Journal Citation Reports Research Articles

Impact of selective reporting bias on stroke trials: potential compromise in evidence synthesis - A cross-sectional study

BackgroundAccurate reporting of outcomes is crucial for interpreting the results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, selectively reporting outcomes in publications to achieve researchers’ anticipated results still occurs frequently. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of selective reporting of outcomes in RCTs on treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS), identify factors contributing to this issue, and assess its potential impact on the degree and direction of intervention effect.MethodsA search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to collect interventional RCTs on AIS published from 2020 to 2022. Full texts of RCTs were reviewed, and only those reporting International Clinical Trials Registry Platform primary registry numbers were included. Registration information of the RCTs was extracted from the registry platforms and compared with the publications’ details to assess the selective reporting of outcomes. Bayesian multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the reasons behind selective reporting.ResultsAmong the total of 159 AIS RCTs identified, 82 (51.6%) were ultimately included, as they reported registration numbers, which encompassed 819 outcomes. Among them, 72 RCTs (87.8%) and 497 outcomes (60.7%) exhibited selective reporting. Omission-type selective reporting (downgrading, omitting, or ambiguously reporting) accounted for 36.4%, while addition-type selective reporting (upgrading, adding, or altering the measurement scope of outcomes) comprised 63.6%. Omission-type selective reporting correlated with negative results (OR: 7.39; 95% CI: 4.08—13.44), whereas addition-type selective reporting correlated with positive results (OR: 2.07; 95% CI: 1.34—3.26) and publication in journals that are not in the top quartile of the Journal Citation Reports (OR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.15—5.38).ConclusionsRegistered interventional AIS RCTs still face significant issues regarding selective reporting of outcomes. Therefore, it is necessary to further evaluate the influence of selective reporting bias on the positive results obtained from individual AIS RCTs and the systematic reviews based on these RCTs.

The Impact of Social Media on Otolaryngology Literature: Analyzing the Correlation Between Altmetrics and Citation Count.

The altmetric attention score (AAS) is an alternative metric that tracks article sharing via online platforms, reflecting an article's online attention trend. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of social media on Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) literature and analyze the correlation between AAS and citation count. A retrospective review of otolaryngology journal article citation data and Altmetric attention score. The top 10 OHNS journals with highest impact factors were identified using the Journal Citation Reports (JCR). The number of citations in 2018 and 2019 were extracted from JCR and AAS was extracted from the altmetrics website. The primary outcome of this study was to establish whether a correlation between AAS and citation count exists, and whether AAS could serve as a valid alternative metric to assess the quality of individual articles. By analyzing data from 3729 articles, a weak statistically significant positive correlation was identified between AAS and citation count (r = 0.18, P < .001), and between number of citations and Twitter activity (r = 0.18, P < .001). In addition, a statistically significant strong correlation was seen between Twitter activity and AAS (r = 0.79, P < .001). The current results clearly illustrate a weak correlation between AAS and citations and between Twitter activity and citations. Due to various limitations, the use of AAS should be limited to serve as a complementary metric to the current gold standard rather than an alternative metric.

Essential Reads in Rhinology: A Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract Aims Rhinology is a progressive subspecialty within otolaryngology. Bibliometric analysis is a powerful method to survey the landscape of literature on a specific topic and identify publication trends. We aimed to analyze the 50 most impactful English-language rhinology manuscripts of all time to create a targeted reading list for otolaryngologists. Material and Methods The Journal Citation Report within the Web of Science database was utilized to identify articles relating to rhinology. Web of Science Research categories were restricted to otolaryngology. The articles were then ranked by number of citations. The top 50 articles of all time ranked by number of citations were analyzed. The articles were analyzed for publication year, journal impact factor, citation density, first author (FA), and senior author (SA) name, country, and institution. Statistical analyses were performed. Results Most articles were published in the 2000s (N = 22, 44%) and 1990s (N = 11, 22%). Male FA (N = 37, 74%) and SA (N = 43, 86%) published most articles. Most articles were clinical studies (N = 36, 72%) followed by clinical guidelines/expert opinions. Most articles were published in the United States (N = 28, 56%) and England (N = 9, 18%). There were more female FAs of guidelines/position papers than basic lab, reviews, and clinical studies. England had more female FAs than other countries, and the United States had more female SA. There was an average of 585.2 citations per study. Conclusion This investigation highlights the most influential literature within rhinology. The most impactful studies are consensus statements, large multicenter studies, and technique studies. Significant gender disparities in authorship exist.

Trends and insights in animal and biomedical research: A 5-year scientometric analysis of orthodontic peer-reviewed journals

Biomedical research plays a critical role in advancing orthodontic innovations by identifying new targets for therapeutic interventions and developing more effective, personalized orthodontic treatment. This study evaluates the major contributors and trends in animal-related orthodontic research over the past 5 years (2017-2023). All animal-related studies published in the eight orthodontic journals listed in the 2022 Journal Citation Reports between January 2017 and June 2023 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. After examination, the following bibliometric data were extracted from each article: title, authors, affiliations, geographic origin, year of publication, journal name, and keywords. Multiple bibliometric software packages including Biblioshiny R-package software, Datawrapper, and Datasmith were used to analyze different bibliometric outcomes. A total of 3669 articles were screened from which 266 were selected and included in the analysis. The annual growth rate of production exhibited a decline of 11.18%. Most of the included studies focused on orthodontic tooth movement (32.3%), mainly utilizing rat models (50%). Although the United States accounted for the highest number of publications (n = 236), the trend in funded research showed a decreasing trajectory over time, with notably limited funding from the National Institutes of Health. This study reveals a declining trend in overall animal-related orthodontic research, highlighted by a significant decrease in National Institutes of Health funding over time. To address this gap, academic institutions and professional organizations should support initiatives fostering biomedical orthodontic research.

Journal Metrics of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery: An Analysis Based on the Journal Citation Report 2024.

This study aims the analysis of the journal metrics of Journal of Craniofacial Surgery based on 2024 Journal Citation Reports (JCR) data. In the Journal Citation Reports 2024, shared by Clarivate Analytics on June 20, 2024, the journal metrics of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery were examined in detail. According to the reports published by Clarivate Analytics in 2024, the journal's impact factor in 2023 was determined as 1.0 and the impact factor excluding self-citations was calculated as 0.8. These values show that the impact factor of the journal has increased in recent years. Also, it is seen that the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, which has been in the fourth quartile (Q4) among the journals in the "Surgery" category for the last 10 years, has risen to the third quartile (Q3) this year. The increase in the impact factor and ranking of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery shows that the journal has strengthened its position in the scientific field and is moving toward higher levels. However, it is suggested that other metrics should be taken into consideration in addition to the impact factor.

Do infographics ‘spin’ the findings of health and medical research?

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of ‘spin’, and specific reporting strategies for spin, between infographics, abstracts and full texts of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting non-significant findings in the field of...

Evaluation of Health Care Science and Services Journals: Impact Factors and Ranking Indicators

ABSTRACT Assessing the quality of journals in the realm of health care science and services is an intricate and vital pursuit, especially given the swift evolution of health care research amidst global challenges and technological progress. Bibliometric indicators have emerged as indispensable instruments for quantifying and comparing the impact, reach, and significance of scholarly contributions. In this study, a range of bibliometric indicators, including Impact Factor, Eigenfactor Score, Cite Score, and h-index, were utilized. We curated a list of 105 health care science and services journals using data from the Journal Citation Report (JCR) within the Web of Science (WOS), journal metrics from the Scopus database (Cite Score and SNIP), and h5-index from Google Scholar. Additionally, the SCImago Journal Ranking (SJR) was obtained from its official website. Subsequently, Bivariate Pearson’s (r) and Spearman’s (ρ) correlation coefficient tests were conducted to evaluate ranking correlations. The findings revealed strong Pearson’s (r) statistical correlations between JIF and CS (r = 0.908) and between JIF and SJR (r = 0.875), while moderate correlations were observed between JIF and H5-median, H5-index, and SNIP (r = 0.769, r = 0.730, and r = 0.645, respectively). Spearman’s rho analysis indicated high correlations between JIF and CS (ρ = 0.907) and between JIF and SJR (ρ = 0.863), with lower correlations among H5-median, SNIP, and H5-index indicators (ρ = 0.798, ρ = 0.763, and ρ = 0.750, respectively).

Is there an editorial glass ceiling? Editorial leadership in nephrology and transplantation journals: A gender-based cross-sectional analysis.

Editors-in-Chief (EiC) play a key role as gatekeepers in academic medicine, often shaping research agendas. Women have historically been underrepresented in editorial leadership roles in academic medicine. The purpose of this study was to examine gender representation among EiC of contemporary transplantation and nephrology journals. This cross-sectional study evaluated gender disparities among EiC of transplantation and nephrology medical journals. The study population was drawn from journals in two subject categories (1) 'Transplantation' and (2) 'Urology and Nephrology' in the 2023 Journal Citation Reports. Binary gender classification (woman/man) was determined by the names/pronouns used to describe the EiC on the journal or institutional webpage. The primary outcome was the proportion of women EiC. Secondary outcome was the proportion of women EiC based on journal topic, location and metrics. Descriptive statistics were used. Gender differences were compared using students t-test or Fisher's exact test. A total of 79 EiC were identified of which 16 (20%) were women and 63 (80%) were men (p < .001). Transplantation and nephrology journals had 21% and 20% women EiC, respectively. The proportion of women to men EiC was not impacted by journal category (p = .93), journal location (p = .61), journal impact factor (p = .71) or quartile (p = .59). There was a disparity in gender representation in EiC in nephrology and transplantation journals, with men holding 80% of all positions. These findings, among growing evidence of gender disparity, highlight a need for targeted efforts to promote gender equity in academic medicine.

Knowledge structure and research hotspots on digital scanning for implant-supported complete-arch prosthesis: A bibliometric analysis

BackgroundDigital scanning is increasingly widely used for implant-supported complete-arch prosthese. However, a quantitative literature analysis is lacking for this field. This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to summarize the knowledge structure and research hotspots of digital scanning for implant-supported complete-arch prosthesis. Materials and methodsRelevant articles and reviews, published between 1994 and 2023, were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Indicators such as publication count, annual growth, citation count, co-citation count, impact factor, Journal citation reports (JCR) division, H-index are used to assess the contribution of countries, journals, authors or the quality of articles. Visual maps, cluster analysis and keyword cloud are used to evaluate the cooperation pattern and topic trends. Results580 eligible publications, including 555 articles and 25 reviews, were analyzed. The United States is the leading country in this area, received the most citations. The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry is the scientific journal with the highest impact. The analysis of keywords and ongoing trials shows that the accuracy of relevant techniques is a current hot topic in this field. ConclusionIn recent years, digital scanning technique for implant-supported complete-arch prosthesis has made rapid progress. By reviewing the published literature, we found the United States is the global leader in the field of digital scanning for complete-arch implant prosthesis. Accuracy is the core word in this field, more scientific evidence is needed to support the clinical application of digital scanning in this field.

Which orthodontic articles are accessed online the most? Exploring article usage metrics along with citations and altmetrics.

To investigate the current state of article usage metrics in orthodontics. Out of all orthodontic journals listed in Journal Citation Reports 2022, the European Journal of Orthodontics and The Angle Orthodontist fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All journal issues published in 2021 were scrutinized for original research articles and systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and the following features were collected: article type, subject, title, number of words and authors, Altmetric Attention Score (AAS), X (formerly Twitter) posts, and Mendeley reads. Article citations, number of publications, and h-index of the last authors were retrieved from Web of Science (WoS). 181 articles were considered eligible. The median number of views and downloads of included articles was 1296 (range: 355-10,233) and 793 (range: 167-3629). Page views, downloads, and total views were significantly correlated with WoS citations (rho > 0.345; P < .001). There was no correlation between usage metrics, AAS, X posts, and Mendeley reads. Number of downloads were significantly higher in studies dealing with new technologies, and where the last author had 1-40 publications or an h-index of 0-30. Page views, downloads, and total views were positively correlated with WoS citations and, therefore, may serve as an early estimate of future citations. Significant variations in article downloads may be expected in relation to article subject, scientific productivity, and impact of the last authors.

A Bibliometric Study from 1992 to 2023 on the Relationship between Biological Clock and Diabetes.

A bibliometric study was conducted to gain deeper insights into the current state of research on diabetes and the biological clock (BC). The study involved a comprehensive search for literature related to diabetes and BC published between 1992 and 2023 in the Web of Science database. Ninety-five articles were published in 65 journals, with six of these journals not included in the Journal Citation Reports as of 2022. Among the remaining 59 journals, 10 had an impact factor (IF) greater than 10, and 21 had an IF greater than 5. Twenty-nine journals belonged to Quartile 1, while 16 journals were part of Quartile 2. The articles were contributed by researchers from 22 countries, with the Netherlands and the USA being the most prolific contributors. However, the total number of citations for articles from the USA was significantly higher than that of the Netherlands. The co-occurrence analysis of title and abstract keywords primarily focused on investigating the mechanisms of BC. Regarding author keywords and keyword-plus, the co-occurrence analysis centered around diabetes and BC. International collaboration was prominent among developed countries, with the Netherlands, the USA, and France being major participants. Institution- wise cooperation primarily occurred between two research institutions in the Netherlands. In total, the 95 articles received 5,157 citations, averaging 54.28 citations per article. To foster advancements in this area, more attention and international cooperation are necessary. Emphasizing collaborative efforts can drive the development of novel approaches to manage diabetes and regulate blood glucose levels effectively.

A Systematic Literature Review on AC Microgrids

The objective of this work is to analyze and compare AC microgrid (ACMG) solutions to introduce the topic to new researchers. The methodology used to achieve this goal is a systematic literature review using five questions: (1) How have ACMGs evolved in five years? (2) What are the standards for ACMGs? (3) What are the different schemes for connecting MGs to the utility grid? (4) What are the different control schemes in ACMGs? (5) What is an appropriate way to compare results when working with ACMGs? The articles were published in Q1/Q2 journals as based on either the Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) and/or the Journal Citation Report (JCR) between 2018 and 2022 and were from three databases: (1) Web of Science (WoS), (2) Scopus, and (3) IEEE Xplore. Publications not describing pure ACMGs, review papers, publications not related to the questions, and papers describing work that did not meet a quality assessment were excluded, resulting in 34 articles being included in this review. Results show: (1) the energy sources and AC bus nature of microgrids over five years, (2) the identification and quantification of cited standards for microgrids, (3) the pros and cons of different schemes for connecting an AC microgrid to the main grid, (4) the control schemes, classified in a hierarchical control structure, and (5) the simulation tools and experimental benches used in microgrids. Most studies considered a generic energy source and a low-voltage three-phase AC bus, 16 standards were found, and the most cited standard was IEEE Standard 1547. The most common connection scheme to the utility grid was a direct connection, most of the works proposed a modification to a hierarchical control system scheme, and the most common simulation tool was MATLAB. The preferred experimental setup consisted of parallel inverters for testing a control scheme, a prototype when proposing a power electronic system, and a laboratory microgrid for testing fault detection methods.

Real influence: A novel approach to characterize the visibility of journals and publications

Abstract For the last 50 years, the journal impact factor (IF) has been the most prominent of all bibliometric indicators. Since the first Journal Citation Report was launched, the IF has been used, often improperly, to evaluate institutions, publications, and individuals. Its well-known significant technical limitations have not detracted from its popularity, and they contrast with the lack of consensus over the numerous alternatives suggested as complements or replacements. This paper presents a percentile-distribution-based proposal for assessing the influence of scientific journals and publications that corrects several of the IF’s main technical limitations using the same set of documents as is used to calculate the IF. Nearly 400 journals of Library Science and Information Science and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology categories were analyzed for this purpose. The results show that the new indicator retains many of its predecessor’s advantages and adds benefits of its own: It is more accurate, more gaming resistant, more complete, and less influenced by the citation window or extreme observations.

The policies on the use of large language models in radiological journals are lacking: a meta-research study

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether and how the radiological journals present their policies on the use of large language models (LLMs), and identify the journal characteristic variables that are associated with the presence.MethodsIn this meta-research study, we screened Journals from the Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Category, 2022 Journal Citation Reports, excluding journals in non-English languages and relevant documents unavailable. We assessed their LLM use policies: (1) whether the policy is present; (2) whether the policy for the authors, the reviewers, and the editors is present; and (3) whether the policy asks the author to report the usage of LLMs, the name of LLMs, the section that used LLMs, the role of LLMs, the verification of LLMs, and the potential influence of LLMs. The association between the presence of policies and journal characteristic variables was evaluated.ResultsThe LLM use policies were presented in 43.9% (83/189) of journals, and those for the authors, the reviewers, and the editor were presented in 43.4% (82/189), 29.6% (56/189) and 25.9% (49/189) of journals, respectively. Many journals mentioned the aspects of the usage (43.4%, 82/189), the name (34.9%, 66/189), the verification (33.3%, 63/189), and the role (31.7%, 60/189) of LLMs, while the potential influence of LLMs (4.2%, 8/189), and the section that used LLMs (1.6%, 3/189) were seldomly touched. The publisher is related to the presence of LLM use policies (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe presence of LLM use policies is suboptimal in radiological journals. A reporting guideline is encouraged to facilitate reporting quality and transparency.Critical relevance statementIt may facilitate the quality and transparency of the use of LLMs in scientific writing if a shared complete reporting guideline is developed by stakeholders and then endorsed by journals.Key PointsThe policies on LLM use in radiological journals are unexplored.Some of the radiological journals presented policies on LLM use.A shared complete reporting guideline for LLM use is desired.Graphical

The 100 highest-cited original articles in large vessel occlusions: A bibliometric analysis.

Large vessel occlusions (LVO) are a common etiology of morbidity and mortality. The current literature lacks a synthesis of the landscape and trends in research. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited original articles on LVOs to assess the current state of research. Scopus database was queried from inception to December 2022 to identify the most cited original articles from 4506 retrieved records on LVOs. Publication year, country of origin, total and average annual citation count, and type of study were collected for each article. The journal impact factor (JIF) was obtained from the Journal Citation Reports database. The articles were published between 1994 and 2021, with most (n = 82) published during the 2011-2020decade. The median total citation count was 108.5, with an interquartile range (IQR) of 81-149.5. The median (IQR) average annual citation count was 15.9 (11.5-22.9). Half of the articles were published in Stroke (n = 35) and Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery (n = 15), with JIFs ranging from 1.8 to 202.7. The USA was the leading country in contributing to LVO research (n = 45). Most studies focused on the treatment (n = 63) and diagnosis (n = 22) of LVOs. Most articles were published during the past decade, highlighting the impact of the clinical trials of endovascular treatment on the discipline. With several ongoing clinical trials on the horizon, continued growth of the field is anticipated in the upcoming decades.

Defining and distinguishing early life stress, trauma, adversity, toxic and chronic stress and allostatic load: a descriptive review.

Various concepts are used to study the impact of stress on childhood development. These concepts are often used inconsistently or interchangeably. Our main objectives were to determine how selected stress concepts (chronic stress, toxic stress, allostatic load, early life stress, childhood adversity, childhood trauma and adverse childhood experiences; ACEs) are defined, operationalized and described, and to provide a theoretical context to aid the choice for a preferred concept in public health research. For this descriptive review, we systematically searched for literature published before 4 August 2021, on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Two independent reviewers included studies. Exclusion criteria were: no systematic review, not peer reviewed, not published in English, selected stress concepts were no predetermined variable or a substantial topic in the discussion, full text was unobtainable or study described non-human or non-childhood populations. Data extraction forms were used. Descriptives were gathered, publication fields were identified through Journal Citation Reports categories, and verbatim descriptions were ordered in text and Venn diagrams. Of 264 screened studies, 124 were included. ACEs, childhood adversity and childhood trauma were used most. ACEs were the main concept used most frequently (47.6%). A total of 11 of 14 public and environmental health journals used ACEs. All concepts refer to prolonged, repeated, interpersonal stress from 0 to 18 years, that can alter physiological systems. Four concepts were stressor oriented, two concepts focused on stress response and effect and one on the state of challenged homeostasis. ACEs seem most fitting for public health setting, due to their operationalizability, large set of core experiences and widespread use.

A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications by Anesthesia Departments in the United Arab Emirates.

The scholarly academic productivity and publication activities of anesthesia departments within the United Arab Emirates (UAE) are currently unknown. We undertook a bibliometric study to quantify UAE anesthetists' contributions to various categories of articles in peer-reviewed high-impact anesthesia journals. Using a PubMed-based analysis, we studied the contribution of United Arab Emirates (UAE) anesthetists towards publications in eight high-impact anesthesia journals (represented in the database for 2023 from Journal Citation Reports®, Thomson Scientific) and four anesthesia subspecialty journals over five years ranging from 2019 to 2023. Additionally, we searched each journal's website for publications related to the individual region of the UAE. We included all categories of articles except correspondences (not free-standing), meeting abstracts, and book reviews. We analyzed the following subsets comprehensively: region of the UAE, author's affiliation to the anesthesia department, publication focus, first authorship, and corresponding author status. UAE anesthetists were involved in 31 publications during the five-year study period. Over 25% of publications originated from the UAE; others were international collaborations. Overall, the anesthesia publication rate in the UAE was less than one per year for one million inhabitants. Only five hospitals contributed more than one publication. The Abu Dhabi Emirate's two main cities (Abu Dhabi and Al Ain) contributed 71% of publications. The UAE anesthetists' primary publication focus was regional anesthesia, medication error, and neurosurgical anesthesia in either the review or original articles category. Our study reveals that the current academic publication output from the anesthesia departments in the UAE is minimal. Our analysis suggests the need for increased scholarly activity, which could significantly advance anesthesia research and practice in the UAE.

Valorization of animal waste proteins for agricultural, food production, and medicinal applications

IntroductionAnimal waste proteins have been increasing in the past decade, along with consumer demands. Their huge volume and the environmental issues caused by improper treatment probably pose a massive threat to human health. These animal waste proteins contain many valuable bioactive peptides and can be used not only as nutrient substances but also as primary functional ingredients in many industries, including agriculture, food, and pharmaceuticals. However, the advancement of the value-added application of animal waste proteins within the past 10 years has not been elucidated yet. In this regard, this paper scrutinized the studies on the applications of hydrolysates and peptides from animal waste proteins throughout the last decade, hoping to display a whole picture of their value-adding applications.MethodsThe Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched from January 1, 2013, to December 12, 2023. This review included field trials, in vitro and in vivo assays, and in silico analysis based on literature surveys or proteolysis simulation. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by Journal Citation Reports, and the rationality of the discussion of studies included.ResultsNumerous studies were performed on the application potential of hydrolysates and peptides of animal waste proteins in agricultural, food, and medicinal industries. Particularly, due to the nutritional value, safety, and especially competitive effects, the peptide with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, or antithrombotic activities can be used as a primary functional ingredient in food and pharmaceuticals.DiscussionThese value-added applications of animal waste proteins could be a step towards sustainable animal by-products management, and simultaneously, open new avenues in the rapid development of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. However, further studies on the bioavailability and structure-activity relationship are required to verify their therapeutic effects.

Quo Vadis, University? A Roadmap for AI and Ethics in Higher Education

In recent years, academic interest in new developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its ethical challenges in higher education has increased. The new emerging technologies that have become popular among the university community in recent times require an exhaustive study to evaluate their impact on academic integrity and plagiarism. The main stakeholders in higher education (SoTL, educational authorities, and policymakers) must understand the new trends and the most relevant studies to have action guides that preserve academic integrity standards in deploying AI in the university. This research analyzes scientific articles published in high-impact journals indexed in the Journal Citation Reports (JCR) (n=254) and carries out a bibliometric study using VOSviewer 1.6.18 and WordStat 2023.1. The Normalized Impact per Document (NID) and per Year (NIY) are studied, and four thematic groups and twelve main themes are identified and discussed, allowing the internal research structure of this field of study to be determined. Based on the findings, a roadmap for implementing AI in higher education is proposed, preserving ethical standards and based on three levels (Micro, Meso, Macro). This study offers practical implications for SoTL, academic authorities, and policymakers. Furthermore, the evidence found allows editors of high-impact journals to advise on unclosed gaps and new research trends and new research trends in the area.

Exploring the fragility of meta-analyses in ophthalmology: a systematic review.

The fragility index (FI) of a meta-analysis evaluates the extent that the statistical significance can be changed by modifying the event status of individuals from included trials. Understanding the FI improves the interpretation of the results of meta-analyses and can help to inform changes to clinical practice. This review determined the fragility of ophthalmology-related meta-analyses. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials with binary outcomes published in a journal classified as 'Ophthalmology' according to the Journal Citation Report or an Ophthalmology-related Cochrane Review were included. An iterative process determined the FI of each meta-analysis. Multivariable linear regression modeling evaluated the relationship between the FI and potential predictive factors in statistically significant and non-significant meta-analyses. 175 meta-analyses were included. The median FI was 6 (Q1-Q3: 3-12). This meant that moving 6 outcomes from one group to another would reverse the study's findings. The FI was 1 for 18 (10.2%) of the included meta-analyses and was ≤5 for 75 (42.4%) of the included meta-analyses. The number of events (p < 0.001) and the p-value (p < 0.001) were the best predictors of the FI in both significant and non-significant meta-analyses. The statistical significance of meta-analyses in ophthalmology often hinges on the outcome of a few patients. The number of events and the p-value are the most important factors in determining the fragility of the evidence. The FI is an easily interpretable measure that can supplement the reader's understanding of the strength of the evidence being presented. CRD42022377589.