Joint Responsibility Research Articles

First steps towards shared print collaboration in Sweden

PurposeThis paper reports the development in Sweden during the last few years on shared print cooperation. In June 2022, 30 libraries signed a letter of intent on cooperation on preservation and withdrawal of print material. By taking joint responsibility for long-term preservation, libraries aim to secure access as well as diversity and breadth in the collections. Design/methodology/approachAs a first practical step, the working group is conducting a national collection analysis using metadata in the national catalog LIBRIS.FindingsThe paper presents the preliminary results of the collection analysis and discusses the next steps for the collaboration. Originality/valueThe Swedish collaboration is one of many European and international collaborations on print archiving, and as such being of interest to a global library field.

Artificial Intelligence in the Russian Media and Journalism: The Issue of Ethics

Artificial intelligence is gradually being integrated into the work of Russian media and journalists, spreading to various areas of media practices, in particular, information search and fact-checking; speech, sound, and image recognition; prioritization of topics, creation of texts, and their targeted distribution, etc. Such Russian media companies as Interfax, Sports.ru, RIA Novosti are regarded as leaders in this field. With the development of AI, the professional media community inevitably faces new challenges in the ethical regulation of media practices, their correlation with the daily moral issues for editors and journalists. Based on the rich history of foreign and domestic discourse concerning the philosophical and ethical problems of artificial intelligence, as well as analyzing the codes of ethical regulation of AI developments in different countries, the authors highlight the main provisions that need to be taken into account in the process of developing ethical standards for the use of artificial intelligence in media and journalism. The main issues that require mandatory codification include: preservation of the right of the audience to receive information about the interaction with artificial intelligence and transparency in this area on the part of editorial offices; a ban on the transfer of powers to artificial intelligence in matters of moral choice when preparing media content; joint responsibility of the editorial board and software developers for the consequences of the work of artificial intelligence systems, determining the range of potential topics for which the use of artificial intelligence is ethically unacceptable, etc. These recommendations are an invitation to a discussion in media and academic communities about the need for ethical codification of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in media and journalism.

Proposed Procedures for Developing Managerial Performance of the Faculties of Al-Azhar University in The Light of Strategic Flexibility Approach

Objectives: The study aimed to present proposed procedures for developing the managerial performance of Al-Azhar University faculties in light of strategic flexibility approach (strategic sensitivity, clarity of vision, core capabilities, selection of strategic goals, joint responsibility, and responsiveness) by recognizing the degree of the importance of practicing its dimensions from the faculty members viewpoint, and calculating the statistically significant differences among the sample members about the degree of importance of their practice, attributed to the study variables (scientific degree - college nature - college headquarters or branch).
 Methods: The study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire consisting of (36) items, which was applied to a sample of (587) faculty members at the university to collect data.
 Results: The study concluded with the agreement of the sample members on the importance of practicing the dimensions of strategic flexibility for the development of managerial performance at Al-Azhar University faculties with a degree of “very important” and with a mean of (4.44), there are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) attributed to the study variables (scientific degree- the college nature- The college headquarters or branch), and the study presented proposed procedures to develop the institutional performance at Al-Azhar University.
 Conclusions: The study recommended the importance of adopting the proposed procedures to develop managerial performance through the application of the dimensions of strategic flexibility at Al-Azhar University and in other Egyptian universities, due to the similarity of structures and systems in these universities, and the importance of the university’s administrative, financial and academic independence so that it is able to adapt to various variables, and to attract qualified scientific and administrative staff.

Career management training in the university environment

In this paper we evaluate and confirm the effectiveness of including curriculum training on career management as a component of university studies. The behaviour of the students in this study was modified by the uncertainty created by the crisis in the labour market due to the pandemic.Our results confirm that universities need to develop the generic and academic skills demanded by the labour market in order to provide their students with comprehensive training while also taking joint responsibility for developing their students’ career management skills.

Climate‐linked compensation, societal values, and climate change impact: International evidence

AbstractResearch question/issueWe examine whether linking executive compensation to climate‐related performance is associated with better firm‐level climate change impact. We also explore the interaction of culture and climate‐linked incentive compensation with climate change impact.Research findings/insightsUsing firm‐level climate change strategy and carbon emissions to measure climate change impacts, we find that climate‐linked compensation is associated with improved climate change strategy. Climate‐related incentives for the CEO and other (operational) executives are found to be negatively associated with firm‐level carbon emissions, although the relationship is not as strong; however, no such association is found for climate‐linked compensation of the board and top‐3 executives. Country‐level attitudes to whether solutions for environmental issues are considered a joint (society) responsibility versus an individual's personal responsibility are found to have an effect on the association between climate‐linked compensation and climate change impacts. We also find that country‐level cultural views enhance the positive association between climate‐linked compensation and climate change strategy but not the association with actual firm‐level carbon emissions. Further analysis shows that non‐US firms drive our study's findings. Finally, improvement in climate strategy is found to have a positive effect on Tobin's Q but has no effect on profitability.Theoretical/academic implicationsAcademic research is growing on the role of climate change risk and carbon emissions in corporate decisions. The findings of our study are important given that linking executives' compensation with climate performance is gaining momentum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine any link between climate‐linked compensation and climate change impact.Practitioner/policy implicationsWhile climate‐linked compensation is associated with positive changes in climate strategy, its association with firm‐level carbon emissions is promising. This is particularly the case when this compensation is offered to executives who are likely to make operational decisions with a direct impact on a firm's carbon footprint and carbon emissions.

Three Silver Debt Notes from Kalḫu in the Collection of Jørgen Læssøe, with a Discussion of the Neo-Assyrian Joint Responsibility Clause (ša karimūni)

Article Three Silver Debt Notes from Kalḫu in the Collection of Jørgen Læssøe, with a Discussion of the Neo-Assyrian Joint Responsibility Clause (ša karimūni) was published on November 29, 2022 in the journal Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie (volume 0, issue 0).

Profits First, Safety Second

This article argues that while workplaces are safer today than they were 50 years ago, the degree to which this change is due to Canada’s occupational health and safety (ohs) system is unclear. Examining the literature and reflecting upon the authors’ own experiences with workplace safety, the article suggests that fundamental flaws embedded in the principles of the system undermine its effectiveness at keeping workers safe. Specifically, the premise of joint responsibility – which is given life in the internal responsibility system (irs) – appears to ignore the conflicting interests and unequal power relations that exist in Canadian workplaces. The circumstances that contributed to the historical effectiveness of the irs no longer exist, undermining the ability of workers to realize safe and healthy workplaces.

The Responsibility of The Vehicle Operators of Stolen or Usurped Motor Vehicles

Çalınan veya gasp edilen araçlarda işletenin sorumluluğu ve bu sorumluluğu bertaraf etme yolu 2918 sayılı Karayolları Trafik Kanunu’nun 107. maddesinin 1. fıkrasında düzenlenmiştir. İlgili hükme göre işleten, aracın çalınmasında veya gasp edilmesinde, kendisinin veya eylemlerinden sorumlu olduğu kişilerin kusurlu davranışlarının bulunmadığını ispatlayarak sorumluluktan kurtulabilir. Bu çalışmada, çalıntı araçta işletenin sorumluluğunun eleştirel incelenmesi, özellikle Karayolları Trafik Kanunu’nun 107. maddesinin 1. fıkrası çerçevesinde gerçekleşmektedir. İşletenin hırsız veya gasıpla müteselsil sorumlu tutulması ihtimalini işletenin kusursuzluğunu ispatlayamamasına bağlayan yasa hükmü tenkit edilmektedir. Nihayet, çalınan veya gasp edilen araçta işletenin sorumluluktan kurtulmasına ek olarak, çalınan veya gasp edilen araca binenlerin durumu da açıklanmaktadır. Böylece, işletenin hırsız veya gasıpla birlikte sorumlu tutulması geniş açıdan dikkate alınmakta ve söz konusu birlikte sorumluluk de lege ferenda tartışmaya açılmaktadır.

A European comparison of continuing education in pathology

In the coming years, the shortage of pathologists will become internationally evident. In addition, the increase in knowledge, technical transformation processes, and the attractiveness of working conditions pose clear challenges for the field of pathology. Abi-directional opening for international mobility of pathologists could be apotential solution.In this analysis, the European training concept of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS) was compared with its implementation in the 27countries of the EU plus its 4associated countries with regard to nationally differentiated concepts, type and implementation of the specialist examination, and additional qualifications. Subsequently, questions regarding the recognition of exams, titles, and specialist exams were elicited.The duration of training ranges between 4 and 6years. The number of cases also varies considerably. Obtaining the specialist title can be done by simply completing the specifications up to astructured examination. In the EU, exams are mutually recognized, but this does not necessarily apply to academic titles and additional qualifications. Increasingly, on-site training centers are also subject to auditing procedures.The European agreements allow ahigh degree of permeability. However, national regulations pose hurdles for international mobility. The UEMS is therefore focusing on harmonization, including the certification of training centers. The so-called European Pathology Progress Test of the European Society of Pathology (ESP) is afurther step towards the development of afuture European specialist title. It remains the joint responsibility of residents and institutes to shape the future of the next generation of pathologists from the variety of different concepts.

Girls’ Responsibilities, Boys’ Needs: Sexual Health, Gender and Youth in Sweden 1970–1999

Abstract The present study explores medical views on sexual health, gender and youth in Sweden from 1970 to 1999. In terms of gender-based roles, the responsibility for sexual health at this time turned out to be closely linked to girls. First, there was a clear perception that girls should take responsibility for their own and the couple’s sexual health, manifested in counselling, contraception and the understanding of risk-taking. Secondly, there was an underlying notion that boys had greater sexual needs than girls. Boys were seen as irresponsible and uninterested in counselling and decisions on contraception. Medical experts hardly mentioned joint responsibility for sexual health and contraception before the 1990s. In addition, there was a widespread perception that it was the risk-taking of some girls that increased exposure to sexual ill-health. They presented girls who did not adhere to the female responsibility norm as problematic. The study also showed a solid heteronormative view of young people’s sexual health.

354 PROMOTING THE BENEFITS OF COGNITIVE STIMULATION AMONGST OLDER PATIENTS: A BRIEF SURVEY AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT

Abstract Background Cognitive Stimulation (CS) enhances cognitive function in patients with Cognitive Impairment (CI), including those with mild/moderate dementia. It has positive effects on various cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. Engaging in CS can reduce the risk developing dementia and allows proactive improvement in wellbeing. Physical exercise and promotion of independence are also beneficial. Patients and staff are often poorly informed regarding such benefits. Methods We developed a 9-question survey, administered to a sample of representative doctors involved in the care of patients with CI to gauge their understanding of CS and its benefits. We envisaged this data may support the development of a patient-friendly information leaflet to educate about CS. Results Of 45 respondents, 68.89% could readily provide three examples of CS. 55.56% reported that CS “definitely” benefits patients with CI, 44.44% reported it “probably” does. All reported it was the joint responsibility of the doctor, memory nurse and occupational therapist to provide advice on CS. 44.44% regularly or sometimes discuss CS with patients/families, compared with 55.55% who rarely or never do. 55.56% were “not confident” giving advice on CS, only 8.89% were “quite confident”. 80% reported that exercise reduces the risk of CI. 37.78% could give an appropriate example of a compensatory strategy. All reported an information leaflet available for patients and their families, would be beneficial. We designed a patient information leaflet explaining cognitive domains, examples of impairments and measures patients can embrace to promote and maintain cognitive function. We highlighted physical and cognitive activities, social engagement and compensatory techniques to promote independence. We provided everyday examples of each including local clubs/classes to ensure accessibility and relatability. Conclusion Gaps in knowledge and confidence were identified amongst doctors rotating through the Geriatric Medicine Service. Recognising this, we designed an information leaflet ensuring we can readily impart accurate education and lifestyle advice to patients.

THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF LEGAL LIABILITY FOR DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE OPERATION OF UNMANNED (AUTONOMOUS, HIGHLY AUTOMATED) VEHICLES

The world community is currently at the stage of rapid development of all types of technologies – information, industrial, social, each of which, ideally, should be designed to improve various spheres of public life. However, any of the technologies carries certain risks that society and the legislator should take into account. One of the technologies gaining increasing popularity in many developed countries of the world is autonomous driving technology, which poses new challenges to legislators of all countries, forces them to solve new problems arising in connection with their introduction into public life. Such problems may include the problem of liability for damage caused by activities related to the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. The pace of development of new technologies is constantly increasing, and the legislator does not always keep up with the development of social relations. In this situation, science should help to detect the problem and identify possible solutions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problems of legal regulation of legal liability for damage caused by the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. Methods: to achieve this goal, special legal methods are used: formal legal, based on knowledge of special legal terminology, legal constructions, classifications of legal phenomena; the method of interpretation of law used in the analysis of normative legal acts and their projects. Results: the conclusion is made about the need for a more balanced approach when legislating legal liability for damage caused by the operation of unmanned (autonomous, highly automated) vehicles. The author provides a justification for the need to classify highly automated vehicles (hereinafter referred to as HAV) and activities related to their operation to sources of increased danger, by analyzing the specifics of HAV; reveals the features of the composition of such a civil law tort as causing harm by the operation of HAV; indicates the grounds for civil liability for damage caused by the operation of HAV; designates the conditions and features of legal liability in the area under consideration. The article proposes as a priority for the Russian Federation to choose a concept according to which the subjects of legal liability for damage caused by the operation of the unmanned vehicle are both its owner and maker (manufacturer), who must bear joint responsibility regardless of the presence or absence of guilt.

Conceptualisation and experience of ownership in multi-stakeholder partnerships: Lessons from the HDECoVA initiative in Ethiopia

Ownership is commonly considered a key principle aiming to promote effective multi-stakeholder partnerships. This article explores the conceptualisation and experience of ownership in a multi-stakeholder initiative in TVET, with an empirical focus on a Public-Private Development Partnership (PPDP) in Ethiopia. The qualitative case study is based on insights derived from semi-structured interviews with project staff and partnership actors and an analysis of relevant documents. The findings indicate discrepancies between rhetoric and reality of ownership dynamics, which complicates the actual ownership practice. The goal of all-inclusive equitable participation, originally intended, is not achieved. Power is not equally shared in the initiative, as local actors play a limited role in the decision-making process, and therefore do not acquire ownership as intended. In this case, the PPDP approach reproduces inequality as international actors exert influence through indirect governance. This study suggests a coherent understanding of the ownership concept, which emphasises the relationship between all parties, promoting co-ownership, rather than merely defining the roles of donors and beneficiaries. PPDPs are likely to achieve better results and local actors may sustain outcomes when their capacity is built through active engagement in the process and the partnership is implemented through joint commitment, responsibility, and equal participation.

Designing the role of middle managers: An empirical perspective in the hospital sector

ABSTRACT Background: Professional roles are facing deep transformations in the healthcare sector. Hospitals face role conflict and ambiguity, especially for middle managers who hold both managerial and clinical responsibilities. Objectives: This work aims at providing the competency profiles of two key managerial roles in hospitals (Clinical Directors and Head of Nurses), so to provide evidence on the characteristics they should have to carry out their role effectively. Methods and sources: Through a guided negotiation among members of Italian category associations of middle managers, updated job descriptions were designed for the two key figures. Then, competency profiles were elaborated by applying a competency dictionary specifically designed for managers in the healthcare sector. Findings: Only some desirable competencies are common to the two professional figures. This is because their responsibilities overlap only in part, while the distinct features of their specific roles translate directly into distinct key competencies. Implications: Training managers in the healthcare sector is challenging due to the hybrid and evolving roles they cover. Nevertheless, it is fundamental to design training pathways which match specific desirable competencies. It is misleading to think that managers need common competencies only, and training pathways should be diversified based on the specific contribution professionals can provide to an organization. This has implications both at the organizational level and at the policy making one, given that managerial training is frequently a joint responsibility of hospitals and universities.

Integration of the educational role of the family and the school in the educational process

The family and school are among the most important institutions that supervise the educational process. Through their role, man passes on to future generations his experience with his future plans and projects. However, the process of successful upbringing in particular and the educational process in general depends on dealing with the role of both the family and the school through their roles and functions entrusted to them. Perhaps the most prominent of them is their participation in the educational role, and this is what we will try to highlight in this research. The educational process is one of the processes inherent in every human society with the aim of building the human being and consolidating his civilized existence, and this process in any society represents a group of the institution and that each institution has its own systems and laws that operate within its framework; Therefore, none of these institutions can carry out its duties and duties in a good manner, except in the light of close cooperation between them. Therefore, the family is the first educational institution of the most important societal institutions that can evaluate a partnership relationship with the school, especially in this era when the education and education of children has become a joint responsibility between the family, the school and the institutions of society,When they work together sincerely, effectively and with sound planning, they undoubtedly contribute to achieving the desired goals and the success of the educational process. This research came in three chapters, the first chapter includes the methodological framework for the research, while the second chapter deals with the importance of family and school integration in the educational role. The third chapter dealt with the family and the school and their role in the educational process, The research also included a number of conclusions and recommendations.

Kebijakan Pemberian Bantuan Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri dan Swasta

The difference in the allocation of aid from the government between State Islamic Religious Higher Education (PTKIN) and Private Islamic Religious Higher Education (PTKIS) is due to the difference in the implementation of education. The organizers are the government, while the PTKIS organizers are organizations or foundations. However, the direction and policy of developing higher education based on Islam is an effort to improve the quality of education and institutions that focus on 4 (four) aspects, namely increasing access to higher education, improving the quality of PTKI services, improving the quality of lecturers, productivity and innovation of PTKI. One of the program target indicators is the indicator for the number of professional lecturers at PTKI: Target Indicators for the 2015 Target Program, the proportion of qualified lecturers at least S2 is 82.5%, S3 12.0% and the 2019 target is the proportion of lecturers with a minimum qualification of S3 20.0%. 2%. Funding for Islamic Education is the joint responsibility of the government, local government and the community. The increase in Islamic education is carried out through a significant increase in the budget so that it reaches 25.12% of the 2019 State Budget. The average budget projection has increased between 5-6% per year

The Role of Micro Waqf Bank through Joint Liability Qard Financing in MSME Empowerment

<p><em>This study aims to describe: (1) how the implementation of the practice in empowering MSMEs at the Assa Berkah Sejahtera Kudus Micro Waqf Bank, (2) how the results of qardh financing and the results of the practice of joint responsibility financing in empowering MSMEs by the Assa Berkah Sejahtera Kudus Micro Waqf Bank, and (3) the inhibiting factors for financing the practice of joint responsibility at the Assa Berkah Sejahtera Kudus Micro Waqf Bank and what are the solutions to overcome these inhibiting factors. This research is a type of field research (field research). The approach used by researchers in this study is qualitative research. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data sources are managers, as well as several customers of the Assa Berkah Sejahtera Micro Waqf Bank. Meanwhile, secondary data sources are library books and documentation. Based on the results of the research obtained, this study shows that: (1) The implementation of the practice of joint responsibility is going well using a qardh contract and has succeeded in being a solution for customers who have difficulty paying the installments for the repayment of business capital. (2) The results of qardh financing are an increase in business and an increase in income, while the results of the practice of joint responsibility for empowering MSMEs are creating a sense of kinship and responsibility among members (3) The inhibiting factor is the lack of concern and a sense of responsibility with several prospective customers who are still selfish alone. The solution to overcome the inhibiting factors is to hold mandatory group training for five consecutive days with one of the materials, namely the practice of joint responsibility financing.</em></p>

The Kabu-ido system and factors affecting local groundwater extraction control: case study of a customary groundwater management in Japan

In the early 1800s, a water conflict occurred in a community named the Fukuzuka Ring Levee on the Noubi Plain, Japan. Upper villages required artesian wells for irrigation and domestic uses, but lower villages did not welcome them because drainage from the wells caused impoundment damage to their paddy fields. The Kabu-ido system was a set of rules, including regulation of the number of wells per village, introduced to de-escalate the conflict. Under the system, groundwater uses were controlled not by external authority, but by the community residents themselves. This paper has two purposes. First, it reconstructs the daily operations of the Kabu-ido system, principally by referring to surviving local diaries, to describe hitherto unknown details regarding the management of groundwater by local people 200 years ago. The diaries show that well managers, selected from residents, regulated the use of wells using various tools, including permission and surprise inspection. Second, this paper evaluates to what extent self-imposed numerical regulation was successful by checking the number of wells listed in village expenditure notes. The documents indicate that regulation did not always work. The factors underlying this are considered using the analytical framework from the commons studies. Analysis shows that, while institutional arrangements of the Kabu-ido system, such as well management with keys, rules of joint responsibility, and the prohibition of indoor wells, work positively in enforcing numerical regulation by lowering the costs of monitoring for unauthorized wells, the natural characteristics of groundwater and climate conditions such as sudden drought work negatively.

The Role of Micro Waqf Bank in Women’s Micro-Business Empowerment through Islamic Social Finance: Mixed-Method Evidence from Mawaridussalam Indonesia

This study examined the role of the Micro Waqf Bank in empowering women micro-entrepreneurs. This research used a mixed-method with an explanatory design. Quantitatively, this study examines the effect of the joint responsibility system, financing, and mentoring on the growth of the micro-enterprises business. The sample used was 200 women micro-entrepreneurs using a purposive sampling technique. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the Structural Equation Model based on Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) technique. This research qualitatively analyzes how the Micro Waqf Bank has carried out its role in empowering women, including dealing with crises due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thematic analysis was used as the qualitative data analysis technique. Informants in this study amounted to 6 informants from MWB Mawaridussalam consisting of Management, Mentors, and female micro-enterprises. The research results quantitatively indicate that there is a positive and significant impact on the joint responsibility system, financing, and mentoring on the development of micro-enterprise members. Mentoring is the most significant variable that impacts the growth of a micro-enterprise business. Qualitatively, the research results show the role of the Micro Waqf Bank in the economic empowerment of women micro-business entrepreneurs by specifically recommending reinforcement of the mentoring function.

Factors influencing the promotion and implementation of research integrity in research performing and research funding organizations: A scoping review

ABSTRACT Promoting and implementing research integrity is considered the joint responsibility and effort of multiple stakeholders in the research community. We conducted a scoping review and analyzed 236 research articles and gray literature publications from biomedical sciences, social sciences, natural sciences (including engineering), and humanities that dealt with the factors that may positively or negatively impact the promotion and implementation of research integrity. Critical appraisal of evidence was performed for studies describing interventions aimed at research integrity promotion in order to provide insight into the effectiveness of these interventions. The results of this scoping review provide a comprehensive taxonomy of factors with positive or negative impact and their relatedness to individual researchers, research performing and funding organizations, and the system of science. Moreover, the results show that efforts for fostering and promoting research integrity should be implemented at all three levels (researcher, institution, system) simultaneously to deliver greater adherence and implementation of research integrity practices. Although various educational interventions aiming at research integrity promotion exist, we were not able to conclude on the effectiveness of explored interventions due to the methodological quality issues in the studies.