s main objective is to systematize the multiple uses of social media in journalism and explore related newsroom strategies. To this end, we surveyed editors-in-chief of German internet newsrooms (n = 105, response rate: 70 per cent) about social media use in their newsrooms. We systematically distinguished five general dimensions, with 24 specific uses of social media in journalism. The results show that Facebook and Twitter serve multiple journalistic purposes. In contrast, blogs and YouTube are more specialized tools. We conducted a cluster analysis to explore if and how these patterns vary by different strategic approaches in organizing social media use in newsrooms. While the overall pattern remains stable, more experienced and strategy-oriented newsrooms use Twitter notably more often for various tasks.

Sourcing the Sources

Social media today are playing a more important role as a news source than ever before. Yet, there have been no longitudinal studies on journalists’ sourcing practices in recent years that allow us to consider the mechanisms of innovation diffusion. Comparative studies of different social platforms in different media systems are just as rare. We therefore examine the use of Facebook and Twitter as journalistic sources in newspapers of three countries. A main finding is that, after a period of stagnation at the beginning of this decade, the use of social media sources has resurged massively in recent years. The patterns of this second rise of social media in journalism are almost identical in the analyzed newspapers. A comparison of the platforms has shown that Twitter is more commonly used as a news source than Facebook. Compared to Facebook, Twitter is primarily used as an elite channel. An unsupervised topic clustering approach (LDA) also revealed that the issues on which social media are sourced and the quantities of social media references are similar in The New York Times and The Guardian. In Süddeutsche Zeitung, however, journalists source social media considerably less, and in different thematic contexts.

Social Media and U.S. Journalists

This study, based on a representative online survey of 1080 US journalists conducted in 2013, analyses the demographic and organizational predictors of how journalists use social media and how they evaluate the impact of these media on their professional norms and values. The findings indicate that 9 of 10 US journalists regularly use social media in their work—but mainly to check on what other news organizations are doing and to look for breaking news events. The most frequent users of social media are younger journalists with higher incomes who work for television, radio, or online news organizations. The findings also indicate that journalists who hold more positive attitudes toward the use of social media in journalism, and those who think that social media are more important in their jobs, tend to be more supportive of the populist-mobilizer and the disseminator roles of journalism.

REPRESENTAÇÕES DISCURSIVAS DA ESCOLA DEMOCRÁTICA DO DF NA MÍDIA JORNALÍSTICA

RESUMO Neste artigo, tratamos da accountability horizontal, da accountability societal vertical, da representação e da intertextualidade a fim de analisar as representações discursivas da escola democrática, da qualidade da democracia (DIAMOND; MORLINO, 2005; O’DONNEL, 1998) e da violência (MINAYO, 2006, 2009) que reproduzem relações de dominação e de exploração (FAIRCLOUGH, 2003). Esse estudo demonstra como os efeitos potenciais de sentido que a mídia jornalística transmite, no gênero reportagem, legitimam relações sociais hegemônicas. A análise linguística dos textos verbais, não verbais e multimodais da reportagem do portal de notícias Metrópoles sobre escolas públicas do Distrito Federal focou a seleção lexical de textos verbais, o enfoque multimodal e as metáforas utilizadas com base na Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003, 2006) e na Teoria da Semiótica Social da Multimodalidade (TSSM) (KRESS; VAN LEEUWEN, 2001, 2006 [1996]; KRESS, 2010). Nesta pesquisa, evidenciou-se que o jornalista legitimou relações sociais hegemônicas, apesar de demonstrar alto comprometimento com a identidade social criada para o Governo do Distrito Federal por meio das metáforas que utilizou e da seleção lexical que fez dos relatos dessas autoridades.

Political Education in University of Economics: Challenges and Prospects

The article discusses present day problems of training politologists and sociologists in university of economics. It shows a multi-level structure of political education in the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics and analyzed typical academic and education objectives. Specific features of education technologies used in the teaching process are identified. They are political information, project workshops, joint preparation of articles, participation of students in work of research clubs, their involvement in research activity, introduction during the 1-st year of practically oriented subjects, application of case studies and games. The authors for the first time identified the correlation between the three principle types of final qualification papers prepared by students- politologists and students –sociologists, i.e. explanatory, empiric and project ones. The article shows a specific role of programs of further education, such as ‘Multi- Media Journalism’ and ‘Conflictology’ in training of highly- qualified specialists. It demonstrates potential prospects of developing political education in university of economics and puts forward recommendations aimed at developing political education at the level of bachelor, master and PhD courses and further education. The authors come to the conclusion that political education in the Russian Plekhanov University of Economics is at the stage of active development. They underline that introduction of new education technologies could provide an opportunity for graduates politologists and sociologists to learn how to function rationally in political and economic sphere.

Journalism Ethics, Attitude on New Media Journalism and the New Media Readers

This study looks at the social media behaviour of the new media journalism readers in Malaysia for Siakap Keli (SK) and Free Malaysia Today (FMT). The objectives are to (1) identify the level of knowledge on journalism ethics, attitude, and the social media behaviour; (2) investigate the relationship between social media behavior and the journalism ethics knowledge of readers; and (3) to investigate the relationship between social media behavior and the attitude of the Malaysian readers towards the local online news media. Methodology: This study employs quantitative research design using the online survey technique. A total of 397 respondents (210 SK and 187 FMT) were collected from the likers/followers of SK and FMT Facebook accounts. Result: The study found that FMT readers have higher level of journalism ethics knowledge, better attitude towards new media journalism and better involvement in their social media behavior than the readers of SK. In addition, the relationship between knowledge on journalism ethics, attitude and social behavior are statistically significant for both websites. However, the result show that there are slight level differences between the two news websites. Contributions: Theoretically, the study contributes to the field of ethics on new media journalism based on the readers’ perspective rather than the usual research done on the journalistic practitioners’ perspective specifically in the Malaysian settings.

#Trending: A Reevaluation of Traditional News Values Given Twitter through a Mixed Methods Approach

Over the years, social media has catered for faster and perhaps more efficient delivery of news. Twitter, one of the most popular micro-blogging sites, is now being used by journalists in spreading and gathering news. And since Twitter takes note of what topics are trending, journalists now have an idea on what their audience would like to know and talk about. However, topics trending on Twitter often do not reflect the dominant news values presented by the journalists in the traditional news media, thus creating a gap between the perceptions of the audience and of the journalist on what are considered to be newsworthy especially on Twitter. This also creates an impression that news and the news values are evolving. This exploratory mixed methods research re-evaluates the traditional news values in the age of Twitter. It seeks to determine if such values have evolved and if they remain relevant for journalists in the delivery of news in this entirely new platform. Four news values were identified given a phenomenological approach employed in qualitative interviews. These identified news values were then tested using a survey (N=300) as structural equation modeling was employed to test if these four news values are correlated to newsworthiness, news consumption and news distribution. This study contributes to discourses on news values which are currently being reviewed given how the Internet and social media have influenced journalism.

Derechos humanos y actual racismo en las migraciones de la africanidad

Esta conferencia magistral ha abordado el tráfico de esclavos desde los siglos XV y XVI, la migración actual de los africanos hacia los Estados Unidos hecho que se criminaliza y se mediatiza por la manipulación de los medios periodísticos y las instituciones del Estado de Panamá, Costa Rica y Nicaragua; el objeto es hacer un recorrido de las páginas de la historia a través de una hermenéutica que devela andamiajes de corrupción y destrucción por monopolios y políticos corruptos de las localidades desde el África y el origen mismo del capitalismo en la imposición de la esclavitud. Se plantean retos como la transformación de las universidades y la fundación de Universidades Interculturales Indígenas que, en acompañamiento a las comunidades afrodescendientes, indígenas y mestizos en la construcción de las bases del pensamiento descolonizador y se trazan las perspectivas del desarrollo auto sostenible e integral.

The Meaning of ‘Limited Pluralism’ in Media Reporting under Authoritarian Rule

Research on mass media in authoritarian regimes focuses more on state mechanisms of control than on actual media reporting and on moments of crises much more than on times of stable functioning of the regime. In order to shed more light on the role of journalistic mass media in authoritarian regimes, this article deals with the actual limits of pluralism in media reporting regarding policy issues in ‘ordinary’ authoritarian politics. Looking at pluralism in sources (i.e., actors being quoted) and pluralism in opinion, the article also deals with the often assumed increasing degree of pluralism from TV over print media to the Internet. This study is based on a qualitative content analysis of media reporting on export pipelines in three post-Soviet authoritarian regimes (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan). The text corpus comprises 3,618 media reports from 38 different journalistic media outlets published between 1998 and 2011. Two major results of the study are, first, that concerning the degree of pluralism, the differences between types of media are country specific, and, second, that ‘limited pluralism’ seems to be a misnomer, as the political opposition—at least in our cases—regularly does not have a voice at all.

Communication Pattern of Indonesian Journalists with News Source in the Internet Era

Indonesia is one of the countries that cannot evade the development of digital communication enabling its society to access the Internet. As such, now people can get Internet access easier, so that they can connect to it anytime and anywhere. This advantage, to some journalistic platforms like newspaper, radio, and television, is used to run an online version of their services as well as to search, collect, process and publish news for the society. Yet, the development of online journalism becomes a threat and challenge for newspaper, radio, and television journalism consecutively. All journalism media that exist previously compete each other to become the first and foremost in providing information to the society, thus the competition among journalists cannot be avoided, especially in searching information from news sources. In responding to this, even some journalists are willing to violate the rules in order to get a reliable news source. From this, it emerges a question what are the communication patterns applied between Indonesian journalists and the news sources seen from the eyes of the journalists? To answer this question, the researcher conducted the present study applying the qualitative approach. The results demonstrated that the patterns of communication done can be included into five categories such as mutualism, parasitism, commensalism, epigonism, and neutralism. Keywords: Journalism, sources, mutualism, parasitism, commensalism.

Use of the Omaha System for ontology-based text mining to discover meaning within CaringBridge social media journals

ObjectivesThe goals of this study were to examine the feasibility of using ontology-based text mining with CaringBridge social media journal entries in order to understand journal content from a whole-person perspective. Specific aims were to describe Omaha System problem concept frequencies in the journal entries over a four-step process overall, and relative to Omaha System Domains; and to examine the four step method including the use of standardized terms and related words. DesignOntology-based retrospective observational feasibility study using text mining methods. SampleA corpus of social media text consisting of 13,757,900 CaringBridge journal entries from June 2006 to June 2016. MeasuresThe Omaha System terms, including problems and signs/symptoms, were used as the foundational lexicon for this study. Development of an extended lexicon with related words for each problem concept expanded the semantics-powered data analytics approach to reflect consumer word choices. ResultsAll Omaha System problem concepts were identified in the journal entries, with consistent representation across domains. The approach was most successful when common words were used to represent clinical terms. Preliminary validation of journal examples showed appropriate representation of the problem concepts. ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of using an interface terminology and ontology (the Omaha System) as a text mining information model. Further research is needed to systematically validate these findings, refine the process as needed to advance the study of CaringBridge content, and extend the use of this method to other consumer-generated journal entries and terminologies.

Fundamentalist web journalism: Walking a fine line between religious ultra-Orthodoxy and the new media ethos

New media journalism has perturbed traditional reporting not only in mainstream-modern societies but also within religious-cum-insular communities. Focusing on the Jewish ultra-Orthodox community in Israel and in light of web journalists’ continuous struggle with leading clergy and an apprehensive public, this study grapples with the question, ‘How do ultra-Orthodox web journalists view their work mission as information brokers for an enclave culture?’ The study gleaned from 40 in-depth interviews with web journalists and discussions with community web activists. Results uncovered three major schemata that drive their praxis: (1) Communal-Haredi, (2) Western-Democratic and (3) Journalist Ecosystem. Findings suggest a rising archetype of fundamentalist web journalism that rests its professional ethos on writers’ practice, rather than on formalized training or communal dictums. Web journalists were found to strongly identify with their community, yet, often unintentionally, also act as a secondary form of authority and harbingers of change.

The Role of Social Media in Journalism: An Examination on Turkish News Organizations

This study, seeks to understand the role of social media in journalistic routines by examining Turkish news organizations, and asks: How do Turkish news organizations use social media as a newsgathering tool? Do they consider social media as a trusted source? Which social media platforms are being used most by news organisations? Do they integrate user-generated content into their news? How do they struggle with fake news? How do they evaluate the future of journalism? To answer these questions, we conducted 12 semi-structured interviews with media professionals working for newspapers, television, news agencies and the web. We carried out the interviews in Istanbul and Ankara between February and March 2017. The total length of all interviews is more than 600 minutes. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed conducting a qualitative content analysis. The current findings illustrate that the impact of social media on journalistic routines is limited. It can be contended that professional journalistic norm and practices continue their importance in Turkish news organizations.

An Investigation of Ethiopian Journalists’ Ethical Practices with Respect to Their Own Editorial Policies: Broadcast Media Journalists in Focus

Constructing arguments on the level of journalism ethics violations by identifying the main factors influences journalists to work against their professional interest, and evaluating editorial policy documents and editorial meeting were the basic objectives achieved. Methodological wise, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed. About 117 journalists were involved. There are significant, if not critical, media ethics violations by Ethiopian broadcast media journalists. Both in cash and in kind journalist collect benefits from news sources and news makers. In return, they offer positive and success story coverage. Government and media have symbiotic relationships, but in Ethiopia, it is more than that- government officials influence the media. Public official pressures, amateurism and burden of living cost are main factor influence journalists to act unethically. The media editorial policies are not clear and accessible. Media fired and punish in fine “unethical” journalists.

Development and Journalism Composite in the Media Landscape: A Critical Assessment of the Private and Government Media Journalists’ Perception towards Development Journalism

The central focus of this study has been assessing the perception of private and government journalists towards development journalism. It inquires how they understood and explain the ideology. And it has attempted to investigate the visible and invisible gaps and the resultant perception effect between development journalism theoretical framework by journalists and the actual application of it? To do so, individual in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion and document analysis were used to generate data to the study. Major literatures have been consulted and the following key points are included; surfacing of development journalism, conceptual components, and Key components of development journalism, Contextual origins, Theoretical bases of development journalism, Development journalism and its watch dog role, School of thought of DJ, Purpose of development reporting , Objectives of development journalism, Principles of development journalism, Development journalism defined, Development news defined, Implementing development journalism, and The concept of DJ in Africa.The finding shows that there is a closer outlook between the state and private media journalists concerning the concept of development, their responses vis a vis with the multilateral view of scholars show that there still is a limitation in understanding the notion fully and meaningfully. Majority of the research participants tended to capitalize the economic interpretation of the concept and some private journalists the political meaning of it and on a collective view, the social, cultural, traditional……Aspect of the concept is disregarded. As outlined over and above having a sound meaning of development is imperative in owning the right virtues of DJ. Given the above fact, the views of the journalists are not all encompassing and touching the basic meaning of the concept of development.As for development journalism, the outcome revealed that the understanding the journalists, particularly the private ones, is somehow limited. They defined it in a very narrow angle. Relatively, the government journalists seem to have a better understanding of the concept. However, there definitely is a limitation in their understanding and explanation. As literatures show, the concept of DJ is far more comprehensive and deeper than explained by the journalists.In assessing the Factors contributing to the negative perception of the ideology; fundamentally, the journalists who took part in the discussion, equivocally, agreed that the ideology in its full sense and meaning is not put into practice. In unearthing the factors that tangle the implementation of the ideology, the participants identified the following restraining factors. And they are; Self-Censorship, The Problem of Editorial Independence, Lack of proper awareness about the ideology, Direct and in-direct outside influences, Following up-bottom approach, The tradition of poor research among journalists, Politicizing the ideology, Very poor or sluggish assessment of the impact of the ideology, The ideology is not well institutionalized, and Low self-concept as a professional journalist.As per the theoretical discussions and the findings of the research, recommendations have been forwarded and one of it is. A development journalist should critically examine, evaluate and report the relevance of a development project to national and local needs, the difference between its impacts on people as claimed by the government officials and as it actually is. Thus, the government media journalists should adjust their mind set towards the right meaning and more importantly, the application of the ideology. The private media journalists too should widen their view concerning the ideology since it is a professional obligation to understand professional issues. Keywords: Development, Development journalism

3. The Future of the Journalism Media; How technology will transform the journalism media

3. The Future of the Journalism Media; How technology will transform the journalism media

“Doping Shadow Still Hard to Escape“: Facing up to Reflections in German Print Media on Doping Scandal

The paper reflects important features and developments of doping affair with Russian sportsmen as a media scandal. This communicative event is introduced through the current examples taken from the German national and regional press. The mechanisms of the formation and topicalization of the event are revealed in the paper. The global context of the scandal is covered and exampled by co-referential areas “Sport” and “Olympics”. Their presentation and interpretation occur under conditions of so-called “fake news” and “media performance” strategies. The examples presented in chronological order reflect the communicative dynamics of the media event ‘doping scandal’. The remarkable features of the distinguishing journalistic style and informative media genres are covered in the paper.

Probing the Efficacy of the Professional JOURNALISTS’ Associations in Ethiopia within the Journalism Arena; Roles, Challenges, and Prospects

This study explores the roles, prospects, challenges and responsibilities of today’s professional associations in developing, maintaining and sustaining the professionalism that underpins the profession of journalism. To do so and to generate pertinent data, the study employed individual in-depth interview, focus group discussion and quantitative data gathering tool known as questionnaire. Accordingly, in-depth interviews were made with professional journalistic associations’ leaders, editors and reporters. To inculcate the views and opinion of members and non-members of professional journalistic associations, questionnaires were dispatched. And finally group discussion with five professional journalists was carried out. Upon the data collected and analyzed and the relevant literatures consulted the study showed that part of the roles of the professional journalistic associations include the activities and processes that establish boundaries for the profession; stake the territory in which the profession operates; promote the profession, develop the prestige of the occupation through education, safeguard and protect the specialized knowledge of the field and certify its attainment, develop the standards and regulations by which the profession operates, preserve the integrity of the profession; and keep up with innovations, developments and knowledge which are effectively disseminated to members through communications, publications, conferences, seminars and training processes to support them in improving the services they provide. The outcome of the study also showed that the associations do not have a well thought temporary and constant financial base plan, timely research based guidelines and publications for members, skill and knowledge dissemination schemes, lobbying and promotional plans, and well equipped and accountable leadership and managerial staffs. Hence the residual effect became weakening the association from inside out. The changing nature of the profession and the evolving relationships between members and the associations is a consequence of the wide-ranging experience over recent years. Although not unique to the profession of journalism, interms of the ever changing technology the media is using. These dynamism have altered the fundamental nature of our profession in terms of how we network, communicate and how we maintain our knowledge and skills. Hence, professional journalistic associations need to go along with the dynamic nature of the profession. The finding also revealed that there indeed is a Divisive, distrustful, and suspicious relationships between government and private media journalists due to differing political orientation and inclination and professional ideological disparity. And the discrepancy has contributed to weak and fragile professional associations hence, forums for discussion and professional debate should be arranged so that a chance can be created to arrive at a shared view

War, Media, and War Journalism in Afghan Jihad

War and media are intimately linked; both are waged campaigns and, as a more cynical worldview would contend, both are forms of communication. Public opinion about war is profoundly affected by how...

OTRALAMNGARAT SOCIAL AND PHYSICAL ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS OF THE MEDIA CASE STUDY ON VISUAL AND WRITTEN MEDIA

The study aimed to identify the most important social variables affecting the environmental awareness of the media, as well as to identify the most important physical variables affecting the environmental awareness of the media. The descriptive approach, which is based on the social survey methodology, was used in random sampling. A sample of the study was chosen by 200 media researchers, including 21 case studies for senior media journalists and broadcasters, and 40 individuals from the random sample to calculate honesty and reliability. In addition to 10 individual academics and media professionals from journalists and broadcasters to judge the questionnaire, the remaining 140 are the group of journalists in the various newspapers, the Egyptian television and the satellite channels. The researchers used a number of tools suitable for the nature of the study and the respondents, accuracy of their work and the appropriate time of the tool in a scientific approach social. The questionnaire includes 24 questions which are distributed to 21 media personalities to answer the questions of the case study, which includes two axes: the first includes the social and physical conditions, and the second axis includes questions that illustrate the media awareness. . The questionnaires were implemented through four axes, which included 69 questions, namely: The first axis: the formation of awareness through the family, education and society, and the second axis: It includes the formation of media professional awareness. Third: The influence of different media on the level of awareness of the media. The fourth theme: The impact of community issues on the level of awareness among media professionals. The most important findings of the study - The family contributes to the formation of awareness among the media - Government education is the most influential in the formation of awareness among media professionals - Job and economic stability affects the degree of awareness among media professionals - 47% of media professionals follow environmental issues and news in the world. Media workers are affected by officials and heads of work - Environmental work affects the degree of awareness among media professionals - 60% of sample media do not have information about the centers of environmental studies in Egypt - 83% of media professionals need training studies in the field of environment and issues. The most important recommendations of the study - Journalists and media unions should hold seminars and conferences on environmental awareness - The spread of environmental NGOs to educate citizens - Satellite and television broadcasts weekly programs to promote environmental awareness. - Contribution of the Ministry of Environment to the spread of research centers and environmental studies at the level of universities - Contribution of plastic artists in the development of posters aimed at environmental awareness - to develop a competition of prizes for the most beautiful subject of the environment and the most beautiful picture, whether television or in the P - the contribution of the Ministry of Environment in the establishment of environmental trips to spread environmental awareness for school students.