Journalism Ethics Research Articles

International ethical documents in the practice of regulating journalism

RELEVANCE. In the modern world, globalization leads to the formation of a single information space and the blurring of boundaries between local and global media. The purpose of the study is to find out how international standards of journalism relate to national and religious ethical norms in the context of globalization, and what prospects exist for the formation of global ethics. The study is aimed at identifying problems and prospects in the field of international standards of journalistic ethics in the context of globalization.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The object of the study is international and national documents regulating the activities of the media, as well as specific codes adopted in various cultural and religious traditions. We applied a critical analysis of existing approaches and norms in the field of journalism and human rights, as well as possible contradictions and problems associated with the unification of standards. An interdisciplinary approach is used to analyze complex issues related to globalization and journalism.RESULT AND DISCUSSION. It is shown that, despite globalization and increased international interaction, there is significant diversity in the understanding and application of ethical standards in journalism. However, there is a tendency towards the formation of global ethics, despite existing cultural and religious differences. An example is the gradual approach of Muslim countries to international human rights standards, as well as efforts to take into account the specifics of different cultures in international documents regulating the activities of the media. CONCLUSION. The study confirms the possibility and necessity of developing universal ethical principles of journalism that take into account the diversity of cultural and religious traditions. At the same time, the role of international documents in promoting dialogue and mutual understanding between journalists from different countries is emphasized. In the future, additional research is required on the practical application of international recommendations in national media systems.

NBESM: A Novel BERT Integrated with Sequence Model for Classifying the News in Telugu

News classification helps individuals understand the political and social landscape of their region, enabling them to make informed decisions and participate in civic activities. Accurate classification ensures that readers can distinguish between news, opinion, and other types of content, maintaining the credibility and ethics of journalism. Many people prefer consuming news content in their native language. By classifying news in regional language, media outlets can cater to the language preferences of their audience. Traditional approaches have classified using Bag of Words and embedding approaches but Word embeddings are limited to the vocabulary seen during training. Words that were not present in the training data will have no pre-defined embeddings, and handling such out-of-vocabulary words can be challenging. Later, researchers started experimenting with neural networks such as RNN, GRU and LSTM. While LSTMs are designed to capture long-range dependencies, they can still struggle with very long sequences. As the sequence length increases, LSTMs may face challenges in retaining relevant information over extended periods. The proposed research integrates LSTM with transformers. Transformers excel at capturing contextual relationships across text, while LSTMs are designed to capture sequential patterns. This integration can be particularly useful for tasks that require modeling both local context and long-range dependencies.

News media consumption and support for counter-terrorism measures: the role of hatred and fear

ABSTRACT Media are a key social agent shaping society’s responses to measures implemented in the fight against terrorism. We argue that emotions elicited by media narratives on terrorist attacks are decisive to understand the link between the news media consumption and citizens’ support for military intervention in the Middle East, as well as for security measures in the home country. In two studies conducted after the Brussels attacks (N = 250) and the Barcelona attacks (N = 633), we tested the explanatory role of emotions – specifically fear and hatred – in the association between media narratives and these two outcomes. The results of both studies show that hatred explained the positive relationship between news media consumption and support for military intervention, and to a lesser degree, agreement with security measures. In contrast, the positive relationship between news media consumption and agreement with security measures was explained by fear. This research underscores the need to consider how emotions are utilized in media discourse. We discuss practical implications of our findings for promoting ethical journalism.

The changes in Chinese journalistic ethics in on the example of the Code of Ethics of Chinese journalists: history and modernity

The changes in Chinese journalistic ethics in on the example of the Code of Ethics of Chinese journalists: history and modernity

Proactive Blocking through the Automated Identification of Likely Harassers

Since people began interacting in computer-mediated spaces, there has been a need to block or silence abusive users. In 2014, Gamergate—a purported campaign for “ethics in game journalism,” which often seemed a misogynist protest against women in computer gaming—brought the issue of online harassment to popular attention and inspired a wave of tools and techniques to mitigate online abuse. Yet, it remains a serious problem. Individuals, particularly activists and political dissidents, can face intense harassment on platforms like X (formerly Twitter), designed to silence their speech. This paper proposes a method to block likely abusers on X, using Kashmiri dissidents and Hindutva (Hindu nationalist) harassers as a case study. We first interviewed six Kashmiri dissidents who use social media for their activism to better understand their unique online experiences. Then, using a combination of text analysis and social network analysis, based on a sampling of accounts provided by the interviewees, we developed a novel filtering method. Our tests indicate that the model is 97% effective at identifying accounts that were previously blocked for harassment. This model could be useful for screening interactions on X, and preemptively filtering any it identifies as potential harassment. While it may no longer be appropriate for protecting Kashmiri users—many of whom have fled social media platforms—this model could be used in other minority communities and on other social media platforms.

Portrayal of Physical and Sexual Women Violence Issues in Elite Press of Pakistan

This study investigates how leading English and Urdu newspapers in Pakistan cover issues of physical and sexual violence against women. The primary objectives include examining the extent and nature of coverage, comparing Urdu and English newspapers, and analyzing media framing of these issues. The research questions focus on identifying the types and amount of violence reported, the space allocated, the placement of news items, and whether the coverage is favourable or unfavourable. Utilizing framing theory and feminist theory, the study adopts a cross-sectional research design and employs content analysis to examine data from June 1, 2021, to May 31, 2022. The sample includes Daily Jang, Daily Nawa-i-Waqt, The News, and The Nation. Indicators such as the type of violence (physical, psychological, sexual), placement of news (front page, back page, crime page), and column space were coded and analyzed using Chi-Square tests. Results show that Urdu newspapers provide more extensive and unfavourable coverage compared to English newspapers. Physical violence received the most coverage, followed by sexual and psychological violence. Significant findings highlight the media's role in perpetuating stereotypes and biases against women, emphasizing the need for balanced and ethical reporting. Recommendations include enhancing media literacy, promoting ethical journalism, and advocating for policies that ensure fair representation of women's issues in the press.

Editorial Management of Kanalindonesia.com Online News as Information Media

Editorial management is the main key in managing online news content, especially in Kanalindonesia.com as a relevant and dynamic information media. This study aims to determine the editorial management strategies and practices applied by Kanalindonesia.com in presenting information effectively and up-to-date. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews, observations, and analysis of online news content published by Kanalindonesia.com. The results showed that the editorial management carries the approach of Planning, Organizing, Actuating, and Controlling. The process of collecting, editing, and disseminating news is carried out in a structured and efficient manner in accordance with journalistic principles. The selection of topics, the use of reliable sources of information, and the application of ethical journalism principles are the main focuses in presenting news. In addition, Kanalindonesia.com also implements controls on news content products that are carried out once a month. This is in order to form management that carries responsibility and can achieve the goals of the company.

Citizen journalism in Africa: A systematic literature review

Over the past few years, there has been a significant change in how news is reported and shared due to technological advancements and the popularity of social media platforms. This shift has enabled citizen journalism, which has strongly influenced media systems and public discourses. The purpose of this study is to discover the main themes, research paradigms and trends regarding citizen journalism in Africa. Data was drawn from Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, Sage Publication and Emerald Insight databases. The researchers applied a systematic literature review method to the dataset, and after applying the protocol and the analysis model, a corpus of 27 articles was obtained in June 2023, covering a decade from 2013. The findings indicate that ethics in journalism, bureaucracy in journalistic reporting, objectivity in news reporting, professionalism in citizen journalism and social media are the main themes in citizen journalism discussed in the selected articles over the research period. The predominant research paradigm of the reviewed articles is qualitative. The review exposes various unexplored areas of citizen journalism in Africa and recommends further studies in the field.

Climate-Related Financial Risk: Insights from a Semisystematic Review of the Literature and Implications for Financial Reporting

Synopsis The research problem This paper provides a semisystematic review of the literature on climate-related financial risk, with particular emphasis on whether that risk is adequately priced by financial markets and the implications of that risk assessment for financial reporting. Motivation This paper was motivated by a strong perception that financial markets have become increasingly exposed to the perils of climate change, and a concern for whether the rapid expansion of the literature on this topic sufficiently addresses financial markets’ correct pricing of the uncertainties inherent in these perils. Our particular goals were to understand the expansion of this literature, identify the originating and influential works that may have spurred this expansion, and provide new directions for research. The research question Our paper reviews the research on whether climate-related financial risk is adequately priced by the financial markets. Target population We examined a comprehensive sample of articles on climate-related financial risk published in the Financial Times’ Top 50 (FT50) accounting, finance, management, and business ethics journals over three decades, ending in 2022. Our analysis of the evolution of knowledge on climate-related financial risk also includes studies in non-FT50 journals (prior works) that may have spurred subsequent work in FT50 journals; non-FT50 journals (derivative works) that are inspired by the studies in FT50 journals; and set of studies that are similar to those in FT50 journals in terms of the topic (similar works) published in an array of non-FT50 journals. Adopted methodology We conducted a semisystematic review of knowledge flow based on bibliographic coupling, cocitation, and direct citation. Analyses We reviewed FT50 articles to examine the topics, methods, samples, and results. We compared FT50 articles with non-FT50 articles to explore their respective number of publications and average citations over time. We also examined the extent to which the FT50 and non-FT50 journals included accounting papers and the extent to which the top 20 papers, based on their impact (defined as the number of times a paper was considered an influential work by the FT50 journal papers), included accounting papers. Findings Compared to non-FT50 journals, we find that FT50 journals largely ignored climate-related financial risk until about 2010, and that the average citation of an FT50 publication was lower than a non-FT50 publication until around 2017. The fraction of FT50 and non-FT50 accounting journals publishing on climate-related financial risk remained low across all years. Moreover, the top 20 studies, based on their impact, included very few accounting papers. Our review of the content of the FT50 studies identifies traits of the literature that limit its generalizability, namely, a heavy emphasis on samples of U.S. corporations and the extensive use of association tests to develop the findings. Our review of the literature on the pricing effects of climate-related financial risk suggests that financial markets only partially price this risk and that fundamental questions relevant to policy remain unanswered.

An Analysis and Countermeasures of News Inversion in the Post-truth Era

In the digital age, the swift proliferation of the Internet and new media has led to the frequent occurrence of “news inversion”, significantly undermining societal trust and the credibility of mainstream media. Such news, often pivoting on social hot topics, garners extensive public attention and epitomizes the challenges of the “post-truth” era, where traditional journalistic ethics are under siege. This paper aims to dissect the roots and repercussions of news inversion and propose effective strategies to mitigate its widespread influence.

Unveiling the veil: A critical analysis of news coverage in Sri Lankan print media

Media plays a fundamental role in shaping public opinion and discourse, with print media serving as a primary source of news and information worldwide. This research critically analyzes news coverage within the print media landscape of Sri Lanka, a country marked by diverse socio-political complexities. Through in-depth interviews with journalists, editors, media analysts, and academics, the study examines media bias, agenda setting, framing of conflict and ethnic issues, representation of minorities, and the influence of political affiliations and ownership structures. Thematic analysis reveals pervasive biases, selective reporting, and challenges in equitable representation. The findings underscore the pivotal role of the media in shaping public perception and discourse, while highlighting the imperative of upholding journalistic ethics and professionalism. Addressing these challenges necessitates fostering media pluralism, promoting diversity in ownership, and ensuring adherence to ethical standards. Ultimately, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of media dynamics in complex socio-political contexts and underscores the importance of a free, impartial, and responsible media in fostering informed public discourse and democratic values.

Newspapers’ Reportage of the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: Implication Towards De-Escalation of Electoral Violence

The mass media play a crucial role in electoral processes. Most scholarly attention has primarily been focused on media coverage of election conflicts, with little attention on the deescalation of electoral violence in the media reportage. This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the prominence given to de-escalating electoral violence in the coverage of the 2015 general elections in Nigerian newspapers. Employing exploratory design, the research utilised media content analysis and in-depth interviews as methods. Four newspapers Daily Trust, Nigerian Tribune, Daily Independent, and The Sun were purposively sampled. A total of 520 editions of the newspapers were coded and analysed using a coding sheet. Additionally, twelve interviews were conducted with editors, correspondents, and INEC officials. Quantitative data were analysed using frequency counts and percentages, while qualitative data were analyzed through the narrative technique. Findings revealed that newspapers gave high prominence to the de-escalation of electoral violence in their coverage and reportage of the 2015 general elections in Nigeria. The study underscores the importance of media operators being more conflict-sensitive in their presentation of sensitive issues like elections and adherence to professional journalistic ethics.

Role of Language in Emotions and Bias: A Cognitive Linguistic Perspective of Affective Political Media in the US

In todays digital era, where emotions are central to journalism and information disseminates rapidly, the role of language in transmitting emotions, stereotypes, and biases has become a subject of debate and study. The use of language in news media can be argued, as it may prioritize sensationalism over accuracy to tap into peoples feelings under new business models and the attention economy. While journalism ethics aim to minimize bias, journalism consistently incorporates emotions to captivate the audience and create an experience of involvement. This is significant because language, consumed from diverse media news channels, is integral to cognition. Research in cognitive linguistics demonstrates that human beings view the world in metaphoric terms, and language defines and constrains communication, thinking, and sense-making. This article explores linguistic mechanisms such as metaphors of flood and aliens, agenda setting, selectivity, framing, and expectancy bias, through which emotions, perspectives, and affectivity are sustained and propagated in political news reporting. It considers the impact of stereotypes and biases, particularly in the media portrayal of undocumented immigrants and different framings in the description of the War in Gaza. The article highlights that language is seldom neutral and is intertwined with motives, emphasizing the importance of understanding the persuasive power of words. In conclusion, this paper reveals the role of language in shaping perceptions of message receivers and contributes to enhancing linguistic justice, informing more ethical approaches to journalism and media production. It emphasizes the need for an editorially conscious and intelligent use of language to create engaging, empathetic content.

Navigating the dynamic terrain: A comprehensive analysis of journalism in Pakistan

The landscape of journalism in Pakistan is a dynamic interplay of historical legacies, political pressures, cultural influences, and technological advancements. From its origins in print media during the colonial era to the digital revolution of the 21st century, Pakistani journalism has navigated through challenges of censorship, political interference, and commercialization while upholding principles of truth and accountability. This research article conducts a comprehensive examination of the current state of news coverage and journalism in Pakistan, delving into its historical evolution, regulatory frameworks, technological advancements, and socio-political contexts. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, the study uncovers the pervasive influence of political actors on news coverage, the impact of media ownership concentration on journalistic independence, and the role of social and cultural factors in shaping news discourse. The findings highlight challenges including censorship, intimidation, and commercial imperatives, while also identifying opportunities for innovation, resilience, and advocacy within the media industry. Ultimately, the research underscores the urgent need to safeguard press freedom, promote media pluralism, and uphold ethical journalism to foster a vibrant and democratic media landscape in Pakistan.

Analysis of the Ethical Lapses in Journalism When Using Chat Records for Reporting

In the current era, news stories that utilize private chat records from social media as source material have attracted a substantial audience. However, there has been public debate regarding whether this practice breaches individual privacy management primarily and crosses the boundaries of journalistic ethics. This paper investigates the phenomenon of using private chat records from social media as news material, and its impact on personal privacy management and the boundaries of journalistic ethics. Specifically, the study focuses on how this practice disrupts the privacy management of chat record subjects, particularly in terms of boundary linkage, boundary permeability, and boundary ownership, thereby leading to issues of journalistic ethical lapses. The aim of the research is to propose methods for regulating journalistic practices and promoting the establishment of a "right to be forgotten" for social media users, in order to standardize journalistic boundaries, achieve boundary coordination, and reshape journalistic ethics. The main methodology of this paper is case analysis, complemented by literature review. The article employs Communication Privacy Management Theory as its theoretical framework and analyzes relevant journalistic cases. This paper finds that by standardizing the way journalists use news materials and promoting the establishment of the "Right to be Forgotten" for social media users, it is possible to regulate their news boundaries, achieve boundary coordination, and reshape their journalistic ethics.

Criteria for journalistic quality in the use of artificial intelligence

This study aims to assess the persistence of traditional journalistic quality features within the contemporary digital ecosystem. Digital advancements have fundamentally altered media creation, notably with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) in newsrooms. AI holds potential for substantial shifts in journalism, impacting business models, dissemination methods, and professional practices. Present in 75% of newsrooms, AI streamlines tasks, allowing more creative time for journalists. Ethical and quality concerns persist, particularly regarding AI’s ability to meet journalism’s established quality standards. This article aims to investigate the incorporation of these quality criteria in news articles generated by artificial intelligence (AI). Focus group and in-depth interviews were used as methodological techniques, involving ten experts. It is concluded that journalistic ethics have remained intact despite the disruptive technological advances in recent decades. However, there is a need to integrate these ethics with new criteria associated with the tools being used. Therefore, it is necessary to consider criteria from a dual perspective: both social and technological.

Ethical Issues Confronting Namibian Hybrid Media Organizations in the Digital Age

There is a deep-seated realization that the uptake of digitization in newsrooms has necessitated the need for an ethical reformation. This article examines ethical issues confronting operations of selected Namibian hybrid media organizations. Using the Namibia Media Holdings and The Namibian as case studies, this article argues that the platformization of news work, ever-changing technological landscape, the immediacy of internet, media sustainability concerns, and the changing nature of public interest have reconfigured ethical decision-making in hybrid media organizations in Namibia. It demonstrates that although traditional journalism ethics are still relevant, there are new ethical issues confronting hybrid media organizations.

Penerapan Etika Jurnalistik Pada Produksi Videografi Kompas Tv Riau

This research focuses on the lack of application of the journalistic code of ethics at Kompas TV Riau, especially on the YouTube platform. The goal is to analyze the implementation of the code of ethics in the practice of journalists. The benefits include theoretical, practical, and academic contributions in understanding journalistic ethics at Kompas TV Riau as well as a reference for future research.The research used descriptive qualitative methods with the location at Kompas TV Riau Office. Informants were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and literature study. Data analysis used Miles and Huberman techniques. Data validity was verified through source triangulation to ensure its validity and reliability.Based on interviews with Kompas TV Riau informants, the station applies the motto "Independent and Trustworthy" consistently in journalistic tasks. This commitment is reflected in all aspects of the work, from the selection of sources to the editing process. The importance of complying with the journalistic code of ethics emphasizes awareness of social responsibility and moral principles in presenting accurate and objective information.This research successfully evaluated Journalistic Ethics towards Visual Communication Videography at Kompas TV Pekanbaru. Interviews with the editor-in-chief, coordinators, reporters, and editors showed a commitment to independence and accuracy of information. Kompas TV Riau complies with the journalistic code of ethics, maintains integrity, and builds public trust in the information conveyed through visual videography communication.

Looking back at journalism ethics research over the past decade: An analysis of research in digital journalism, journalism, journalism practice, and journalism studies, 2013-2022

This study aims to identify research trends and central concepts in the field of journalism ethics over the past decade. Focusing on four major journals— Digital Journalism, Journalism, Journalism Practice, and Journalism Studies— this article presents key findings from a topic modeling analysis of articles published between 2013 and 2022. An analysis of 1170 journalism ethics-related studies revealed the most salient topic to be closely related to “news making practices.” This topic was followed by studies on social roles and values of journalism and ways to increase audiences’ trust and credibility in news. This study also found differences in major topics across the four journals. The articles in Journalism tended to center on news producers’ practices while approximately half of the articles in Digital Journalism focused on journalism practices in relation to technology and platforms. The second most studied topic in Journalism Practice were issues related to minority groups, such as women and children. Journalism Studies emphasized journalistic principles, such as transparency and credibility. While empirical assessments of the major trends in journalism ethics research have been lacking, this study helps fill this gap and establish a foundational understanding for future discussions on journalism ethics research, highlighting key recurring terms associated with journalism ethics.

Contesting Narratives: A Comparative Analysis of Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri Print Media Framing of the Abrogation of Article 370

The revocation of Article 370 by the Indian government in August 2019, stripping Jammu and Kashmir of its semi-autonomous status, dramatically exacerbated tensions in the long-standing Kashmir conflict. This decisive unilateral action triggered a harsh security crackdown and communications blackout in the Kashmir Valley. Given the disputed territory's centrality to Indo-Pak relations and regional stability, the framing of this pivotal event by Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri media assumed immense geopolitical significance. This study comparatively examined the dominant frames employed by elite English newspapers in all three stakeholder regions - The Hindu in India, Dawn in Pakistan, and Kashmir Times representing the local Kashmiri press. Underpinned by framing theory, a deductive qualitative content analysis revealed starkly divergent framings aligned with the respective nationalistic stances. The findings expose how media outlets strategically amplified certain aspects while marginalizing others to promote polarizing master narratives reflecting national interests regarding the Kashmir dispute. The implications underscore media's power to construct contested realities serving partisan interests in protracted geopolitical conflicts. To uphold ethical journalism principles, prevent further escalation, and promote inclusive human rights framing, the study recommends transnational collaboration between Indian, Pakistani and Kashmiri outlets rooted in objectivity and impartiality.