Job Stability Research Articles

A Dynamic View of the Challenge-Hindrance Stressor Framework: a Meta-Analysis of Daily Diary Studies

Are some daily job stressors good for employees? The challenge-hindrance stressor framework (CHSF) attempts to shed light on this question by categorizing stressors according to their ability to facilitate (challenge stressors) or inhibit (hindrance stressors) growth and achievement. According to the CHSF, challenge stressors should be associated with increased performance, but also with increased strain which subsequently hurts performance. Conversely, hindrance stressors should be associated with reduced performance both directly and indirectly via strain. Prior meta-analytic investigations have focused on more stable job stressors (using cross-sectional or longitudinal primary studies), and found contradicting resulted in support of the CHSF predictions. In the current meta-analysis, we tested the validity of the CHSF using a more dynamic view of stressors, by applying it to short-term, daily experiences of stressors, strains, and performance outcomes. Results from 78 unique samples indicated that at the within-person level, hindrance stressors have both a direct and an indirect (via strain) short-term effect on performance. Challenge stressors have a positive direct effect on performance but a negative indirect effect via strain. Furthermore, we examined two performance indicators separately: task performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). The results revealed that challenge stressors have a stronger positive association with OCB than with task performance. Hindrance stressors exhibited the opposite pattern, a stronger negative association with task performance than with OCB. The results of this study suggest that all daily stressors result in strain, which negatively relates to performance, though challenge stressors also have some positive effects on daily performance.

Saudi social work students' perceptions of future career: A quantitative and qualitative research in light of changes in the labor market and social representations of jobs

This study explores the views of Saudi social work students about their career prospects, especially considering the reduced job openings for students in humanities and social sciences. Unlike most research that focuses on science and medical fields, this study aims to bridge the gap by examining social work students. It employs surveys and focus groups to understand why students choose social work as a major and what they expect from their careers post-graduation. The findings reveal that students often choose this major not out of passion or a calling but to gain a university degree and secure a government job, which offers job stability and social status. The extended wait for employment has led to a willingness to take up jobs previously seen as unsuitable for Saudis. Additionally, the lack of university support in career planning leaves many students feeling uncertain and doubtful, highlighting the issue of transitioning from education to the workforce.

Educational field, economic uncertainty, and fertility decline in Finland in 2010-2019.

Fertility declined sharply and unexpectedly in Finland in the 2010s across educational levels. Using Finnish register data, we calculated total fertility rates (TFRs) and the proportion of women expected to have a first birth in 2010-2019 for 153 educational groups-reflecting field and level-and estimated how the characteristics of a group predicted its decline. As the educational field predicts factors related to economic uncertainty, heterogeneity in fertility decline across fields could shed light on the role of economic uncertainty behind the recent fertility decline. In general, women with the highest initial fertility levels (health, welfare, and education) and women in agriculture experienced weaker fertility declines (around -20% or less), while women with the lowest initial levels (ICT, arts and humanities) experienced stronger declines (around -40% or more). The extent of the fertility decline increased with higher unemployment and lower income levels in the field and with a lower share employed in the public sector. These uncertainty measures together explained one-fourth of the decline in TFR and two-fifths of the decline in first births. The results imply that fertility declined across all groups, but those with stable job prospects escaped very strong declines. Objective economic uncertainty is one aspect that mattered for the recent fertility decline.

What goes on behind the scenes? Exploring status perceptions, working conditions and job satisfaction of audio describers

ABSTRACT This paper explores the working conditions, status perceptions and job satisfaction of audio describers, professionals involved in the process of producing audio description for individuals with visual impairments. The study employed an online questionnaire to gather insights from a total of 150 respondents working as professional describers. The main findings reveal a prevailing sense of invisibility among audio describers as a professional group in society. Furthermore, respondents expressed dissatisfaction with their income level and the inherent lack of job stability in the audio description profession. This was particularly prominent among freelancers, as opposed to in-house audio describers. Despite these challenges, respondents in this study exhibited a high overall level of job satisfaction, echoing a paradox also present in studies on translators. This satisfaction is primarily attributed to the opportunity to utilise their skills and expertise while making a meaningful impact on the lives of others.

Individual, Familial and Environmental Risk Factors for Treatment Relapse Among Patients with Substance Use Disorders in Kerala: A Mixed Method Study

ABSTRACT A statewide mixed-methods study was conducted at government-funded deaddiction centers in Kerala, India, to examine the psycho-socioeconomic risk factors of addiction relapse. 435 randomly selected participants from 36 Government-funded centers were included in the quantitative assessment. Among them, 50 were purposively selected for qualitative assessment. The quantitative assessment examined self-esteem, personality dimensions, and various risk factors associated with relapse. On the other hand, the qualitative assessment explored individual, psychological, familial, societal, and economic challenges. Among the beneficiaries, 271 were current and 166 ex-beneficiaries, and among the latter, 73 had addiction relapse. Relapsed patients were younger, had relatively stable jobs, used multiple substances more frequently, and had a family history of addiction. Additionally, individual risk factors of impulsivity and environmental risk factors of association with deviant peers were prevalent. Qualitative analysis identified risk and protective factors under three major domains – individual, environmental and familial. In relapsed patients, the individual and psychological vulnerabilities were activated by social and familial triggers. Though the family was protective, the patient’s expectations from the family were dissimilar and vague, which would be clarified during the treatment process. Therefore, the research suggests developing a patient-centric and process-driven personal care plan to prevent the risk of addiction relapse.

How Does Psychosocial Safety Climate Address Hotel employees’ Job Embeddedness and Organizational Commitment During Crisis?

ABSTRACT The pandemic crisis has prompted hotel employees to look for more stable jobs, resulting in a labor shortage that may impede the recovery of the hotel industry. Drawing upon the job demands-resources model, the current research intends to investigate how COVID-19-induced job risk and job stress influence employees’ affective organizational commitment under the mediating role of job embeddedness and the moderating role of psychosocial safety climate. Analytical results from the data obtained from 583 hotel employees reveal that job embeddedness significantly mediates the effects of both job risk and job stress on affective organizational commitment. Additionally, the moderating impact of psychosocial safety climate from perceived job risk is statistically significant, showing that employees with a low degree of psychosocial safety climate are more inclined to reduce their job embeddedness, whereas no difference was found in the effect from job stress.

Investigating local policy responses to support care-experienced young people in China – A scoping review

An increasing amount of attention is being paid to young people with care experience on an international scale. They are often associated with negative outcomes after leaving care, such as low educational attainment, unstable housing, job instability and social exclusion. While many countries have prescribed social policies for supporting them for a more fruitful transition out of care, there is little information available in the context of China at local levels. Given this, this paper maps and examines existing local policies, exploring how local authorities support care-experienced young people in China. To achieve, it adopts a scoping review. The findings highlight (i) China’s local polices as a whole prescribe a variety of services, resources, and/or measures to support care-experienced young people, of which housing and employment are at the top of the list; (ii) current policy responses are insufficient, and opportunities of this group of people to access the stipulated support are quite limited. The findings of this study indicate that policymakers need to improve local policies in order to make them more operable, sophisticated, and comprehensive, so that care-experienced young people can reap the greatest benefits from them. Also, a national leaving-care policy that provides guidance to local authorities should be considered, adding consistency and clarity to relevant policies across the country. The limitations of this paper relate mainly to its review methods, which point to the need to expand data sources and conduct cross-reviews to enhance the findings’ credibility and robustness.

Job Security and Teacher’s Job Retention in Private and Public Secondary Schools in Delta State

The study investigated the correlation between job security and teacher retention in private and public secondary schools in Delta State. The study utilised a correlational research design. The study included a total of 21,257 teachers from Delta State, with 11,777 teachers from public schools and 9,480 teachers from private schools. The study's sample comprised 1,178 teachers from private and public secondary schools in Delta State. This number represents 10% of the total population. The selection of participants was done using the stratified sampling technique. The data gathering process utilised the Influence of Job Security and Job Retention Questionnaire (IJSJRQ). IJSJRQ underwent validation by three specialists. The reliability of IJSJRQ was determined by the use of Cronbach Alpha, which resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.81. The data obtained were examined via the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test statistics. The findings indicated a notable correlation between job security and teacher's job retention in both private and public secondary schools in Delta State. Additionally, there was a significant disparity in job security between teachers in private and public schools in the State, with public school teachers having a more favourable situation. The researcher concluded that job security had a beneficial impact on the ability of teachers to remain in their positions. Nevertheless, the level of job stability is greater in public schools. The study, among others, recommended that secondary school administrators in both public and private institutions enhance the working environment of their teachers.

The Impact of Social Integration Factors on the Residency Intention of Young College Students

This study utilizes data from the 2017 National Dynamic Monitoring Survey of Floating Population to select young college students and establish a binary logistic regression model to explore the impact of social integration factors on the residency intention of young college students. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis is conducted on young college students in the intention stage. The study shows that 58.82% of young college students have a long-term residency intention. The higher the level of economic integration, institutional matching, cultural integration, social participation, and psychological identification, the greater the likelihood of their willingness to reside long-term. The key factor influencing the residency choice of young college students in the intention stage is the familys monthly income. In order to retain young college students with higher human capital and lay the foundation for high-quality and sustainable urban development, relevant policies should be implemented to increase their income, enhance job stability, and provide them with humanistic care and opportunities for social participation.

Job satisfaction of Spanish and Portuguese optometrists

PurposeGiven the increase in demand for optometry services by society and the importance of the Optometry profession in Portugal and Spain, the objective of this study was to determine job satisfaction and important factors related to this satisfaction in a sample of Portuguese and Spanish optometrists. MethodsA prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was carried out from June to December 2021. An adaptation of the 15-item job satisfaction in eye-care personnel (JSEP) questionnaire validated by Paudel et al. was administered to Portuguese and Spanish optometrists. The questionnaire was shared through different social media (Facebook, LinkedIn, WhatsApp, etc.) in a Google form during the months of June to December 2021 in Portugal and Spain. ResultsA total of 530 surveys were collected in Portugal (42.3%; n = 224) and Spain (57.7%; n = 306). The factors that most influence overall job satisfaction are salary, career development opportunities, recognition/prestige in society, good work-life balance (all p<0.001), workplace equipment and facilities, and encouragement reward positive feedback (both p = 0.002). When comparing the determinants of job satisfaction of optometrists, it was found that Portuguese professionals were generally more satisfied than Spanish ones (p<0.001). However, Spanish optometrists reported feeling more supported by their colleagues (p<0.001). ConclusionThis study has shown that the level of job satisfaction was higher in Portugal than in Spain. The most important factors influencing job satisfaction were salary, job stability, and support from colleagues.

Employee Perspectives on Financial Distress in Imo State Hospitality Industry

Financial distress in the hospitality industry affects both businesses and their employees. This study explores the perspectives of employees on financial distress within the hospitality sector in Imo State, Nigeria. The study addressed three research questions. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The study was carried out in Imo State Nigeria. 361 financial officers in the hotels within the hospitality industry in Owerri Imo State were the target population and random sampling was used to select 181 hotels whose financial officers served as the study respondents. Structured questionnaire was specifically designed for this study. The data was analyzed using mean, and standard deviation to provide an overview of employee perspectives on financial distress. The results indicate that a wide range of variables, such as economic downturns, irregular revenue, high cost of living, and management concerns within businesses, are responsible for financial hardship among employees in the hotel industry in Imo State. Employees also mentioned that worry, anxiety, and job instability were direct effects of their financial hardship. Based on the results, a number of suggestions are made to lessen financial hardship. These include putting in place financial literacy initiatives for staff members, enhancing management-staff communication and transparency, supporting ethical labor practices, and encouraging social support systems within the workplace.

Impact of Job Security on the Work Behaviour of Casual Workers in a University Setting in Kwara State, Nigeria

Workplace dedication, work habits, and employee motivation are all highly impacted by job security. Casual workers at Nigerian universities face unique challenges that sometimes result in job instability because they are employed temporarily. In order to better understand how job security influences casual workers’ motivation, performance, and engagement at Kwara State Universities, this study looks into how these workers behave at work. The investigation is framed by the Job Security-Performance Theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires. Taro Yamane’s technique was used to establish the sample size, which came out to be 363 participants. The target population consisted of 1,333 casual workers across three colleges. Structured questionnaires and in-person interviews were used to gather the data, which were then analysed using SPSS for quantitative data and theme analysis for qualitative data. 53.2% of temporary employees do not have written contracts, which adds to job insecurity, according to the report. There was variation in the perception of job security; 20.1% felt highly secure, while 40.2% felt uneasy. Motivation was found to be highly impacted by job security, as indicated by over 53% of participants. Furthermore, due to concerns about job security, 39.9% of temporary employees are likely to look for permanent opportunities elsewhere. The demographic research reveals that the workforce is highly educated and dominated by men. The results highlight how important job security is in determining the motivation and conduct of casual employees. Universities should strengthen job security measures and establish clearer contractual agreements to boost worker satisfaction and performance. Policymakers ought to think about creating laws that promote the rights of casual employees and foster their professional growth while addressing employment instability.

Impact of Job Security on the Work Behaviour of Casual Workers in a University Setting in Kwara State, Nigeria

Workplace dedication, work habits, and employee motivation are all highly impacted by job security. Casual workers at Nigerian universities face unique challenges that sometimes result in job instability because they are employed temporarily. In order to better understand how job security influences casual workers’ motivation, performance, and engagement at Kwara State Universities, this study looks into how these workers behave at work. The investigation is framed by the Job Security-Performance Theory, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires. Taro Yamane’s technique was used to establish the sample size, which came out to be 363 participants. The target population consisted of 1,333 casual workers across three colleges. Structured questionnaires and in-person interviews were used to gather the data, which were then analysed using SPSS for quantitative data and theme analysis for qualitative data. 53.2% of temporary employees do not have written contracts, which adds to job insecurity, according to the report. There was variation in the perception of job security; 20.1% felt highly secure, while 40.2% felt uneasy. Motivation was found to be highly impacted by job security, as indicated by over 53% of participants. Furthermore, due to concerns about job security, 39.9% of temporary employees are likely to look for permanent opportunities elsewhere. The demographic research reveals that the workforce is highly educated and dominated by men. The results highlight how important job security is in determining the motivation and conduct of casual employees. Universities should strengthen job security measures and establish clearer contractual agreements to boost worker satisfaction and performance. Policymakers ought to think about creating laws that promote the rights of casual employees and foster their professional growth while addressing employment instability.

Dispositional Predictors of Migration Attitudes in Omsk Students: A Socio-Demographic Aspect

Against the backdrop of alarming rates of migration population loss in the Omsk region and limited resources that can objectively retain youth in the region, there is an increasing need to analyze potential factors associated with the preconditions for the migration behavior of youth, taking into account their sociodemographic characteristics. The sociodemographic specifics of the relationships between migration attitudes and the components of subjective well-being, resilience, attitude towards the city of residence, and assessment of the migration attitudes of loved ones among Omsk students were studied. Sample: 313 schoolchildren (56.2% girls, 43.8% boys) from 14 to 17 years old and 390 students (69.7% girls and 30.3% boys) from 18 to 22 years old. Methods: testing, questionnaires, one-way analysis of variance and regression analysis. It was found that universal predictors for migration attitudes in groups of students and schoolchildren are low attachment to the city and expressed attitudes of loved ones about migration. In most of the studied socio-demographic groups, migration attitudes were associated with career orientation towards stability of place of residence, social-normative and existential-activity well-being. Specific individual psychological predictors of strengthening the migration attitudes in Omsk schoolchildren were high rates of involvement among girls, high levels of existentialactivity well-being and career orientation toward service among boys, and in Omsk university students the significant factors were low rates of involvement, orientation toward entrepreneurship, and job stability among young women, expressed career orientation to challenge among young men. Taking into account the results, directions for preventing migration risks were proposed for each socio-demographic group.

Modifying Pharmacy Enrollments by Employment Realities.

Objective: The objective of this commentary is to consider the fluctuations in pharmacy school enrollments and to review some of the strategies employed in other health care professions, as well as to consider policies that might lead to a closer balance between admissions to PharmD programs and employment opportunities. This balance provides job stability, decreased underemployment, and greater attractiveness to study pharmacy. Discussion: Pharmacy school entry requirements have been relaxed to enroll as many students as possible due to current declining applicant numbers. As a result, there are more pharmacist graduates than there are available jobs each year. As a result, the job outlook for pharmacists may go down in the future unless action is taken. Stricter entry requirements could help produce a higher quality pharmacy workforce in the future and relieve this disparity. Summary: Pharmacy schools try to accommodate as many students as possible, which can create a job disparity between the number of available jobs and pharmacists seeking work. Suggestions can include stricter entry requirements, certificate of need programs, required fellowships and other means to balance this misalignment.

Особенности субъективного благополучия и карьерных ориентаций у подростков с признаками одаренности в разных сферах активности

Background. The optimal condition for the progressive development of society is the creation of an educational environment that takes into account the psychological characteristics of gifted students in the context of achieving their subjective well-being in the present and professional well-being in the future. Objective. The aim is to study the characteristics of subjective well-being and career orientations in schoolchildren with signs of giftedness in different areas of activity. Study Participants. The comparative study involved 461 Omsk schoolchildren (groups were identified as academic, creative, sports gifted, combining two and three types of giftedness, and a control group. Methods. The comparative study involved diagnosis of subjective well-being by R.M. Shamionov and T.V. Beskova, and the teqnique for studying motivation in professional career by E. Shein in the adaptation of V.E. Vinokurova and V.A. Chiker. Results. It was revealed that the highest levels of well-being are found in adolescents who combine signs of sports talent with creative or academic giftedness. The third position is occupied by schoolchildren with signs of academic giftedness. The lowest integral indicators of well-being are observed among adolescents with signs of creative giftedness and those who combine signs of giftedness in the creative and academic spheres. The dominant career orientations of adolescents with creative achievements are autonomy, professional competence, job stability, integration of lifestyles. The orientation towards entrepreneurship is most closely associated with well-being. Those with achievements in sports orient towards management and entrepreneurship, which are also interconnected with the growth of emotional and existential-effective well-being. Service orientation is more pronounced in adolescents who have signs of sports and creative talent. Teenagers who combine signs of all three types of giftedness show the lowest indicators of career orientations in the absence of their connection with well-being and unformed accents in the profile. Conclusion. The features and interrelations of the components of subjective well-being and career orientations in schoolchildren with signs of giftedness in different areas of activity: academic, creative, sports, and their combinations, which are the basis for the psychological support of gifted adolescents, are determined.

Relationship between satisfaction with life and work and work functioning impairment among Japanese animators.

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between presenteeism and the level of satisfaction with the work environment in the anime industry. Data from the Animation Producers Survey 2023 were analyzed. A total of 366 laborers were included in this study. Presenteeism was assessed using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). The satisfaction levels with eight items were evaluated, including current income level, income stability, working hours, workload, professional content, work relationships, job stability, and prospects for future work and work style. No significant differences were observed in the current income level and working hours, which were not according to the Effort-Reward Imbalance model, whereas those of other items were consistent with the model or the Job Demand-Control-Support model. Providing occupational health services tailored to the industry's characteristics is necessary for preventing occupational dysfunction among animators.

A Phenomenological Study of Outsourcing and Employee Relations Management in Lagos State, Nigeria

The objective of the research is to examine the relationship between outsourcing and employee relations management. Researchers in the past have emphasised why companies should outsource based on cost savings and gaining a competitive edge, while others focus on the assumed unpalatable effects of outsourcing. Nevertheless, the impact of outsourcing on the relationship between labour and management has long been understudied. This research used a survey design with a sample size of 100. Responses from 63 employees of the selected organisations comprising twenty-five (25) from outsourced employees and thirty- eight (38) from full-time employees. The data was acquired using a convenience sample approach and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square(X2) with a significance threshold of 0.01. The study established a significant relationship between outsourcing and employee relations management, and the elements that influence outsourcing decisions, which are cost savings, corporate focus, and access to world-class expertise, impacted labour-management relations in organisations. Based on the findings, it was recommended that organisations must find a way to outsource non-core activities, using outsourced individuals who can do it better, thereby focusing on core business operations where they have an edge and can outperform their competition while also managing employee relations through better remuneration, communication, leadership, training and job stability.

Bibliometric Mapping of Employment Deprivation

Employment Deprivation encompasses more than unemployment and underemployment, highlighting systemic barriers to stable work. This research employs bibliometric analysis to explore its multifaceted nature, revealing significant psychological, economic, and social impacts on marginalized groups. Through mapping global scholarly contributions, it identifies key authors, countries, and seminal works and uncovers research gaps and trends. The study emphasizes the roles of race, gender, disability, and socioeconomic status in labour market outcomes, revealing the limitations of conventional unemployment metrics in fully capturing labour market outcomes. The concept of employment deprivation is proposed to address these gaps, advocating for policies that not only focus on job creation but also improve the quality of work and promote labour market inclusivity. The study demonstrates how inadequate measures of unemployment often overlook systemic challenges faced by vulnerable populations, such as access to stable employment, equitable wages, and job security. It underscores the psychological toll of prolonged employment deprivation, including the impacts on mental health, well-being, and community stability. Additionally, it explores labour market dynamics and the importance of education and skill development in improving employment outcomes. Ultimately, this research seeks to inform and influence policy interventions aimed at fostering inclusive economics growth and improving labour market conditions for marginalized populations. By offering a nuanced understanding of the systemic challenges related to employment deprivation, the study advocates for policies that not only address job creation but also enhance job quality, inclusivity, and long-term well-being for vulnerable groups.

Facing Job Uncertainties: The Lived Experiences and Challenges Encountered by Government Contractual Workers

Contractualization remains a contentious issue, particularly in the Philippines, where "Endo" (end of contract) refers to short-term employment. This qualitative phenomenological study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by job-order employees in a Philippine government agency. The study employed a descriptive-phenomenological research design. Eleven individuals employed under job order arrangements participated in semi-structured key informant interviews (KII). The collected data were analyzed using Colaizzi's approach. The results revealed the following themes regarding their challenges: insecurities, pressures, disincentives; work commitment; advancement; and optimism for coping mechanisms. Despite the challenges of job-order employment, the informants managed to perform their assigned services effectively. Additionally, they expressed a desire to become regular government employees. The study recommends that management improve job characteristics and the work environment through clear communication to increase satisfaction and retention. Employees should enhance their qualifications by obtaining master's degrees, specialized training, and attending seminars to improve job stability and prospects for permanent employment. Management should establish a clear path from temporary to permanent roles and implement a fair contract renewal process to promote stability and long-term commitment, reduce social comparison, and increase workplace productivity.