John Hunt Research Articles

The Tarnished Cavalier: Major General Earl Van Dorn, C.S.A.

The Tarnished Cavalier: Major General Earl Van Dorn, C.S.A. By Arthur B. Carter. (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999. Pp. xiv, 247. Preface, acknowledgments, illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $42.00.) In a November 15, 1862 letter to the court of inquiry investigating charges of incompetence against him, Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn wrote that he had been a soldier for nearly twenty-five years and that although his career had been an eventful one, he had never before had to defend himself against charges of any kind. Having, he claimed, devoted his life to the service of his country, he had accumulated nothing of the world's wealth, leaving him only his good name. My is all that belongs to me, he insisted, without which life to me were valueless the crisp and faded leaf of autumn. He begged the court, therefore, to conduct a through and complete investigation of his conduct as the only adequate means of securing my exoneration from charges which nearly touch a reputation (Emily Van Dorn Miller, A Soldier's Honor, [New York: Abbey Press, 1902], 157-158). Alas for the general, although found innocent by the court, not only has his soldier's reputation come down the decades blemished by two disastrously mishandled campaigns, but his personal character has been more than tarnished by his repugnant disregard for his wife and children and his seemingly compulsive penchant for extramarital liaisons. Van Dorn was born into the Mississippi plantation aristocracy, graduated near the bottom of the West Point class of 1842, served with distinction in the Mexican War, and gained something of a national a company commander in the Second United States Cavalry on the plains of Texas. Not surprisingly, with the outbreak of Civil War, his fellow West Pointer and Mississippian, Jefferson Davis, appointed him first to command the Confederate forces in Texas and then, on September 19, 1862, to command of the Trans-Mississippi Department. Typically of too many officers promoted too quickly, based either on success junior officers in the old army or on friendship with the president, Van Dorn proved incapable of high command. Although dashing, handsome, and personally courageous-in fact, Arthur B. Carter makes clear, a thirst for personal glory was Van Dorn's primary motivating factor-he had developed no talent for reconnaissance, logistics, or any of the other tedious minutiae that insure success in battle and campaign. His performances army commander at the battles of Elkhorn Tavern and Corinth, therefore, proved disastrous for the Confederacy and helped to doom the nation to ultimate collapse. Reduced in responsibility and transferred to a branch of service better suited to his temperament, however, Van Dorn began to salvage his battered reputation. With a spectacular raid against Grant's base of operations at Holly Springs, Mississippi, on December 20, 1862, followed with a well-fought battle at Thompson's Station, Tennessee, March 4-5, 1863, Van Dorn, leader of a cavalry division, seemed poised to rival such other beau sabres of the South John Hunt Morgan and even Nathan Bedford Forrest. …

Confetti of Empire: The Conquest of Everest in Nepal, India, Britain, and New Zealand

The Conquest of Everest, the official film of the first ascent of Mount Everest, opens with the famous summit photograph of Tenzing Norgay holding aloft his ice axe, from which the flags of Britain, Nepal, India, and the United Nations flutter in the wind. Tenzing, a Sherpa raised in Nepal but for twenty years a resident of India, reached the summit with Edmund Hillary, a New Zealand beekeeper, on 29 May 1953, in a British expedition led by Colonel John Hunt. In the film, the summit photograph is followed by the opening credits and the scene in London on 2 June 1953, when news of the ascent was announced on the same day as Queen Elizabeth II's coronation. As crowds wave British flags to the beat of military bands, the Queen's gilded carriage rolls through ceremonial archways on the streets of London. The narrator then announces: “And to add to the cheers, the newspapers reported an extra of extras. Britain had one new victory: Men had climbed Mount Everest.”The Conquest of Everest, (1953), National Film and Television Archive, British Film Institute, London.

Buckeye Schoolmaster: A Chronicle of Midwestern Rural Life 1853-1865 (review)

358civil war history Buckeye Schoolmaster: A Chronicle ofMidwestern Rural Life 1853-1865. Edited by J. Merton England. (Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1996. Pp. 308. $49.95 cloth; $24.95 paper.) Chronicler John M. Roberts (1833-1914) was born in Madison County, Ohio, located just west of Columbus. Excepting a short time, he lived there until his death. His father owned a farm, a gristmill, and a sawmill at various points in the county. Following his father's example, John Roberts was simultaneously employed in farming, milling, and teaching. Many of Roberts's experiences were recorded in a collection ofjournals and diaries. He kept two journals, one for 1853-58 and the other for 1858-1913 (the latter containing birthday annuals). Roberts made regular entries in a series of diaries during 1858-19 14. Buckeye Schoolmaster is an abridgement of Roberts's journals and diaries for the period during which he ended his student days, entered a teaching career in one-room schools, married Emarine Truitt, and started a family. The editor deleted repetitious comments and superfluous words and phrases. Roberts's diaries for the years 1 860, 1 86 1 , and 1 862 are lost or missing. Compensating for their absence, the editor included excerpts from Mrs. Roberts's diary for 1862. The editor provides a brief general introduction to the book, short chapter introductions, and minimal parenthetical explanatory notes in the text. Any reader of Edward Eggleston's Hoosier Schoolmaster (1871), a classic realistic novel depicting rural life in nineteenth-century Indiana, must feel at home in Roberts's Madison County, Ohio. Roberts created a detailed source of information about many aspects of rural, village, and small-town society in an undoubtedly representative midwestern locale. Frequently commenting on his roles as student and teacher, Roberts recorded ordinary facts about textbooks, curricula, teaching methods, term lengths, discipline problems, and attendance matters. Also, he made comments about the preparation, certification, and remuneration of teachers. His records show that rural schoolhouses were cultural and social centers after dark. They were the sites of nighttime meetings held for spelling bees, debates, sermons, "singing school," "geography schools," and literary society and lyceum activities. Other social gatherings, both somber and gay, included camp meetings sponsored by Methodists, weddings, funerals, and "frolicks" (dances held in private homes). Roberts noted unseemly social behavior regarding drunkenness, fighting , fornication, adultery, and unwanted pregnancies. He related the social attitudes and cultural values of his family and acquaintances . Roberts, who held many strong opinions, made very disparaging remarks about African Americans, expressed suspicions about Irish Catholics, and supported the Know Nothings briefly. While not generally advocating women's rights, Roberts held that the education of young females deserved greater attention. He was a supporter ofthe temperance movement, an advocate of the Maine Law, and a member of the Democratic party. BOOK REVIEWS359 As a farmer, a traveler, and a general observer, he made notes of weather, crops, the price of grain, and the abundance of the harvest. Roberts made references to road conditions and road maintenance; also, he wrote about travel on foot, on horseback, by wagon or sleigh, and on the new railroad to Columbus. Frequently ill health, mortality, and the quality of medical practice were mentioned in Roberts's records, which refer to the early deaths of many ofhis recent schoolmates. This volume may appeal to general readers, as well as to students of popular culture, because its subject matter often is inherently interesting and its writing style is quite readable. Roberts made observations of life during the Civil War that are of interest to readers ofthis journal. He repeatedly expressed support of the Union cause. While not serving in the Union army, he criticized the policies of President Lincoln and the Republican party. In consequence some of his acquaintances called him a Copperhead traitor. Roberts made observations about various topics of life on the homefront, including the enlistment of volunteers, the reaction to conscription announcements, the raising of bounty monies, the hiring of substitutes, and the news of Confederate general John Hunt Morgan's invasion of Ohio. William W. Giffin Indiana State University Editor 's Note: In her review of The Battlefields ofthe...

Towards pupils' self‐image enhancement: The EASI teaching programme

Tony Charlton and John Hunt focus on effects of teachers' verbal and non‐verbal behaviours upon pupils' self‐image and academic performance. They evaluate outcomes of the Enhancement Approaches to the Self‐Image teaching programme upon student teachers' classroom behaviour. Results hint at ways in which facets of the teaching process can be orchestrated to enhance pupils' self‐image.

Mosby's Rangers (review)

168civil war history Dana and his men pulled out of Monterrey in December 1846 and marched to Tampico, where they joined the forces assembling under the leadership of Winfield Scott in preparation for the expedition against Mexico City. In deference to "Old Fuss and Feathers," the lieutenant shaved off his beard "instead of waiting to be ordered to do it" (171). The siege of Veracruz turned out to be "more tedious and harrassing than dangerous" (190). The day before his twenty-fifth birthday, Dana received notification of his promotion to first lieutenant. Within a week, he was gravely wounded during the attack on Telegraph Hill at Cerro Gordo. The war was ended for Lieutenant Dana. Robert H. Ferrell and the University of Kentucky Press staff have done an admirable job. This volume is remarkably free of typographical errors, and the editor's notes are pertinent and informative—although on occasion rather cursory. My only quarrel is with FerrelPs decision to take "some minor liberties" with the correspondence. Eliminating abbreviations , correcting misspellings, and altering capitalization and punctuation in accordance with modern standards indeed "make the letters easier for present-day readers," but it dilutes the flavor and contemporary style of the writing (xv). Nonetheless, this edition provides a rare glimpse into the mind of an American infantry officer during the Mexican conflict. Those who seek insight into the character of men who fought in the Civil War will be disappointed, however. A number of future Union and Confederate generals turn up on these pages, but invariably simply as names mentioned in passing. Dana himself is the solitary military figure brought to life in these letters. Willard Carl Klunder Wichita State University Mosby's Rangers. By Jeffrey D. Wert. (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990. Pp. 384. $22.95.) New books in recent years have called attention to guerrilla fighting during the Civil War. For instance, James A. Ramage reevaluated the escapades of John Hunt Morgan in Rebel Raider (1986), and Michael Fellman reinvestigated the guerrillas of Missouri with Inside War (1989). Furthermore, Richard E. Beringer, et al., offered comments about the possibilities of wide-scale guerrilla action by Southerners in their provocative study, Why the South Lost the Civil War (1986). Now Jeffrey D. Wert presents a fresh view of the "Gray Ghost," John Singleton Mosby, and his battalion of rangers that operated in Northern Virginia. Wert has pursued his research in an exemplary fashion and uncovered some new primary sources. Therefore, his work will replace Virgil C. Jones's Ranger Mosby (1940). The two books are similar in style, written in a snappy, action-filled narrative in which excited riders splash across BOOK REVIEWS169 creeks, wounded soldiers tumble from their saddles, and concerned officers furrow their brows as they receive new orders. In other words, Wert writes with dash; the historical figures in his book move vivaciously across the page. As a writer, Wert succeeds in revitalizing his subjects, but he is on softer ground in his points of analysis about Mosby and his rangers. The author contends that "the 43rd Battalion was a matchless body of guerrillas" and he strongly argues in support of that thesis throughout the book. He also claims that Mosby's battalion was "probably the most renowned combat unit of the Civil War" (9). Supporters of the Iron Brigade or the 54th Massachusetts or the Stonewall Brigade may disagree. Moreover, Wert contends that Mosby "had no rival as a guerrilla officer" during the Civil War (22). Some would agree that Mosby was the top guerrilla leader in the eastern theater, but the likes of William C. Quantrill and John Hunt Morgan might lay claim to at least rival Mosby. Wert asserts that "combat was an imperative" for Mosby (33) but then goes on to carefully describe raids designed to take high-ranking Union officers prisoner, capture wagons, procure horses or supplies, or cut telegraph wires. The rangers fought, to be sure, and did not shrink from combat when it came their way; however, like many guerrillas they lived to execute hit-and-run raids, fulfilling limited objectives while taking the fewest casualties possible. The successful, well-publicized forays with light losses kept recruits flocking to...

Simple two-laser optical heterodyne system with large transmitter-local oscillator isolation

A method for frequency locking the transmitter and the local oscillator lasers with large optical isolation in a field environment is reported.

Condition-Dependent Sex Ornaments and Field Tests of Sexual-Selection Theory

Condition-Dependent Sex Ornaments and Field Tests of Sexual-Selection Theory

Book Reviews

Book reviwed in this articleWhat Do Our 17‐Year‐Olds Know? By Diane Ravitch and Chester E. Finn Jr.Reflections on History and Historians. By Theodore S. Hamerow.Domesday Economy: A New Approach to Anglo‐Norman History. By John McDonald and G. D. Snooks.Anatomy of a Crusade: 1213–1221. By James M. Powell.Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian‐Islamic Frontier. [The Middle Ages Series.] By James William Brodman.Literature and Society in Medieval France: The Mirror and. the Image, 1100–1500. By Lynette R. Muir.Revolution Reassessed: Revisions in the History of Tudor Government and Administration. Edited by Christopher Coleman and David Starkey.Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England, 1560–1640. By A. L. Beier.The Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart London. By Harold J. Cook.Schemes & Undertakings: A Study of English Politics in the Seventeenth Century. By Clayton Roberts.Wallington's World: A Puritan Artisan in Seventeenth‐Century London. By Paul S. Seaver.The English Atlantic, 1675–1740: An Exploration of Communication and Community. By Ian K. Steele.Captain Kidd and the War Against the Pirates. By Robert C. Ritchie.Lord Grenville: 1759–1834. By Peter Jupp.A Mid‐Victorian Feminist, Barbara Leigh Smith Bodichon. By Sheila R. Herstein.Religion in the Lives of English Women, 1760–1930. By Gail MalmgreenThe Transformation of Britain, 1830–1939. [Vol. 5 of The Making of Britain, 1066–1939. Edited by Andrew Wheatcroft.] By G. E. Mingay.Liberalism and Naval Strategy: Ideology, Interest and Sea Power during the Pax Britannica. By Bernard Semmel.Liberalism and Liberal Politics in Edwardian England. By George L. Bernstein.Britain's Informal Empire in the Middle East: A Case Study of Iraq, 1929–1941. By Daniel Silverfarb.The d'Aligres de la Rivière: Servants of the Bourbon State in the Seventeenth Century. By D. J. Sturdy.Mortal Politics in Eighteenth‐Century France. By George Armstrong Kelly.France 1789–1815: Revolution and Counterrevolution. By D. M. G. Sutherland.Society, Theory and the French Revolution: Studies in the Revolutionary Imaginary. By Brian C. J. Singer.Disease and Civilization: The Cholera in Paris, 1832. By François Delaporte. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer.The Great War and the French People. By Jean‐Jacques Becker.Town and Country under Fascism: The Transformation of Brescia, 1915–1926. By Alice A. Kelikian.Frederick the Great: The Magnificent Enigma. By Robert Asprey.American Money and the Weimar Republic: Economics and Politics on the Eve of the Great Depression. By William C. McNeil.Communist Resistance in Nazi Germany. By Allan Merson.Karl Kraus: Apocalyptic Satirist: Culture and Catastrophe in Habsburg Vienna. By Edward Timms.Poland, the United States, and the Stabilization of Europe, 1919–1933. By Neal Pease.Industrialization and Social Inequality in 19th‐Century Europe. By Hartmut Kaelble. Translated by Bruce Little.Serfdom and Social Control in Russia: Petrovskoe, a Village in Tambou. By Steven L. Hoch.Russia Against Japan, 1904–1905: A New Look at the Russo‐Japanese War. By J. N. Westwood.Liberty and Power, 1600–1760. [Vol. 1 of Liberty in America: 1600 to the Present.] By Oscar and Lilian Handlin.Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan. By James A. Ramage.Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America. By Dale T. Knoble.Christian Reconstruction: The American Missionary Association and Southern Blacks, 1861–1890. By Joe M. Richardson.Origins of the Federal Reserve System: Money, Class, and Corporate Capitalism, 1890–1913. By James Livingston.The Labor of Words: Literary Professionalism in the Progressive Era. By Christopher P. Wilson.Keeper of Concentration Camps: Dillon S. Myer and American Racism. By Richard Drinnon.The Rise of American Air Power: The Creation of Armageddon. By Michael S. Sherry.Agricultural Legacies: Essays in Honor of Gilbert C. Fite. Edited by R. Alton Lee.Divided Counsel: The Anglo‐American Response to Communist Victory in China. By Edwin W. Martin.Essays on the Mexican War. [Walter Prescott Webb Memorial Lectures, No. 20.] Edited by Douglas W. Richmond.Populism In the Mountain West. By Robert W. Larson.American Frontier and Western Issues: A Historiographical Review. Edited by Roger L. Nichols.Trails South: The Wagon Road Economy in the Dodge City‐Panhandle Region. By C. Robert Haywood.Wolf and the Winds. By Frank Bird Linderman.The Fatal Shore: The Epic of Australia's Founding. By Robert Hughes.To Be a Slave in Brazil, 1550–1888. By Katia M. de Queirós Mattoso. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer.World of Sorrow: The African Slave Trade to Brazil. By Robert Edgar Conrad.Black Labor on a White Canal: Panama, 1904–1981. By Michael L. Conniff.

VISIONS AND REVISIONS: SOME RECENT BOOKS ON WHY THE SOUTH LOST THE CIVIL WAR

Beringer, Richard E., Herman Hattaway, Archer Jones and William N. Still, Jr. Why the South Lost the Civil War. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1986. xi + 582 pp. Ramage, James A. Rebel Raider: the Life of General John Hunt Morgan. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986. xi + 306 pp. Ballard, Michael B. A Long Shadow: Jefferson Davis and the Final Days of the Confederacy. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986. xi + 200 pp. Harwell, Richard and Philip N. Racine, eds. The Fiery Trail: A Union Officer's Account of Sherman's Last Campaigns. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1986. xliv + 238 pp. The first major problem of any review essayist is how to reconcile the usual radical differences among the books examined. In this case the pursuit is made easier because all four deal with some aspect of why the Confederacy lost the Civil War. Indeed, central to this review is Beringer, Hattaway, Jones and Still's Why the South Lost the Civil War. Historians have, as Ludwell Johnson pointed out in 1971, provided decades of interpretation of the reasons why the South lost. Many of them have dwelt on single causes such as the numerical supremacy of the North in human and material resources, in industries, and in strategy and command; others have looked at the less tangible reasons of good and evil and inevitability. Over the years they have been influenced by contemporary events like the First or Second World Wars or the Vietnam War which in turn acted as catalysts for re- interpretation.1 All of this historiography was no doubt predictable, but what makes the Beringer team's efforts so important is that their long but well-written, thorough and sophisticated book is at once both a single- and multi-causal view of events; it is a study traditional yet imaginatively revisionist. Like other historians, the authors believe that the Cause was lost for many reasons, but that there is one reason first among the equals: the weakness of Southern nationalism. By means of comparative history, including examples from the Napoleonic era and from the twentieth century, the authors explore the physical and moral factors, the military stalemate, the internal Confederate problems, the dissolution of military power, and finally the loss of public will as the South reconciled itself to defeat. The reader learns how the Secession states' original goal of preservation of slavery and winning of independence fell victim to the emancipation of slavery and to a centrist government's need to meet worsening military problems. In defeat, the former goals were replaced by a belief in white supremacy, states' rights and honour. As the supposedly sacrosanct original tenets crashed, there was not a sufficiently Confederate nationalist distinctiveness to ward off a dismal collapse. Nor was it enough to keep the states fighting, even though sufficient military effectives were present to sustain war indefinitely. Thus the Lost Cause, born in the Confederacy's last days, became during the reconstruction the civil religion of the Southern states whose tenets were white supremacy, honour and states' rights within the Union. To the vanquished, it was a salvaged victory of a sort.

Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan.

first full biography of the famous Confederate cavalry leader from Kentucky. It provides fresh, unpublished information on all aspects of Morgan's life and furnishes a new perspective on the Civil War. In a highly original interpretation, Ramage portrays Morgan as a revolutionary guerrilla chief. Using the tactics of guerrilla war and making his own rules, Morgan terrorized federal provost marshals in an independent campaign to protect Confederate sympathizers in Kentucky. He killed pickets and used the enemy uniform as a disguise, frequently masquerading as a Union officer. Employing civilians in the fighting, he set off a cycle of escalating violence which culminated in an unauthorized policy of retaliation by his command on the property of Union civilians. To many southerners, Morgan became the prime model of a popular movement for guerrilla warfare that led to the Partisan Ranger Act. For Confederates he was the ideal romantic cavalier, the Francis Marion of the War, and they make him a folk hero who was especially adored by women. Discerning fact from folklore, Ramage describes Morgan's strengths and weaknesses and suggests that excessive dependence on his war bride contributed to his declining success. The author throws new light on the Indiana-Ohio Raid and the suspenseful escape from the Ohio Penitentiary and unravels the mysteries around Morgan's death in Greeneville, Tennessee. Rebel Raider also shows how in the popular mind John Hunt Morgan was deified as a symbol of the Lost Cause.

Reviews and Short Notices

Reviews and Short Notices

<sc>james a. ramage</sc>. <italic>Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan</italic>. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1986. Pp. xi, 306. $25.00

james a. ramage. Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1986. Pp. xi, 306. $25.00 Get access Ramage James A.. Rebel Raider: The Life of General John Hunt Morgan. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1986. Pp. xi, 306. $25.00. Gary W. Gallagher Gary W. Gallagher Pennsylvania State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 92, Issue 4, October 1987, Page 1037, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/92.4.1037 Published: 01 October 1987

The Journal of John Churchman: A Wartime Publication

HISTORICAL NOTES THE JOURNAL OF JOHN CHURCHMAN: A WARTIME PUBLICATION A. Day Bradley* Philadelphia Yearly Meeting and its Meeting for Sufferings had no dearth of problems in the years 1776-1779. They were confronted with the sharp conflict between Quaker testimonies and the requirement of an oath of abjuration and allegiance, the rejection or acceptance of the continental currency, fines for failure to join the military establishment, the exile of prominent Friends from Philadelphia to Virginia and the execution of John Roberts of Merion and Abraham Carlisle of Philadelphia in 1779.1 It was in these troublous times that George Churchman of Nottingham Monthly Meeting submitted the manuscript Journal of his father, John Churchman, to the Meeting for Sufferings on the 1 1th of 4th mo. 1776. The meeting appointed Israel Pemberton, James Pemberton, John Hunt, John Reynell and James Thorton "to peruse and report." On the 19th of 9th mo. 1776 the Committee reported that the Journal "contains many matters instructive and useful and worthy of preservation."2 On the 5th of 1 1th mo. 1777 it was reported that "several of the Friends appointed to revise the Journal of John Churchman were *A. Day Bradley is professor emeritus of history, Lehman College, City University of New York. 1.See Arthur J. Mekeel, The Relation of the Quakers to the American Revolution (Washington, D.C., 1979), chapters 9-11. 2.Manuscript minutes of the meeting for sufferings, Quaker Collection, Haverford College, 4th mo. llth, 9th mo. 19th, 1776. Several generations of the Churchman family were prominent in the settlement known as the Nottingham Lots, which included an area now in northern Cecil County, Maryland, but settled by grant from Penn in 1701-02. The Nottingham settlement was part of Chester County, Pennsylvania, until the Mason and Dixon Line placed practically all the original grants by Penn in Maryland. For historical accounts of the Nottingham settlement see: J. Smith Futhey and Gilbert Cope, History of Chester County, Pennsylvania, (Philadelphia, 1881), 196-198; Kirk Brown, Bi-Centennial ofBrick Meeting House, (Lancaster, 1903), 30-32; Levi K. Brown, An Account ofthe Meetings ofBaltimore Yearly Meeting, (Philadelphia, 1875), 32-39, 55-62. For the genealogy of the early settlers in Nottingham see "Early Settlers of the Nottingham Lots" National Genealogical Society Quarterly, vol. 70 (1982), 282-294. 62 Historical Notes63 in exile and Lhe following Friends are desired to unite with the remaining part of the Committee in perfecting this service, to wit, James Emlen Jr., Samuel Smith, Joseph Bringhurst and William Wilson." The members of the Committee who were in exile were James and Israel Pemberton and John Hunt.3 Publication was suspended in 9th mo. 1778 due to "scarcity of paper, cost of binding ," and the "extraordinary expense of printing." In 6th mo. 1779, however, an agreement was concluded with the printer Joseph Crukshank as follows: The printer Joseph Crukshank agrees to print at least 4000 copies on Type and Paper agreeable to a Specimen herewith at 2s. a Book. And to deliver to such Friends as may be appointed by each Quarterly or Monthly Meeting the number of books subscribed. The price for binding should not exceed 18d. or 2s. for each Book in Sheep, Calfskin not being able to be procured. The paper is of his own and Pardners making and he proposes to proceed without delay. James Pemberton, Henry Drinker, Joseph Bringhurst and Nicholas Wain were appointed to supervise the work and correct proof sheets.4 Previous to the agreement with Crukshank 2523 subscriptions had been received:5 Gunpowder Monthly Meeting209 Warrington and Fairfax Quarterly Meeting337 Shrewsbury Monthly Meeting144 Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting895 Moses Brown50 Chester Quarterly Meeting446 Bucks Quarterly Meeting262 Western Quarterly Meeting586 Burlington Quarterly Meeting494 New England Meetings for Sufferings300 Gloucester and Salem Quarterly Meeting443 Third Haven Monthly Meeting20 Cecil Monthly Meeting100 3.Mekeel, 186, note 31. 4.See meeting for sufferings minutes for the dates indicated. 5.Meeting for sufferings minutes, 2nd mo. 18th to llth mo. llth, 1779, passim. 64Quaker History Joseph Smith lists eight editions of the Journal as follows:6 Philadelphia, 1779 Reprint, London, 1780 Reprint, London, 1781 Reprint, Dublin, 1781 Reprint, Philadelphia, 1818 London, 1829 Friends Library, Lindfield (England), 1835 [vol. 11...

The Children of Blood

OL· Ckiíáxzn o^Blooá by ÜBstty ¿¿a?te?. ANDREW Chapter IX m The Preacher came with the first cold thunderstorm, his voice blowing up the hill among the shivering trees, his words rising even above the sound of thunder. We heard and opened the door. He led his horse inside, water running in rivulets down its bony sides, and it stood miserable with one forefoot propped aimless against the other as The Preacher knocked the rain from his bedraggled old hat and stamped his boots on the earthen floor of the barn. Where did he shelter, now that the church was burned? I stared at him, remembering the phophecy in the woods. "Praise be His Almighty Goodness! Let us pray, Brothers, Our dear Heavenly Father Who hast led us into the wilderness where we have wandered starving and feeding upon manna these forty years, deliver us from the storm of Thy wrath and the deluge of Thy Vengeance." Hebe and Zella went stoically to their knees. I bowed my head, stealing a glance at Darius, who stood as though transfixed before the sight of this violent spectre with rainsoaked hair and sodden clothes. We had just finished eating. Our cracked and fire-worn dishes were scattered here and there about the stove where we had been seated. Sabina sat with her face turned away, suddenly very pale and ill-looking, holding Hazlitt's coat clutched tight about her. The faded ribbon Zella had tied about the bright hair 59 had loosened, allowing it to slip and fall forward over her shoulder. Her hand trembled in its grasp on Hazlitt's coat. What is it? I thought. What is this feeling I have, a sensation of doom, some prescience of impending terribleness? "Lift us from the shadow of Thy wrathful sword, O Exalted Jehovah, lead Thy children through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, lend them Thy rod of wisdom and Thy staff of solace, feed them upon the fruit ofThy bountiful goodness, and they shall dwell in the House of the Lord forever and ever, Amen in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, Three separate and unified in one Being, the undying Holy Trinity, Amen." "Amen," we echoed. "Well, Brothers and Sisters," he said, his voice rising to the rafters and causing the Yankee horses to stir and mill about in their open place beyond us. The storm had made them restless, and now his loud voice frightened them. "Morgan is dead, that gallant flower of the Confederacy." Then seeing the horses, he frowned and turned past us to the barrier we had set up between their area and ours. His boots squished as he stalked forward. Then he stopped and stared at the horses for a long time, while we waited behind him, startled into guilt. "Where is Brother Kincaid?" As he wheeled to confront us, his eyes roved over all of us. Blazing and wild. He pointed a finger at Darius. "You, stranger! Explain this overwhelming bounty which I find in the midst of the desert," but without waiting, turning then to Hebe, "Where is your master?" Hebe rose from his knees and put his hand back behind him against the wall for support. "Done passed on, Preacher. Five weeks ago tomorrow. We didn't know where to send for you, so we laid him away and said a few Bible verses over him." "You consider that a proper burial for a deacon of the ordained congregation ? You, Hazlitt! Are you tending his flocks?" I hesitated, uncertain ofhis meaning. Finally, beneath the burning weight of his eyes, I nodded my head, waiting for the proper time so that I might ask him about John Hunt Morgan and if he had received any word of Father. "Glory be to God," he yelled then. "And a little child shall lead them!" Beginning to pace back and forth before the barrier, turning now and then to survey us with his savage eyes. The horses moved in a group to the farthest corner, away from him, and when his pacing brought him close to that corner, they plunged in a group to...

Isaac McCaslin's Failed Bid for Adulthood

AV7HAT iS left to say about Faulkner's The Bear ? Surely it is one of the most over-analyzed short stories we have. Nonetheless, even if we blush to open it to further analysis, we recognize that its brilliance consists exactly in the complexity which rewards repeated scrutiny. In any case, a question remains regarding Isaac McCaslin's almost unfathomable failure. Most recent critics indict Isaac's choice of quiescence over action when he relinquishes his land. While early Faulkner criticism entertained the notion that acted out the part of a transcendent Christian hero, more current studies agree with John Hunt's interpretation that, at best, is a failed Christian hero-if he may be spoken of in religious terms at all.1 Perhaps most representative of contemporary is Judith Wittenberg's assertion that Ike's passivity constitutes the most troubling element of The an opinion set forward throughout the casebook Bear, Man and God, and voiced most vehemently by David Stewart in Ike McCaslin, Cop-Out.2 That Isaac's renunciation of the land is of central importance to the story has indeed become a commonplace. But if readers who thought more of him, who expected a different ending, are frustrated, the right question is why Isaac makes the wrong choice. Why does he

Talk as the Work: The Accomplishment of School Administration

An earlier version of this paper, under the same title, was presented at the annual conference of the Australian Communication Association, Sydney, 1981. The text that appears below is an extensive revision of the original. I should like to thank the threeASQ reviewers as well as my friends and colleagues Tom Greenfield, Alec McHoul, John Hunt, Philip Greenway, Alan Rice, Robin Small, Helen Praetz, Ray McCulloch, and Michael Norman for their helpful criticisms and advice during the writing of this article Thanks are also extended to Cath Henderson and Bev Schneider for typing the manuscript.

Book reviews

BOARDS OF DIRECTORS IN BRITISH INDUSTRY Christopher Brookes COMPANY ORGANISATION AND WORKER PARTICIPATION Ian B. Knight MANAGING PEOPLE AT WORK John Hunt McGraw‐Hill WORK AND POWER: THE LIBERATION OF WORK AND THE CONTROL OF POLITICAL POWER Edited by Tom R. Burns, Lars Erik Karlsson and Veljko Rus Sage Publications NEW DEAL FOR STEEL, THE IRON AND STEEL CONFEDERATION, FRANCES TIPTON UNDERSTANDING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS D. Farnham and J. Pimlott Cassell

SHORT REVIEWS

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