Job Risk Research Articles

The Psychological Well-Being of Southeast Asian Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19: A Multi-Country Study.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and job burnout among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) across six Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We also investigated the associated risk and protective factors. Methods: Frontline HCWs (N = 1381) from the participating countries participated between 4 January and 14 June 2021. The participants completed self-reported surveys on anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and job burnout (PWLS). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed with anxiety, depression, and job burnout as outcomes and sociodemographic and job characteristics and HCW perceptions as predictors. Results: The average proportion of HCWs reporting moderate anxiety, moderately severe depression, and job burnout across all countries were 10%, 4%, and 20%, respectively. Working longer hours than usual (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 3.51), perceived high job risk (1.98; 2.22), and inadequate personal protective equipment (1.89; 2.11) were associated with increased odds of anxiety and job burnout while working night shifts was associated with increased risk of depression (3.23). Perceived good teamwork was associated with lower odds of anxiety (0.46), depression (0.43), and job burnout (0.39). Conclusion: Job burnout remains a foremost issue among HCWs. Potential opportunities to improve HCW wellness are discussed.

Job and demographic risk factors influencing cellular mediated hypersensitivity among Nigerian Laboratory University workers in multiple chemical exposures

Background: Chemicals from laboratories represent a significant risk in cellular mediated hypersensitivity (CMH) and chemo-induced skin injury due to chemical agents present under human skin layers absorbed from the surface. This study aimed to determine the occupational and socio-demographic characteristics of the laboratory workers associated with CMH in multiple chemical exposures. Design: This was a cross-sectional study on a population-based sample of Nigerian laboratory university workers. Methods: Data were collected using the erythema index meter. The study included 287 laboratory workers. Results: The results showed that the number of positive with CMH was 176 (61.3%) with 99 (56.3%) of them were male with AOR 0.31 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.77; p=0.011). Dark-skinned participants with CMH had adjusted odd ration, AOR 0.49 (95%CI: 0.21, 081; p =0.001). Most of the respondents have college education and have been exposed for 4-5hrs in the laboratory with AOR 2.42 (95%CI: 1.10, 5.38; p = 0.049) and 3.11 (95%CI: 1.77, 9.23; p =0.001) respectively. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was 60% less likely to be significantly induced with CMH with AOR 0.40 (95%CI: 0.22, 0.77; p =0.011). The Permissible exposure limit (PEL) of chemical was less but have an induced CMH with AOR 4.22 (95%CI: 2.88, 12.11; p =0.004). Conclusion: Results revealed that sex, skin color, working experience, educational level, PPE, PEL, and time of exposure were the probable predictive factors associated with the development of CMH. This study has shown that CMH was significantly associated with occupational and demographic factors. Better educational knowledge and attitude of hazards and safety in the laboratory would lead to a reduced rate of new cases.

IMPLICIT PRICES OF JOB RISK, CLIMATE, AND AIR POLLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN

We examine the implicit price of job mortality rates, climate, and air pollution in Taiwan under the hedonic wage frame with panel data from 1999 to 2014. We adopt a fixed-effects model to control for the omitted year-specific factors and time-invariant individual, industry, and city factors that may affect the wage. The within-individual variations in climate and air pollution from workers who have changed their job locations make it possible to identify the impacts of climate and air pollution on wages. We find that workers in Taiwan are willing to pay 308 USD (in 2014 value terms) for the January temperature to increase by 1∘C,781 USD for the July temperature to decline by 1∘C, indicating a net loss from global warming. Besides, the implicit price of air quality is 45 USD for PM 10 concentrations to fall by 1 unit ([Formula: see text]), and the implicit price of job risks is 140 USD per unit (1/100,000).

Perioperative symptom burden and its influencing factors in patients with oral cancer: A longitudinal study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the symptom burden of perioperative oral cancer patients, its trajectory, and the factors influencing it. MethodsA longitudinal, repeated measures design with consecutively identified sampling was used to recruit oral cancer patients scheduled for surgical treatment. Data collected included sociodemographic and clinical information, nutritional risk by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, and symptom burden by M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck Module (MDASI-HN) at preoperation, 7 days postsurgery, and 1 month postsurgery. ResultsPerioperative patients with oral cancer had multiple symptoms. Pain, difficulty swallowing/chewing, and mouth/throat sores (61.9%–76.1%) were the most prevalent symptoms before surgery. The symptom burden was the highest at 7 days after surgery, with the most prevalent symptoms, including difficulty swallowing/chewing, difficulty with voice/speech, and problems with mucus (87.8%–95.4%). At 1 month postsurgery, the 3 main symptoms were numbness or tingling, difficulty swallowing/chewing, and difficulty with voice/speech (all 87.8%). Treatment stage, job, comorbidity, cancer stage, adjuvant therapy, and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score were correlated with symptom burdens. ConclusionsOur study illustrates that perioperative oral cancer patients have multiple symptoms and high symptom burdens, especially at 7 days postsurgery, with prominent symptoms and symptom burdens varying with the treatment stage.

Occupational safety and health hazards associated with the slaughtering and meat processing industry in urban areas of Zimbabwe: A case study of the Gweru city Municipal Abattoir

This study examined occupational safety and health hazards associated with the slaughtering and meat processing industry in the Gweru City Municipal abattoir in Zimbabwe. Qualitative and quantitative research designs were employed. The study population involved all the 23 workers including flayers and labourers who are directly involved in slaughtering and meat processing. Data was collected with questionnaire administration, interviews and field observations. Safety and health hazards associated with slaughtering and meat processing at the abattoir included physical, biological, ergonomic, mechanical, environmental and food safety hazards, all with the risk of causing significant harm to the workers. The lack of experience on job operations was one of the key risk factors increasing the likelihood of workers getting injured and increased frequency of injuries. Workers who had more working years at the abattoir encountered injuries less frequently than those who had fewer working years. The abattoir’s occupational safety and health management system was not effective in solving safety and health risks and required improvement. One effective way that can be implemented is to establish a stand-alone safety, health and environment department within the Gweru City Council to give priority to occupational safety and health issues. Training programmes for workers and management on safety and health are recommended to improve workers’ skills on job tasks, hazard identification, and risk assessment and to improve workers’ behaviour as well as to enhance awareness on safety and health among management, which ultimately improves management commitments.

TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITALIZATION OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY IN LITHUANIA: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

The fourth industrial revolution and the digital transformation that comes with it is making manufacturing processes more effective, easier to control and optimise. It allows manufacturing businesses to gradually increase productivity and reduce resource use. Digitalisation is fundamentally changing all social segments and the economy; therefore, digitalisation does not solely affect the manufacturing industry but also the macroeconomy and public employment of the country. The current global pandemic has played a major role in encouraging the Lithuanian manufacturing industry to search for new ways to reduce manual human labour in the manufacturing process and to optimise it. The industrial digitalisation revolution is undoubtedly going to result in multiple opportunities for various parts of the society, however the unprecedented speed of these changes is going to interfere with the economy and labour market on a broader scale. Thus, it is important to attempt to mitigate the risks of jobs being replaced by technologies, polarisation of the labour market and increasing inequality among people and regions to successfully introduce digital technologies in manufacturing businesses. The aim of this article is to reveal the predicted trends, benefits, and challenges in development of digitalization of Lithuanian manufacturing industry. This is achieved by systemic analysis of literature and statistical data, and data visualisation.

Regional variations in automation job risk and labour market thickness to agricultural employment

Automation has the potential to transform entire agricultural value chains and the nature of agricultural business. Recent studies have emphasised barriers to adoption, as well as issues related to labour market and cultural outcomes of automation. However, thus far, very little attention has been afforded to the regional variations in the potential for automation adoption or threats to agricultural employment. Specifically, research to date does not take into account the local availability of similar occupations including those in different sectors to which displaced workers may transition. Threats to employment and lower numbers of similar jobs locally are particularly salient in rural contexts, given the thin and specialized local labour markets. The aims of this paper are to show the regional distribution of risk to automation for the agricultural sector specifically, and to link these patterns to indicators for occupation specific labour market thickness in Ireland. Using detailed occupational skills data, we construct indices for local labour market thickness conditioned on occupational skills and knowledge requirements. We show that there is substantial regional heterogeneity in the potential threat of automation to the employment prospects of workers currently active in the agricultural sector. This regional heterogeneity highlights the importance of the regional context for designing effective labour market policy in the face of job automation.

Does work-life balance and organizational justice affect female nurses’ performance in a pandemic era?

Nowadays, the study on antecedents of employee performance is of great importance. This paper aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of female nurses’ performance antecedents, with organizational commitment as a mediating variable. The variables of work-life balance and organizational justice are also analyzed. The study was carried out at four government hospitals in the Indonesian province of Bali, with 285 female nurses as respondents. The paper employs total sampling as a sampling technique. SmartPLS software was used to perform data analysis using partial least squares. The findings show that various antecedents of female nurses’ performance have a significant positive effect. However, organizational justice has no significant effect. The results revealed a link between different female nurses’ performance antecedents. With a t-statistic value of 7.986, organizational commitment is more effective than the other antecedents. The results revealed a partially mediating effect of work-life balance with a t-statistic value of 3.493. In addition, the effect of organizational justice is fully mediated based on a t-statistic value of 5.097. This study suggested that female nurses’ pay should be calculated based on their workload and job risks.

Perceived job insecurity and risk of suicide and suicide attempts: a study of men and women in the Swedish working population.

ObjectiveWhether perceived job insecurity increases the risk of suicidal behaviors is unclear. Improved understanding in this area could inform efforts to reduce suicide risk among those experiencing elevated job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic as well as post-pandemic. We aimed to investigate if perceived job insecurity predicted increased risk of suicide mortality and suicide attempts.MethodEmployees (N=65 571), representative of the Swedish working population who participated in the Swedish Work Environment Survey in 1991–2003, were followed up through 2016 in the National Inpatient and Death Registers. Suicide deaths and suicide attempts were defined according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 and ICD-8/9 codes of underlying cause of death and in-/outpatient care. Job insecurity and subsequent risk of suicide and suicide attempt were investigated with marginal structural Cox regression analyses and inverse probability of treatment weighting to control for confounding.ResultsPerceived job insecurity was associated with an elevated risk of suicide [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–2.20], but not with incident suicide attempts (HR 1.03, CI 0.86–1.24). Estimates remained similar after considering prevalent/previous poor mental health, other work factors, and when restricting the follow up time to ten years.ConclusionThe study suggests that job insecurity is associated with an increased risk of suicide mortality. Concerns about elevated job insecurity and suicide levels in the wake of the current pandemic could thus be considered in strategies to reduce the population health impact job insecurity both during and following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Job satisfaction of advanced practice nurses in cancer care: A systematic review.

To identify, evaluate, and summarise evidence about advanced practice nurses' (APNs') job satisfaction in cancer care and its related factors. A systematic review was performed including a narrative synthesis. Relevant evidence was identified from searches of three databases: Medline (PubMed), EBSCO (CINAHL), and PsychInfo. This systematic review searched for relevant articles published in English between 2000 and 2020. A structured process according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement was followed. The articles critical appraisal was based on the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool. Narrative data synthesis was based on the extracted data (study characteristics, type of questionnaire, level of job satisfaction, related factors, and risk of bias). Just four articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Job satisfaction of APNs providing cancer care in different care settings varied from low to high. Satisfying factors were personal, role, work, and institutional factors, whereas dissatisfies included the work setting and stress factors. Different measurement tools of the job satisfaction level were used, which might lead to non-comparable results. The number of included studies and the findings from this systematic review present underinvestigated content according to the influence of patient group demands on APNs' job satisfaction. Evidence of patient group-specific factors relevant to APNs' job satisfaction could not be found. Further research is needed to address the influence of advanced nursing practice and patient group-related factors on job satisfaction.

Design of Compensation System Using Adhered Method and Overlapping Method at PT XY DKI Jakarta

Compensation is one of the essential factors that can motivate employees to improve performance. Compensation provided by the company must be comparable to the company's workload, job risk, and the competencies that accompany the position. The Company is obliged to provide compensation both financially and non-financially so that employees' standard of living needs can be met. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate compensation system based on the value of the job (job value). The object of this study is XY Company, located in DKI Jakarta. XY company is engaged in education, namely online English courses and early childhood tutor franchise, as well as in the culinary field, namely online courses in the pasta pizza business. The research methods used are quantitative and qualitative methods sourced in scientific journals and trusted articles. This research focuses on the compensation system. The method of processing and analyzing data used to compile the job value and job grading-based compensation system in XY companies is to use Compensable Factors analysis using hay method, Salary Mapping Adhered, and Salary Mapping Overlapping. This study shows that the effective compensation system to be implemented by PT XY is to use overlapping methods. The division of salary overlapping methods brings more benefits because the salary increase is less significant than the adhered method

Investigating the Nexus of Psychological Capital With Entrepreneurial Success: The Mediating Role of Burnout

This research empirically investigates the association of psychological capital (PsyCap) with success of entrepreneurs, and also examines the mediating role of burnout on the relationship between PsyCap and entrepreneurial success. In research design, quantitative methods were employed and cross-sectional data were collected by using random sampling technique through online survey questionnaire adopted from previous studies. The sample size determined through G* power was 134 for this study; however, we got response from 296 entrepreneurs of Sindh province, Pakistan. The data are analyzed in SmartPLS-SEM to assess measurement and structural models, and to compute hypotheses testing results. The findings reveal that PsyCap has positive significant relationship with success of entrepreneurs. This suggests that higher PsyCap abilities ensure more success of entrepreneurs in their entrepreneurial activities. Interestingly, PsyCap reported a negative impact on burnout; means good PsyCap resources reduce the negative effects of burnout among entrepreneurs. Results further indicate that burnout partially mediates the relationship between PsyCap and success; hence shows that entrepreneurs in Pakistan due to more Job demands, risks, and uncertain situations experience burnout which impacts on their success, however, positive PsyCap resources; including resilience and optimism, as well as self-efficacy and hope, work as buffer and ameliorate negative burnout effects and help entrepreneurs in achieving businesses success. The outcomes of this research provide valuable practical implications for countering burnout through fostering PsyCap resources which is important for strengthening entrepreneurship, and adds fresh insights in the existing literature.

Classification Categorizations of Job Risks Occupational Hazards in Environmental and Public Health Inspectors

Classification Categorizations of Job Risks Occupational Hazards in Environmental and Public Health Inspectors

Inspection of job risks, burn out syndrome and job satisfaction of Greek Public Health Inspectors

Inspection of job risks, burn out syndrome and job satisfaction of Greek Public Health Inspectors

INDIKATOR KOLEKTIBILITAS KREDIT JOINT FINANCING MENGGUNAKAN OLS & LOGIT

This study aims to determine indicators that have a significant effect on debtor collectability. The number of sample data used is 102 joint financing debtors whose loans were realized in 2019, which consists of two groups of 51 debtors that have current and non-current collectability. The analytical method used is the ordinary least square method and the logit regression method, where the combination of the two analytical methods being used at once was not yet found in previous studies. The analysis result using ordinary least squares shows three (3) significant indicators that affect collectability, namely term of the loan, value of collateral and monthly liabilities, with a significance level of 0.05. Meanwhile, the binary logit analysis results in four (4) significant indicators, namely term of the loan, value of collateral and monthly liabilities with a significance level of 0.05 and level of job risk with a significance level of 0.10. The R-squared value in the ordinary least square is 41%, which means that the ten indicators in this study simultaneously affect the collectability variable, while 59% is influenced by other variables not included in this study. The analysis using the logit regression method shows an R-square value of 39% which can be said that the ten indicators altogether affect debtor collectability by 39%.

Assessment of Hazard and Risk Related Activities at Npdc-Ogini Oil Field Flow Station, Okpaile in Isoko North, Delta State, Nigeria

The activities of oil, Gas and energy contains numerous hazards which could lead to multiple disasters such as loss of capital, damage to reputation, and also degrading the environment. The Essence of job hazards analysis and risk assessment is to design a safe working environment and to control and reduced potential hazards. Both primary and secondary data sources were employed in this study. Topographic statistics were also obtained from goggle earth and STRM (30M x 30M resolution) download from the United State Geological Survey. Questionnaires were administered to 100 people from 3 different department at NPDC-Ogini flow station in a confidential manner. A descriptive statistics such as mean, mode, median and standard deviation were used through the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20.2 and Microsoft Excel 2007 software to analyze the data generated. Inferential statistics were used to test the hypothesis. The hypothesis were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The study has identified associated hazards and the risk level attached to the confirmed activities of Ogini field flow station. The analysis show that the F. calculated value was 0.759 and the F-table value was 0.471. Since the F- table value is less than the F-calculated value .The result of the hypothesis has also shown that there is no significant relationship between job hazards analysis and risk assessment of the flow station activities. Companies in this sector should have a proactive thinking and attitude towards all activities and also have a reasonable level of preparedness and preparedness plans in place in case of any incidence. If these hazards are properly managed and controlled with all measures in place and also adhering to all regulatory agencies both locally and internationally, the companies will achieve a zero goal in incidence and accidents.

Küresel Bir Olayın (COVID-19) Diş Hekimlerinin Algıladığı Tehdit ve Sosyal Destek Üzerindeki Etkisi

Objective: The COVID-19 global event has affected human resources psychologically, behaviorally, and economically. In this study, the relationship between the effects of the COVID-19 event and perceived threat and social support was investigated based on the perceptions of dentists.Materials and Methods: The data were collected between December 1, 2020 and January 20, 2021 using an online questionnaire (n= 422). The dentists were queried about perceived threat and perceived social support in relation to COVID-19.Results: A significant relationship was found between the COVID-19 event and perceived threats such as the fear of infection, high-risk jobs, stigmatization, and distancing. A significant relationship was also found between the COVID-19 event and perceived social support.Conclusion: Ensuring their working conditions are more protective against COVID-19 can reduce dentists' fear of infection and perception of high job risk as well as perceptions of stigmatization and distancing. In addition, social support practices can be implemented during the pandemic to help dentists to be more motivated and provide better service.

Public health and work safety pilot study: Inspection of job risks, burn out syndrome and job satisfaction of public health inspectors in Greece

This is a cross-sectional, nationwide pilot study conducted in the first quarter of 2021 in Greece. The aim of this study was to report the job risks of public health inspectors in Greece and investigate possible relationships with burnout and job satisfaction. An online survey was created, and the web link was distributed to respondents by email, through the National Public Health Inspectorate Administration, while anonymity was retained. A total number of 78 Public Health Inspectors were contacted and 46 responses were collected (response rate 58.97%). The study found that biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial risks are perceived as most severe in public health inspection. Higher levels of emotional exhaustion were associated with more prevalent ergonomic and psychosocial risks. Job satisfaction was associated with ergonomic risks, but it was most strongly predicted by demographic variables. Perceived quality of job training was found to be negatively related to psychosocial risks. It was concluded that Public Health Inspectors in Greece face a variety of job risks the severity of which contribute to burnout and more specifically to emotional exhaustion. These findings are among the first to address occupational health and safety of Public Health Inspectors in Greece and worldwide and can contribute significantly to the development of the appropriate framework to reduce job risks and emotional exhaustion among employees of Public Health Inspection.

Teachers' career commitment amid terrorism: The role of religiousness in a parallel mediation model

Over the last decade, terrorist attacks on educational institutions have psychologically intercepted teachers in delivering their services effectively. Surprisingly, there is scant research available on a sensitive issue that helps to prevent teachers' career commitment amidst terrorism. Hence, the present study fills the gap by intercepting teachers' job anxiety and perceived job risk with the buffering effect of their religiousness. The findings revealed that teachers' job anxiety and perceived job risk are the by‐products of perceived threats of terrorism. Results also unveiled a significant negative relationship between teachers' perceived job risk and their career commitment. Further, the mediating role of teachers' perceived job risk amid terrorism was found significant. Finally, the buffering effect of teachers' religiousness to mitigate the adverse effects of job anxiety and perceived job risk on career commitment was found significant. The results elucidated that teachers' job anxiety and perceived job risk accounted for 13.2% of the variance in their career commitment.

Job satisfaction and risk of burnout in special needs nursery school teachers

Teaching in nursery schools is a demanding profession based on interaction with people. As a result, teachers are exposed to an increased risk of burnout. The main goal of the research was to find out to what extent the pedagogical staff of the mentioned nursery schools are endangered by the burnout syndrome and how satisfied they are in their profession. The research group consisted of 90 participants which included teachers from all nursery schools for children with special educational needs in the Czech Republic. To determine the empirical data, the Maslach Burnout Inventory – Educators Survey, Teacher Satisfaction Inventory and One-Dimensional Assessment Scale measuring teachers’ climate perception were used. The results suggest that special needs nursery school teachers are at a high risk of burnout in the dimension of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in contrast to the high level of personal satisfaction, job satisfaction and satisfaction with the working climate.
 
 Keywords: burnout syndrome; job satisfaction; social climate