Joint Decision Research Articles

Advance selling and service cancelation when consumers are overconfident

Purpose This paper aims to study the joint decision making of advance selling and service cancelation for service provides with limited capacity when consumers are overconfident.Design/methodology/approach For the case in which consumers encounter uncertainties about product valuation and consumption states in the advance period and are overconfident about the probability of a good state, we study how the service provider chooses the optimal sales strategy among the non-advance selling strategy, the advance selling and disallowing cancelation strategy, and the advance selling and allowing cancelation strategy. We also discuss how overconfidence influences the service provider’s decision making.Findings The results show that when service capacity is sufficient, the service provider should adopt advance selling and disallow cancelation; when service capacity is insufficient, the service provider should still implement advance selling but allow cancelation; and when service capacity is extremely insufficient, the service provider should offer spot sales. Moreover, overconfidence weakens the necessity to allow cancelation under sufficient service capacity and enhances it under insufficient service capacity but is always advantageous to advance selling.Practical implications The obtained results provide managerial insights for service providers to make advance selling decisions.Originality/value This paper is among the first to explore the effect of consumers’ overconfidence on the joint decision of advance selling and service cancelation under capacity constraints.

Analisis Gaya Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Perkebunan di Desa Air Buluh Kecamatan Ipuh Kabupaten Mukomuko

This study discusses the leadership style of the village head in conflict resolution. Conflict over land use and ownership is an important point between the community and the company. The root of the conflict that occurred between the community and the company was due to the understanding between the two parties. Based on this, this study aims to find out how the Village Head's Leadership Style in Resolving Conflicts with Plantations in Air Buluh Village, Ipuh District, Mukomuko Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive qualitative types. The research location is at the Air Buluh Village Office, Ipuh District, Mukomuko Regency. The research subjects were village heads and informants were village officials, community leaders, companies and the sheltered community. Data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews and documentation. From the analysis that the author did, it can be concluded that the leadership style of the head of Air Buluh village in resolving conflicts between the community and plantations in Air Buluh Village, Ipuh District, Mukomuko Regency applies a Democratic leadership style. joint decision.

A Simulation-Based Bayesian Network Approach to the Joint Decision of the International Transportation Mode and Safety Inventory Policy

Uncertainty in international transportation can have a significant impact on inventory costs and customer service levels in a global supply chain network. A very limited number of studies in the literature have addressed the international transportation mode and safety inventory policy (ITM-SIP) issues simultaneously. This study formulates the problem and proposes a simulation-based Bayesian network (SBN) approach for the joint decisions on ITM-SIP, where Bayesian networks are used to dynamically estimate international replenishment lead times for railway and maritime transportation modes. We implement our approaches in an international automotive spare parts supply chain experiencing fluctuations in its shipping supply market and with dynamic demand. For this joint decision problem, we build an international supply chain network simulation model in which the time-delay uncertainties of key bottleneck nodes in maritime and railway transportation routes are considered. The simulation experiment results show the performance improvement of the SBN approach in substantially reducing total costs and achieving service levels. We also provide insights into the value of decision tactics for responding to different fluctuation modes in the shipping supply market in the global supply chain network.

Diagnosis and management of tuberculosis infection in inclusion health populations in London

BackgroundTuberculosis in the UK is more prevalent in people with social risk factors– e.g. previous incarceration, homelessness - and in migrants from TB endemic countries. The management of TB infection is part of TB elimination strategies, but is challenging to provide to socially excluded groups and the evidence base for effective interventions is small.MethodsWe evaluated a TB infection screening and treatment programme provided by a peer-led service (Find&Treat) working in inclusion health settings (e.g. homeless hostels) in London. IGRA (interferon-gamma release assay) testing and TB infection treatment were offered to eligible adults using a community-based model. The primary outcome was successful progression through the cascade of care. We also evaluated socio-demographic characteristics associated with a positive IGRA.Results42/312 (13.5%) participants had a positive IGRA and no one had evidence of active TB. 35/42 completed a medical evaluation; 22 started treatment, and 17 completed treatment. Having a positive IGRA was associated with previous incarceration and being born outside of the UK.DiscussionProvision of TB infection diagnosis and management to this socially excluded population has several challenges including maintaining people in care and drug-drug interactions. Peer-support workers provided this service safely and effectively with appropriate support. Further work to generate data to inform risks and benefits of treatment for TB infection in this group is needed to facilitate joint decision making.

Conflict-free joint decision by lag and zero-lag synchronization in laser network

With the end of Moore’s Law and the increasing demand for computing, photonic accelerators are garnering considerable attention. This is due to the physical characteristics of light, such as high bandwidth and multiplicity, and the various synchronization phenomena that emerge in the realm of laser physics. These factors come into play as computer performance approaches its limits. In this study, we explore the application of a laser network, acting as a photonic accelerator, to the competitive multi-armed bandit problem. In this context, conflict avoidance is key to maximizing environmental rewards. We experimentally demonstrate cooperative decision-making using zero-lag and lag synchronization within a network of four semiconductor lasers. Lag synchronization of chaos realizes effective decision-making and zero-lag synchronization is responsible for the realization of the collision avoidance function. We experimentally verified a low collision rate and high reward in a fundamental 2-player, 2-slot scenario, and showed the scalability of this system. This system architecture opens up new possibilities for intelligent functionalities in laser dynamics.

Financial harm in the context of adult protection: the complexity of factors influencing joint decision-making

PurposeThis research was conducted as part of a PhD study. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors taken into consideration when multi-agency practitioners were considering financial harm in the context of adult protection and how this influenced their decision-making processes.Design/methodology/approachAn adapted q sort methodology initially established the areas of financial harm considered to have additional factors, which led to complexity in adult protection decision making. These factors were further explored in individual interviews or focus groups.FindingsThe data identified that the decision-making process varied between thorough analysis, rationality and heuristics with evidence of cue recognition, factor weighting and causal thinking. This highlighted the relevance of Kahneman’s (2011) dual processing model in social work practice. Errors that occurred through an over reliance on System 1 thinking can be identified and rectified through the use of System 2 thinking and strengthen social work decision-making.Originality/valueThis paper considers the practice of multi-agency adult protection work in relation to financial harm and identifies the influences on decisions.

Barriers and Facilitators to End-of-Life Care Delivery in ICUs: A Qualitative Study.

To understand frontline ICU clinician's perceptions of end-of-life care delivery in the ICU. Qualitative observational cross-sectional study. Seven ICUs across three hospitals in an integrated academic health system. ICU clinicians (physicians [critical care, palliative care], advanced practice providers, nurses, social workers, chaplains). None. In total, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed. The research team reviewed all transcripts inductively to develop a codebook. Thematic analysis was conducted through coding, category formulation, and sorting for data reduction to identify central themes. Deductive reasoning facilitated data category formulation and thematic structuring anchored on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model identified that work systems (people, environment, tools, tasks) lead to processes and outcomes. Four themes were barriers or facilitators to end-of-life care. First, work system barriers delayed end-of-life care communication among clinicians as well as between clinicians and families. For example, over-reliance on palliative care people in handling end-of-life discussions prevented timely end-of-life care discussions with families. Second, clinician-level variability existed in end-of-life communication tasks. For example, end-of-life care discussions varied greatly in process and outcomes depending on the clinician leading the conversation. Third, clinician-family-patient priorities or treatment goals were misaligned. Conversely, regular discussion and joint decisions facilitated higher familial confidence in end-of-life care delivery process. These detailed discussions between care teams aligned priorities and led to fewer situations where patients/families received conflicting information. Fourth, clinician moral distress occurred from providing nonbeneficial care. Interviewees reported standardized end-of-life care discussion process incorporated by the people in the work system including patient, family, and clinicians were foundational to delivering end-of-life care that reduced both patient and family suffering, as well as clinician moral distress. Standardized work system communication tasks may improve end-of life discussion processes between clinicians and families.

Women decision making on use of modern family planning methods and associated factors, evidence from PMA Ethiopia.

Family planning decision making is defined as women´s ability to determine the family planning methods that she wanted to use through the process of informed decision making. Despite the availability and accessibility of family planning methods, the utilization rate is not more than 41% in Ethiopia. Evidence and experts have consistently show that women decisions making ability on family planning method they desired to use is one of the possible reasons for this slow rate of family planning use increment. In consideration of this and further motives family planning use decision making has become one of the top sexual and reproductive health related sustainable development agendas. Hence, this study aimed at determining the level, trend and spatial distribution of family planning use decision making among married women and identify factors affecting it. This study was based on Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) 2020 cross sectional national survey data. Married women who are currently using or recently used family planning method were included in this study. Frequency was computed to describe the study participants while chi-square statistics was computed to examine the overall association of independent variable with family planning use decision making. To identify predictors of family planning use decision making multinomial logistics regression was employed. Results were presented in the form of percentage and relative risk ratio with 95% CI. Candidate variables were selected using p value of 0.25. Significance was declared at p value 0.05. This study revealed that one in two women (51.2%; 95% CI: 48.8%-53.6%) decide their family planning use by themselves while 37% (36.8%; 95% CI: 34.5%-39.2%) decide jointly with their husband and/or partner. Women alone family planning use decision making increased significantly 32.8% (95% CI: 29.4%, 36.4%) in 2014 to 51.2% (95% CI: 48.8%, 53.6%) in 2020. It also shows variation across regions from scanty in Afar and Somali to 63.6% in Amhara region and 61.5 Addis Ababa. Obtaining desired family planning method was found significantly to improve women alone and joint family planning use decision making. Women who have perceive control and feeling if they get pregnant now were found to be positively associated with women alone family planning use decision making. Discussion with husband, his feeling towards family planning were found positively to influence family planning use joint decision making. Moreover, women religion, was found reducing the likelihood of both women alone and joint family planning use decision making while experiencing side effect reduces the likelihood of joint family planning use decision making. Half of the women independently decide their family planning use which calls up on further improvement. Family planning use decision making ability is expected to be improved by efforts targeted on husbands' approval on wife's family planning use, discussion on family planning use with husband/partner, improving women psychosociological readiness and trust on her own to decide her desired family planning method; informing the possible side effects and what to do when they encountered during their family planning use visit. In addition, influencing women on the use of family planning via religious leader will help much in this regard. Monitoring and evaluating reproductive health policy 2021 to2025 and addressing bottlenecks which hinder women decision making health service use is hoped to improve women family planning use decision making. Further qualitative study to identify and address factors that contribute for the variation across regions also help much.

Transforming a body: Sculpting in therapy

ABSTRACT The writer shares the course of treatment with a gender nonbinary teenager and their parents that utilized techniques from drama therapy, relational self psychology, sculpting, and family therapy. Following the rupture and attempted repair with the patient’s parents, work with the patient and their family finally led to a joint decision to terminate treatment. This case study discusses the clinical challenges and implications of working within a family system in which parents’ values misalign with the psychotherapist’s treatment goals. Trigger warning This paper contains misgendering that can emotionally trigger some individuals.

ПРЕДОПЕРАЦИОННАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ПЕРЕД ОПЕРАЦИЕЙ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The subject of the study. Dental implantation for patients with cardiovascular diseases is an urgent and important area, but requires special attention from doctors and patients. Cardiovascular diseases can be a risk factor for implant rejection due to the fact that they often have a direct effect on blood flow to tissues. A review of literature sources in the period from 2017 to 2023 showed that there is no common point of view in the scientific community regarding the implementation of implantation in patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease. 
 Objectives. To study the specifics of preoperative diagnosis in patients with cardiovascular diseases before dental implantation surgery, reflected in the scientific literature. 
 Methodology. Currently, the article analyzes sources from databases: Pub Med, Cyberleninka, eLibrary, ResearchGate, CohraneOral Health. The search for scientific literature on the problem under consideration was carried out using keywords. The key criteria for reviewing the scientific publications available in the databases were the availability of indications for dental implantation in the studied individuals.
 Results. An analysis of the scientific literature on the use of dental implantation in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system did not reveal a single point of view. The authors agree that patients with cardiac pathology need to hold a consultation with a cardiologist, an anesthesiologist, and a surgeon before elective surgery in order to make a joint decision. At that time, there are different points of view regarding the criteria for assessing the risk and scope of preoperative diagnosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases, there is no systematization and classification of complications, as well as criteria for evaluating the complications of dental implantation surgery in cardiac patients. 
 Conclusions. It seems advisable to identify criteria that determine the general condition and dental status of patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system, which will allow assessing the possibility of using dental implants for them.

Federalism, Decentral Governance, and Joint Decision-Making: Bad News for the Implementation of International Environmental Agreements?

Abstract There is a lingering myth in the international compliance literature that domestic multilevel structures have a negative impact on the fulfilment of international commitments. This article argues that this literature has failed to understand multilevel structures as a multi-layered concept. Instead of viewing multilevel governance as a one-dimensional concept or a mere system of veto-players, I propose to study the effects of the individual components, i.e., federalism, decentral governance, and joint decision-making. I test the plausibility of this approach by analyzing the implementation of the Ramsar Wetlands Convention. My findings debunk the myth about the negative effects of multilevel structures on the implementation of international agreements. I show that states in which subnational decision-makers can act autonomously from the central level are better placed to produce implementation measures in the area of environmental conservation.

Integrated Departure Time and Parking Location Choices in a Morning Commute Problem under a Partially Automated Environment

This study formulates the joint decisions of commuters on departure time and parking location choices in a morning commute problem where the commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs) or human-driven vehicles (HVs). Under a mixed traffic environment, we aim to explore the impacts of parking capacity and parking pricing on the equilibrium travel pattern and the system performance. We build a dynamic equilibrium model for the morning commute problem by assuming that the parking slots can be grouped into central and peripheral clusters based on the distance between the parking location and the workplace. We first analyze the parking location preferences of commuters towards the two parking clusters under a mixed traffic environment. We then examine the equilibrium conditions and identify all the equilibrium travel patterns. We further analyze the system performance measured by the total travel cost with respect to the parking prices and the capacity of the central cluster. The optimal parking pricing scheme is also derived to minimize the total travel cost. We conduct numerical analysis to demonstrate the change in the total travel cost against the parking capacity of the central cluster and its parking price. Sensitivity analysis is performed to show the impacts of the network configuration on the total travel cost.

Balancing Environmental Stewardship: Examining the Rights and Obligations of the Afghan Government and Citizens in Environmental Protection

This research examines the environmental rights and obligations of the Afghan government and citizens, emphasizing collaborative approaches. It investigates government rights, including legislative authority and regulatory oversight, with corresponding obligations such as enacting and enforcing environmental laws. Citizen rights encompass environmental participation and access to information, with obligations like responsible consumption and conservation support. Data was collected through a qualitative-methods approach, from open sources, and systematically analyzed with interpretation within the context of existing literature. The study highlights collaborative rights involving public-private partnerships and international cooperation, emphasizing joint decision-making and resource sharing. The findings stress collective action, utilizing case studies and examples, and recommend strategic focus areas for both government and citizens, including monitoring and evaluation, public-private collaboration, regulatory oversight improvement, and legislative framework strengthening. The research contributes to environmental governance understanding in Afghanistan, guiding sustainable development and conservation strategies.

The role of self-efficacy in women’s autonomy for health and nutrition decision-making in rural Bangladesh

BackgroundAgency – including the sub-domains of intrinsic agency, instrumental agency, and collective agency – is a critical component of the women’s empowerment process. Self-efficacy (a component of intrinsic agency) may operate as a motivational influence for women to make choices according to their own preferences or goals, such that higher self-efficacy would be associated with more autonomous decision-making (a key component of instrumental agency).MethodsWe examine these relationships using mixed methods. We developed a series of decision-making autonomy indices, which captured alignment between the woman’s reported and preferred roles in health and nutrition decisions. Using ordinal logistic regression, we assessed the relationship between generalized self-efficacy and decision-making autonomy.ResultsThere was a consistently positive association across all categories of decision-making, controlling for a number of individual and household-level covariates. In a sub-sample of joint decision-makers (i.e., women who reported making decisions with at least one other household member), we compared the association between generalized self-efficacy (i.e., one’s overall belief in their ability to succeed) and decision-making autonomy to that of domain-specific self-efficacy (i.e., one’s belief in their ability to achieve a specific goal) and decision-making autonomy. Across all decision-making categories, domain-specific self-efficacy was more strongly associated with decision-making autonomy than generalized self-efficacy. In-depth interviews provided additional context for interpretation of the regression analyses.ConclusionsThe results indicate the importance of the role of self-efficacy in the women’s empowerment process, even in the traditionally female-controlled areas of health and nutrition decision-making. The development of the decision-making autonomy index is an important contribution to the literature in that it directly recognizes and captures the role of women’s preferences regarding participation in decision-making.

Abstract 92: Impacts of a Multidisciplinary Brain Heart Team on Patent Foramen Ovale Closure in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke

Background: The AHA/ASA 2021 Secondary Stroke Prevention Guideline recommends a joint decision by neurology and cardiology for patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. The impact of a Brain Heart Team (BHT) consisting of interventional cardiologists and vascular neurologists to evaluate PFO closure is unclear. We analyzed whether a BHT implementation led to more guideline recommended PFO closures based on Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score and PASCAL categories across a 15-hospital system. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively between 1/2016 - 2/2023. Baseline demographics, risk factors, method of shunt identification, high-risk shunt features, post PFO atrial fibrillation and stroke rates, RoPE score and PASCAL categorization were abstracted. Non-BHT was defined as absence of vascular neurology involvement. Appropriate PFO closure was defined as RoPE score > 7 and/or PASCAL categories of possible/probable. Chi-squared and t-test were used. Results: Of 174 patients, 108 (62%) were identified as BHT and 66 (38%) as non-BHT. There were no differences in baseline risk factors between BHT and non-BHT besides hyperlipidemia (28.7% vs 53% p < .002) and smoking history (12% vs 31.8% p < .003). BHT patients were younger at age of diagnosis and PFO closure (44.8 yrs ±1.7 vs 56 yrs ±1.2 p=0.003 and 44.7 yrs ±1.9 vs. 56 yrs ±1.3 p=0.004 respectively). There were differences in race/ethnicity (Table 1). More BHT patients had possible/probable PASCAL vs non-BHT (101 [93.5%] vs 44 [66.7%], p <0.001). Patients in BHT had higher mean RoPe scores (7.34 ± 1.55 vs 6.06 ± 2.02 p <0.001). More patients in BHT had a RoPE score > 7 (77 [71.3%] vs 26 [39.4%] p <0.001). There were no differences in atrial fibrillation (5 [4.6%] vs 5 [7.6%] p = 0.635) or stroke after PFO closure (2 [1.9%] vs 2 [3%] p = 1). Conclusion: Implementing a multi-disciplinary approach with a Brain Heart Team leads to more guideline based PFO closures in cryptogenic strokes based on PASCAL and RoPE scores.

P498 An expert Delphi consensus: Early identification of patients at risk of Crohn's disease in perianal fistulas and abscesses (PREFAB) and identification and management of isolated perianal Crohn's disease (ipCD) - Part B, ipCD

Abstract Background In clinical practice, some patients with ‘idiopathic’ perianal fistulae (iPAF) and no evidence of luminal IBD are labelled ‘isolated perianal Crohn’s disease’ (ipCD) and treated with IBD-directed therapies. However, there are no accepted criteria to guide which patients should be diagnosed as ipCD, or how they should be managed. This project aimed to provide a definition of ipCD, strategies for management, and a platform for building further understanding of this group. Methods An expert panel of IBD gastroenterologists, surgeons and radiologists took part in a Delphi consensus on ipCD. The first-round was an electronic survey, probing: 1) personal experience of ipCD; 2) how fistula histology may influence ipCD diagnosis; 3) patient and fistula features suggestive of ipCD; and 4) suggested management of patients with suspected-ipCD. Responses informed the creation of clinical criteria for ipCD, and statements on ipCD management, which were discussed, amended, and agreed-upon at a second-round virtual consensus meeting. Consensus was predefined as ≥70% ‘strongly agree’ or ‘agree with minor reservation’. Results >30 specialists participated. In round 1: 93% agreed ipCD is a separate Crohn’s phenotype; 83% reported having treated ipCD patients with IBD medical therapies; 73% agreed iPAF patients with fistula histology suggestive of ipCD could be labelled as histologically-confirmed ipCD; and 93% agreed histologically-confirmed ipCD with complex fistulation should be treated with IBD medical therapy (e.g., biologics). However, there was no consensus on the appropriateness of IBD medical therapy for simple fistulae. For iPAF patients without histological evidence of IBD, the panel agreed factors suggestive of ipCD. These included: family history of IBD, symptoms of IBD extraintestinal manifestations, co-existent/previous perianal lesions (fissures, anal stricture, tags), and certain fistula features. Factors were used to produce a criteria to diagnose ipCD and identify patients appropriate for a trial of medical therapy. If a trial of therapy is pursued, the panel agreed careful discussion of the risks of treatment, and known-unknowns, when treating ipCD. Optimised anti-TNF is preferred first-line (82% agreement) with a careful review of treatment response, and contemporaneous MRI, at 6-12 months (93% agree). Conclusion ipCD is a contentious label and standardisation of the diagnosis could help us better assess this group and their treatment outcomes. We present a suggested criteria for diagnosing this group, and a pragmatic approach to trialling biologic therapy. Key to managing this group is honest discussion regarding the known-unknowns of ipCD treatment, to manage patient expectations and support a joint decision-making approach.

Multi-Compression Scale DNN Inference Acceleration based on Cloud-Edge-End Collaboration

Edge intelligence has emerged as a promising paradigm to accelerate DNN inference by model partitioning, which is particularly useful for intelligent scenarios that demand high accuracy and low latency. However, the dynamic nature of the edge environment and the diversity of end devices pose a significant challenge for DNN model partitioning strategies. Meanwhile, limited resources of the edge server make it difficult to manage resource allocation efficiently among multiple devices. In addition, most of the existing studies disregard the different service requirements of the DNN inference tasks, such as its high accuracy-sensitive or high latency-sensitive. To address these challenges, we propose a Multi-Compression Scale DNN Inference Acceleration (MCIA) based on cloud-edge-end collaboration. We model this problem as a mixed-integer multi-dimensional optimization problem, jointly optimizing the DNN model version choice, the partitioning choice, and the allocation of computational and bandwidth resources to maximize the tradeoff between inference accuracy and latency depending on the property of the tasks. Initially, we train multiple versions of DNN inference models with different compression scales in the cloud, and deploy them to end devices and edge server. Next, a deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm is developed for joint decision making of adaptive collaborative inference and resource allocation based on the current multi-compression scale models and the task property. Experimental results show that MCIA can adapt to heterogeneous devices and dynamic networks, and has superior performance compared with other methods.

Determinants of early neonatal mortality: secondary analysis of the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey.

Most neonatal deaths occur during the first week of life (i.e., early neonatal deaths). In this analysis, we aimed to investigate the determinants of early neonatal deaths in a nationally representative sample of births in Indonesia over the five years before each survey. Data were obtained from the 2012 and 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), including information from 58,902 mothers of children aged <5 years of age. The outcome variable was early neonatal death (death of a newborn within the first six days of life). Explanatory variables were categorized into environmental, household, maternal, pregnancy, childbirth, and child characteristics. Multivariate regression methods were employed for analysis. Increased odds of early neonatal deaths were associated with mothers who lacked formal education or had incomplete primary schooling (adjusted odd ratio [OR] = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-5.01), worked outside the house in agricultural (aOR = 5.94, 95% CI: 3.09-11.45) or non-agricultural field (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.88-4.72), and were required to make a joint decision about health care with their partner or another household member (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12-2.84). Increased odds were also observed in smaller-than-average infants, particularly those who received low-quality antenatal care services (aOR = 9.10, 95% CI: 5.04-16.41) and those whose mothers had delivery complications (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.10-2.68) or who were delivered by cesarean section (aOR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.07-2.82). Furthermore, male infants showed higher odds than female infants (aOR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.23-2.76). A multifaceted approach is essential for curtailing early neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Enabling workplace policies, promoting women's empowerment, strengthening the health system, and improving the uptake of high-quality antenatal care services are among the critical steps toward preventing early neonatal deaths in Indonesia.

Investigation of product quality and advertising: Government intervention in advertising

AbstractWe investigate the joint operations and marketing decisions of a manufacturer under government intervention in advertising. We introduce four possible intervention scenarios: no government intervention, proactive intervention to maximize social welfare, proactive intervention to protect consumer rights, and reactive intervention by imposing penalties. We obtain the firm's best joint decision on product quality and advertising in response to the government's intervention. The investigation results reveal that there is no one‐size‐fits‐all strategy. The goal of consumer protection can damage the total welfare of society, while the pursuit of social welfare harms consumer rights. The government needs to carefully consider not only the characteristics of products and consumer markets to determine how it intervenes but also the effect of its policies on overall performance. It is recommended to control misleading advertising by imposing penalties reactively. By imposing penalties differently, consumer rights can be protected, while enhancing the total welfare of society. The investigation results also have important implications for business managers. There is a best mix of operations and marketing decisions that properly responds to each government policy and achieves the best profit performance.

AI in Orthodontics: Revolutionizing Diagnostics and Treatment Planning-A Comprehensive Review.

The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine has transformed various medical specialties, including orthodontics. AI has shown promising results in enhancing the accuracy of diagnoses, treatment planning, and predicting treatment outcomes. Its usage in orthodontic practices worldwide has increased with the availability of various AI applications and tools. This review explores the principles of AI, its applications in orthodontics, and its implementation in clinical practice. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on AI applications in dental diagnostics, cephalometric evaluation, skeletal age determination, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) evaluation, decision making, and patient telemonitoring. Due to study heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was possible. AI has demonstrated high efficacy in all these areas, but variations in performance and the need for manual supervision suggest caution in clinical settings. The complexity and unpredictability of AI algorithms call for cautious implementation and regular manual validation. Continuous AI learning, proper governance, and addressing privacy and ethical concerns are crucial for successful integration into orthodontic practice.