Journal Citation Reports Research Articles

Updating manuscript types and formats for Palaeoentomology

Prompted by a rapid development in the field of palaeoentomology, fossil terrestrial arthropods and amber research, Palaeoentomology was established in late 2018 through a collaborative effort between the International Palaeoentomological Society (IPS) and Magnolia Press (Azar et al., 2018). The inception of this scientific journal was met with enthusiastic reception from the palaeoentomological and amber community, and it achieved a consistent and robust growth throughout its initial five-year period (2018–2022). A significant milestone was attained in November 2022, as Palaeoentomology was granted acceptance into the Emerging Sources Citation Index™ (ESCI) within the esteemed Web of Science Core Collection™, a recognition indicative of its emerging influence. All papers published between 2018 and 2022 within Palaeoentomology were incorporated into the ESCI in January 2023, solidifying the journal’s presence and visibility within the scholarly landscape. More recently, according to June 2023 release of Journal Citation Reports, the 2022 journal impact factor of Palaeoentomology is 2.3, which is slightly higher than 2.2 estimated by Zhang (2023). Boasting a substantial impact factor, Palaeoentomology secures an impressive 20th position among 108 peers in the field of PALEONTOLOGY (Q1) and 8th position out of 57 in ENTOMOLOGY (Q1), further accentuating its influential stature (Clarivate Analytics, 2023). In order to continue fostering the rapid advancement of the journal, we are now implementing updates to the manuscript format of new submissions. A brief description of each article type is provided below.

Evaluating and Comparing the Quality of the Agronomy and Crop Science Journals Using Bibliometric Indicators

ABSTRACT The field of agronomy and crop science plays a crucial role in ensuring global food security and sustainable agricultural practices. In the realm of scholarly publications, bibliometric indicators have emerged as invaluable tools for quantifying and comparing the impact, reach, and significance of such contributions. Various bibliometric indicators were employed for the study, including Impact Factor, Eigenfactor Score, Cite Score, and h-index. To accomplish this, we compiled a roster of 90 agronomy and crop science journals using the Journal Citation Report (JCR) within the Web of Science (WOS), journal metrics from the Scopus database (Cite Score and SNIP), and h5-index from Google Scholar. The SCImago Journal Ranking (SJR) was obtained from its official website. Subsequently, we conducted Bivariate Pearson’s (r) and Spearman’s (ρ) correlation coefficient tests to assess ranking correlations. The study revealed notable positive correlations particularly, a strong Pearson’s (r) correlation evident between the Impact Factor (JIF) and both the Cite Score (CS) and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) indicators, yielding values of (r = 0.962) and (r = 0.932), respectively. Interestingly, despite the distinct mathematical foundations underpinning the various citation-based bibliometric indices scrutinized, our findings underscored their robust correlations when it comes to ranking agronomy and crop science journals.

Smart cities and urban dimensions to ensure sustainable development: a bibliometric analysis

PurposeThe multidimensional complexity of urban settlements is increasing and the problem of spaces and territories brought to the scale of smart cities is a critical global issue. This study aims to analyse the scientific production in the Web of Science (WoS) on the relationship between smart cities and the eight urban dimensions defined by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in the period 1990 to 2021, in order to establish which countries lead the knowledge related to the search for sustainable living conditions for people and how this knowledge contributes to improving stakeholders' decision-making.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological steps followed in the study were: (1) Identification and selection of keywords. (2) Design and application of an algorithm to identify these selected keywords in titles, abstracts and keywords using WoS terms to contrast them. (3) Data processing was performed from Journal Citation Report (JCR) journals during the year 2022.FindingsThis study identified the authors, institutions and countries that publish the most globally on the topic of Smart Cities. The acceleration in the integration of new technologies and their impact on population conglomerates and their relationship with urban dimensions were also analysed. The evidence found indicates that the USA and China are leading in this field.Originality/valueThis bibliometric study was designed to analyse a knowledge space not addressed in the scientific literature referred to the relationship between the concept of smart cities and the urban dimensions established by the WEF, the identification of new technologies that are converging to promote developments of new ways of managing urban dimensions and propose new knowledge spaces.

A multidimensional journal evaluation framework based on the Pareto‐dominated set measured by the Manhattan distance

AbstractJournal evaluation is a multifaceted issue, and multidimensional information cannot be conflated into one metric due to the inability of a single indicator to reflect the quality of a journal. The goal of this paper is to develop a multidimensional journal evaluation framework based on the Pareto‐dominated set through integrating information measured by the Manhattan distance related to article performance, academic communities, and publishing platforms. This paper identifies 29 related indexes to form a three‐dimensional (3D) journal evaluation framework with metrics involving stakeholders in journal publication. To reduce multicollinearity among related indexes, a factor analysis‐based entropy weight method is proposed to integrate the multidimensional information into five aggregated indicators and then transform them into a 3D‐weighted influence factor coordinate system. A journal evaluation framework is defined based on the Pareto‐dominated set of a journal in the 3D‐coordinate system measured by the Manhattan distance to assess journal impact. A case study has been implemented based on 124 journals selected from the “Statistics & Probability” category in the 2019 Journal Citation Report to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.

Longitudinal scientific mapping of emerging and converging trends between the Internet of Things and digital transformation

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the technological change under development linked to the convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and digital transformation (DT) from the perspective of a scientific mapping in a context marked by the occurrence of an unexpected event that accelerated this process such as the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and its variants. Design/methodology/approach The study was developed under the longitudinal scientific mapping approach and considered the period 1990–2021 using as a basis the descriptors DT and IoT. The steps followed were identification and selection of keywords; design and application of an algorithm to identify these selected keywords in titles, abstracts and keywords using terms in Web of Science (WoS) to contrast them; and performing a data processing based on the journals in the Journal Citation Report during 2022. The longitudinal study uses scientific mapping to analyze the evolution of the scientific literature that seeks to understand the acceleration in the integration of technology and its impact on the human factor, processes and organizational culture. Findings This study showed that the technologies converging around IoT form the basis of the main DT processes being experienced on a global scale; furthermore, it was shown that the pandemic accelerated the convergence and application of new technologies to support the major changes required for a world with new needs. Finally, China and the USA differ significantly in the production of scientific knowledge with respect to the first eight followers. Originality/value The knowledge gap addressed by this study is to identify the production of scientific knowledge related to IoT and its impact on DT processes at the scale of individuals, organizations and the new way of delivering value to society. This knowledge about researchers, institutions, countries and the derivation is multiple indicators allows improving decision-making at multiple scales on these issues.

The Online Attention to Research in Legal Medicine: An Altmetric Study on the Most Discussed Articles on the Web

Background: Online attention is a relevant research feature that can be related to its societal impact. Online attention in the field of legal medicine was explored as well as the relation between citation count and the Altmetric Attention Score (AAS). Methods: A search was performed, through the free Dimensions app, during September 2020, on the journals related to legal medicine listed in the 2019 edition of the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). The 200 published items with the highest AAS were retrieved and screened for bibliometric data. Articles with related citations were gathered from Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, and Dimensions. Results: Seventy-five percent of the articles were published by five of the selected journals. Twitter and news outlets were the most prevalent Altmetric resources. Additionally, 73.5% of the articles were published between 2013 and 2020. The most frequent topics were the ones related to toxicology and pharmacology, followed by criminalistics and law and bioethics. A poor correlation was found between the citations in WOS, Dimensions, and Scopus and the AAS. Conclusions: The online attention on legal medicine-related topics can be considered high on social media. The high number of news outlets is a distinctive feature of the most discussed articles in legal medicine. In this field of medicine, citation-based metrics combined with Altmetric can allow a broader evaluation of research findings but it should be underlined that, when measuring very different aspects of a published item, the scores in classic citation databases and Altmetric do not have a direct relation.

Visualization Analysis of Research Trends and Hotspots in Inspiratory Muscle Training.

BACKGROUND Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) aims to train inspiratory muscles based mainly on the diaphragm by applying a load resistance during the inspiratory process. Many papers related to IMT have been published in various journals; however, no articles objectively and directly present the development trends and research hotspots of IMT. Therefore, this study used CiteSpace to visually analyze recent IMT-related publications to provide valuable information for future IMT-related studies. MATERIAL AND METHODS CiteSpace was applied to analyze the IMT-related publications by countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords. RESULTS We included 504 papers. The number of IMT-related publications trended upward between 2009 and 2022. Leuven had the highest number of publications by an institution. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine was the most frequently co-cited journal. Half of the top 10 references cited were from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Q1 and half were about the application of IMT in chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Gosselink was the author with the highest number of publications and Aldrich was the author with the highest co-citation frequency. The preponderance of studies on the surgical population and postoperative pulmonary complications reflects potential application of IMT in enhanced recovery after surgery. CONCLUSIONS This study provides scholars with important information related to IMT research. It analyzes IMT research trends and status, which can help researchers identify primary topics in the field and find ways to explore new research directions to promote the application of IMT in clinical practice and the cooperation of IMT-related disciplines.

A systematic review of Spanish academic production in the field of social work

Summary This article is a systematic review of the Spanish scientific production in social work hosted in the Web of Science. Findings The article analyzes the current state of social work research in Spain. Since the creation of the European Higher Education Area, Spanish social work has had to meet university research requirements, including the publication of papers in journals indexed in the world's leading databases. Spanish scientific production is analyzed from its beginnings until 2020. The main findings were that most of such research that was published by Spanish social work academic was in Spanish, while other categories of authors, such as nonsocial work Spanish academic, publish more in English. Spanish-language journals were mostly indexed in Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), while those in English were in Journal Citation Reports (JCR) or Scopus, consistently receiving few citations. Women as main authors exceeded men in percentages of indexed articles. Bibliometric quality measures constructed with Scopus were slightly better than those with JCR. The most developed topics in the area were general and transversal issues such as immigration, social services, social intervention, and social policies. Applications The study demonstrates to Spanish social work researchers that they have greater likelihood of obtaining better quality indexes if they publish in English in JCR- and Scopus-indexed journals, resulting in enhanced academic career visibility.

Pedagogical Models, Physical Activity and Intention to be Physically Active: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Pedagogical models have been described as suitable for promoting positive outcomes in the physical domain of learning. Is this enough in the battle against sedentary lifestyles? To answer this question, a systematic search of four scientific literature databases was conducted. The articles were included if they met the following criteria: (1) interventions using the four most widely implemented pedagogical models (and their hybridizations), (2) analyzed physical activity (PA) and/or intention to be physically active (IPA), and (3) indexed in the Journal Citation Reports. As a result, twenty-eight articles were included. Some studies showed positive outcomes (in both PA and IPA); others showed ambiguous results (increases in one and no effects in the other) and, finally, some showed no effects. Most studies that assessed individuals’ IPA produced positive effects. IPA can lead to goals, and through goals, individuals shape their life. Thus, pedagogical models can become a major input in terms of health for future adults.

Efficiency Ranking of Journals in Turkey with DEA and DR/DEA Methods

Today, all countries publish many scientific studies in order to make progress in a scientific sense and plan for the future. Many criteria, such as impact factor, citation count, and article impact score, have been developed to measure, compare, and rank the quality of journals in which these studies are published. These criteria are used for purposes such as academic promotion, hiring, publication support, project support, and scholarships. It is extremely important to evaluate the quality standards of journals published in any field objectively in order to determine their quality and improve their standards. In this study, effective analysis was performed on certain journals published in Turkey using suitable input and output variables selected from these criteria. The efficiency scores of the journals were calculated using the Data Envelopment Analysis method and Discriminant Ratio Data Envelopment Analysis was applied. The journals were ranked according to the efficiency scores obtained. The efficiency scores obtained using Discriminant Ratio Data Envelopment Analysis were found to give better results in evaluating the performance of journals. In addition, the obtained efficiency scores were compared with the journal rankings given by Journal Citation Reports. As a result of this study, the importance of evaluating the performance of journals using objective criteria has once again been emphasized.

Emerging Technologies in the Development of Metallic and Bimetallic Nanoparticles in the Last Decade: A Scientometric Analysis

The development of nanotechnology and nanomaterials has had an upward surge in recent years, not only because of the type of technology but also because of the unique properties and characteristics of nanomaterials. This growth motivated us to make an analysis of emerging technologies in the development of metallic, bimetallic, and metal-oxide nanoparticles covering a period of ten years, which have had a high impact on the development of different products applied to biomedicine, electronics, agriculture, energy, plastics, etc. This research found more than one and a half million scientific papers under the keyword ‘nanotechnology’ in the Scopus database. This article reports a scientometric analysis where aspects such as articles with the highest number of citations, countries with the highest production, representative institutions in the field, authors and the relation of citations, correlations between them, keyword analysis, as well as the most studied topics in this field were investigated. On the other hand, the number of patents produced was reviewed in a general way. The databases Scopus, Journal Citation Report, VOSviewer, and other computer tools were used for the analysis. The results showed the United States (17.3%) and China (15.3%) as the countries with the greatest impact on studying metallic and bimetallic nanoparticles, with a high correlation between different countries. It is worth highlighting the participation of India with 10.1% and more than twice as many scientific papers as Germany; in the case of patents, the United States and China accounted for 55.3% of the total patents.

An Exploration of Overconfidence and the Disposition Effect in the Stock Market

This paper offers a comprehensive empirical overview of the impact of overconfidence in the stock market, thus contributing to the existing research literature on this topic. The study employs a bibliometric approach that utilizes the VOSviewer to extract and analyze 277 articles registered between 1992 and January 2023. By providing a detailed analysis of the literature, this research expands our understanding of the impact of overconfidence in the stock market and offers avenues for future studies in this area. The results of this analysis are noteworthy, as they reveal several important findings. These include the exponential growth of scientific production in recent decades, the concentration of research in specific journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports, the presence of institutional co-author networks, and the thematic and temporal segregation of financial behavior concepts. The most significant finding of this study is the identification of six major clusters: investor behavior during times of crisis; behavioral finance; herding and risk-taking concepts; psychological and cognitive decisions; emotions and decision-making; and the performance of stocks. This temporal evolution of research demonstrates the emergence of various perspectives on the relationship between individual financial behavior and the global market. This study represents a pioneering effort in the field of bibliometric analysis as it is the first to specifically examine the subject of overconfidence in the stock market using this method.

The global research trends on health risk perception and communication: a bibliometric study and visualization analysis

Background: It is meaningful that both scholars and practitioners recognize the multifaceted nature of health risk perception and communication (HRPC). Extensive studies related to HRPC have been conducted to date. However, no bibliometric analysis has systematically investigated this issue. We aim to identify the current landscape and frontier trends of scientific achievements on HRPC through bibliometric approaches. Methods: Quantitative analysis of publications relating to HRPC from 1999 to 2021 was interpreted and graphed through the Web of Science Core Collection database on October 21, 2022. A variety of quantitative variables was analyzed, including publication and citation counts, H-index, and journal citation reports. Co-authorship, citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analyses were performed for countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords using the VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1,518 original and review articles in English were identified. The United States has considerable influence in this field, with the majority of publications (772, 50.86%), citations (23,951 times), the highest H-index (453), and close collaborations with the United Kingdom and Australia. The most contributive institution was University of North Carolina. The most productive author is Waters EA, followed by Lemyre L and Renner B. However, the relatively low level of research cooperation existed between institutions and authors. Important topics mainly include the connotations, categories, theoretical framework models, and application scenarios of HRPC. Among the promising hotspots, ‘Covid-19,’ ‘pandemic’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’ displayed relatively latest average appearing year. Conclusion: Global trends indicate a growing scientific output on HRPC, and developed countries are leading the way. There is still a need to improve collaboration between research teams. The focus gradually shifts from theoretical research to empirical research. It is recommended to pay attention to the latest hot spots, such as ‘Covid-19’, ‘vaccine hesitancy’, ‘social media’, ‘e-cigarettes’, and ‘mental health’.

Challenges and Perspectives in Scientific Publication of Robotics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study

Challenges and Perspectives in Scientific Publication of Robotics as an Interdisciplinary Field of Study

Female representation among editorial boards of social, clinical, and educational pharmacy journals

Recent studies on editorial team members of healthcare journals have been showing disparities in this distribution. However, there are limited data with respect to pharmacy journals. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of women among editorial board members of social, clinical, and educational pharmacy research journals around the globe. A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2022. Data were extracted from Scimago Journal & Country Rank and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Journal Citation Reports The top 10 journals in each region of the world (continents) were analyzed. Editorial board members were categorized into four groups and determined based on information available on the journal's website. The sex was classified in binary form through name and photography, the personal and institutional web pages, or the Genderize program. A total of 45 journals were identified in the databases, of which 42 of them were analyzed. We identified 1482 editorial board members with only 527 (35.6%) being female. Analyzing the subgroups, there were 47 total editors-in-chief, 44 total co-editors, 272 associate editors, and 1119 editorial advisors. Of these, 10 (21.27%), 21 (47.72%), 115 (42.27%), and 381 (34.04%) were female, respectively. Only 9 journals (21.42%) presented more females among their editorial board members. A notable sex disparity among social, clinical, and educational pharmacy journals' editorial board members was identified. Efforts should be made to involve more female sex in their editorial teams.

Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics: a bibliometric analysis of the 50 most-cited articles from 2012 to 2022.

To identify and analyze the 50 most cited articles on temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and investigate the achievement and development of scientific research about the topic through a bibliometric analysis. On August 22, 2022, a computerized database search was performed to detect papers published in the scientific literature about TADs from 2012 to 2022. Metrics data were identified using the Incites Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics) data set. The Scopus database was used to obtain information on the authors' affiliations, country of origin, and h-index. Key words were automatically harvested from the selected articles to implement the visualized analysis. From a total of 1858 papers screened by searching the database, a list of the top 50 most cited articles was created. The total number of citations collected by the 50 most cited articles in TADs was 2380. Among the 50 most cited articles on TADs, 38 were original research papers (76.0%) and 12 were reviews (24.0%). As shown by the key word-network analysis, Orthodontic anchorage procedure was identified as the larger node. Findings of this bibliometric study showed an increasing number of citations for papers on TADs, accompanied by a simultaneous rise in scientific interest in this topic in the past decade. The present work identifies the most influential articles, emphasizing the journals, the authors, and the topics addressed.

Trends of mitochondrial changes in AD: a bibliometric study.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive progress and memory loss, which eventually develops into dementia. It can cause personality disorders and decreased quality of life of patients. Currently, AD patients account for 60-70% of global dementia patients and the incidence rate of AD is increasing annually. AD not only causes pain to patients but also brings a heavy burden to the entire family. Studies have found that there is a connection between mitochondrial dysfunction and other biochemical changes in AD like classical neuropathological hallmarks (β-amyloid and tau protein), inflammation pathways, oxidative stress, and so on. Evidence shows that early treatment targeted directly to mitochondria could extend the lifespan of model mice and decrease the relevant neuropathological markers. Therefore, research on the mitochondrial dysfunction of AD can be of potential significance for clinical treatment. To date, few bibliometric analysis articles related to mitochondrial dysfunction of AD have been published. Bibliometric analysis refers to quantitatively analyzing certain aspects of articles like publishers, authors, and countries by using statistical and mathematical methods. Combined with statistical software, a large number of papers can be converted to visualization figures and tables, which provide vital information such as keyword hotspots and the names of contributing authors. Through the bibliometric analysis method, our study aimed to provide study trends and keyword hotpots for researchers to conduct further relevant research in this field. We used the Web of Science core collection database as a literature retrieval tool to obtain data related to mitochondrial changes in Alzheimer's disease during the last 20 years. The retrieval type was [TS = (Alzheimer's disease)] ND [TS = (mitochondrion)], ranging from January 1, 2000 to June 30, 2022. VOSviewer v1.6.18, Arcgis 10.8, and HistCite pro 2.1 were used to conduct data visualization analysis. VOSviewer v1.6.18 made relevant network visualization maps of the cooperative relationship between relevant countries, institutions, and authors (co-authorship), the frequency of different keywords appearing together (co-occurrence), and the frequency of different articles cited together (co-cited). Arcgis 10.8 created the world map of publications distribution in this field and Histcite pro 2.1 was used to count the local citation score (LCS) of references. In addition, Journal Citation Reports were used to consult the latest journal import factor and JCI quartile. As of June 30, 2022, from the Web of Science core collection, we selected 2,474 original articles in English, excluding the document types of the news items, meeting abstracts, and some articles that had little relevance to our theme. The United States acted as the leader and enjoyed a high reputation in this field. The University of California System was the institution that made the greatest contribution (3.64% with 90 papers). Most articles were published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (8.21%, with 203 papers). The most frequently co-cited journal in Q1 was the Journal of Biological Chemistry (8,666 citations, TLS: 1039591). Russel H. Swerdlow (55 publications) was the most productive author and PH Reddy was the most co-cited author with 1,264 citations (TLS: 62971). The hotpots of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD were as follows: "oxidative stress," "amyloid-beta-protein," "tau," "apoptosis," "inflammation," "autophagy," "precursor protein," "endoplasmic-reticulum," "dynamics" and "mitochondrial unfolded protein response." This bibliometric analysis research will help readers rapidly identify current hotpots and milestone studies related to directions of interest in AD research.

Characterizing the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the orthopaedic surgery literature

While the novel Coronavirus 2019 disease’s (COVID-19) impact on the practice of orthopaedics has been readily apparent, the effects of COVID-19 on the orthopaedic literature has not been studied. The objective of this paper is to analyze the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on peer-reviewed articles published in the orthopaedic surgery literature. Using the Journal Citation Reports, twenty orthopaedic surgery journals with the highest impact factor in 2019 were selected and articles within those journals were sorted by mention of COVID-19. The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) and citation count were collected and compared for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 related articles using the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, within COVID-19 related articles, AAS and citation count were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test between sub specialty of orthopaedics, type of article, study type, and quarter of publication. The average AAS of COVID-19 articles was significantly higher than non-COVID articles (15 vs. 6, p=0.019). Within COVID-19 articles, those pertaining to spine and trauma had a significantly lower AAS than those pertaining to orthopaedics as a whole (20 & 6 vs 51, p<0.001). The average number of citations accrued by COVID-19 articles was significantly higher than non-COVID-19 articles (8 vs. 1, p<0.001). Original COVID-19 articles received significantly more citations than editorial articles (10 vs. 5, p<0.001), as well as those published in the second quarter of 2020 compared to those published later (p<0.001). Orthopaedic articles related to COVID-19 demonstrated a greater influence, dissemination, and impact than articles not related to COVID-19 as demonstrated by AAS and citations accrued.

Marketing Journal Rankings: Active Scholar Assessment

Abstract Journal rankings convey important information to researchers and influence processes related to promotion, remuneration, research funding, and resource allocation in academe. The present research uses direct responses from an international sample of 203 active marketing scholars in a web-based survey to endogenously rank 138 marketing journals by quality, awareness, and importance. We employ regression estimation with nested random journal-within-tier effects to comprehensively rank the marketing journals into four ordered tiers (A–D), and then in turn, subdivide journals in each tier, into “upper,” “middle,” and “lower” groups (e.g. Tier A: A+, A and A−). Our methodology, Active Scholar Assessment (ASA), produces an independent ranking of marketing journals that aggregates individual expert opinion regarding journals by researchers from 68 countries. Subsequently, we compare our ASA-developed marketing journal rankings and categories with prominent citation-based ranking systems (Scimago, Clarivate Analytics’ Journal Citation Reports, Association of Business Schools, and the Australian Business Deans Council) to demonstrate that the opinions of active scholars are comparatively more stable and capture additional information (that is not reflected by computations based solely on citations), and provide useful strategic information and direction to scholars.

Trends in Female Authorship in Orthopaedic Literature from 2002 to 2021: An Analysis of 168,451 Authors.

Significant gender disparity exists in orthopaedic surgery. While women have increasingly entered the field, we are short of the critical mass needed to drive change, including in authorship. This study aimed to characterize trends in authorship in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals in the context of gender. This is a cross-sectional bibliometric study of orthopaedic journals in the United States. Articles that were indexed in the orthopaedic category of the Clarivate Journal Citation Report (JCR) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) were analyzed (n = 82). Journals not originating from the U.S. (n = 43) or not considered primarily orthopaedic journals (n = 13) were excluded. The 2020 impact factors (IFs) of the remaining 26 journals were recorded. The articles underwent automated data collection from PubMed for January 2002 to December 2021 using R software to collect the title, the journal, the publication year, the first and senior author names, and the country of origin. Gender was determined by Gender API ( https://gender-api.com ). Names with <90% accuracy were excluded. Overall, 168,451 names were studied, with 85,845 and 82,606 first and senior authors, respectively. Of the first and senior authors, 13.6% and 9.9%, respectively, were female. The proportion of female first authors was significantly greater than the proportion of female senior authors. The average IF was significantly higher for male authors compared with female authors (p < 0.005). Articles with female first authors were significantly more likely to have a female senior author. Orthopaedic subspecialty journals had a smaller proportion of manuscripts authored by female first and senior authors than general journals (p < 0.0001). There were 4,451 articles written by a single author, of which 92% (4,093) were written by a man and 8% (358) were written by a woman. Over the 20-year study period, the proportion of female first authorship exhibited a significant positive trend; however, there was a non-significant increase in female senior authorship. Female representation in orthopaedics has been growing over the past decade. Increasing publication rates of female authors reveal steps toward positive gender equity in the field and present an opportunity for female leadership visibility, illustrating the capabilities of women in orthopaedics and encouraging more women to join the field.