Jigawa State Research Articles

Exploring ICT Integration in Hausa Language Instruction: A Case Study at Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim

This research examines the transformative impact of integrated Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Hausa language instruction at Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim. The study evaluates the current status of ICT integration in teaching Hausa language, gauges the perspectives of pre-service teachers on the efficacy of ICT tools in enhancing language proficiency, identifies challenges and opportunities tied to ICT incorporation, and proposes innovative strategies and best practices for optimizing technology use in language education. Employing a multifaceted research methodology, including surveys, interviews, and observations, this investigation provides a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationship between ICT integration and Hausa language instruction specific to the context of Jigawa State College of Education and Legal Studies, Ringim. The findings offer valuable insights and recommendations aligned with best practices for pre-service teachers, contributing to the advancement of language education practices within the institution.

Assessing post-abortion care using the WHO quality of care framework for maternal and newborn health: a cross-sectional study in two African hospitals in humanitarian settings

BackgroundAbortion-related complications remain a main cause of maternal mortality. There is little evidence on the availability and quality of post-abortion care (PAC) in humanitarian settings. We assessed the quality of PAC in two hospitals supported by an international organization in Jigawa State (Nigeria) and Bangui (Central African Republic, CAR).MethodsWe mapped indicators corresponding to the eleven domains of the WHO Maternal and Newborn Health quality-of-care framework to assess inputs, processes (provision and experience of care), and outcomes of PAC. We measured these indicators in four components of a cross-sectional multi-methods study: 1) an assessment of the hospitals’ PAC signal functions, 2) a survey of the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and behavior of 140 Nigerian and 84 CAR clinicians providing PAC, 3) a prospective review of the medical records of 520 and 548 women presenting for abortion complications and, 4) a survey of 360 and 362 of these women who were hospitalized in the Nigerian and CAR hospitals, respectively.ResultsAmong the total 27 PAC signal functions assessed, 25 were available in the Nigerian hospital and 26 in the CAR hospital. In both hospitals, less than 2.5% were treated with dilatation and sharp curettage. Over 80% of women received blood transfusion or curative antibiotics when indicated. However, antibiotics were given to about 30% of patients with no documented indication. Among discharged women in CAR, 99% received contraceptive counseling but only 39% did in Nigeria. Over 80% of women in Nigeria reported positive experiences of respect and preservation of dignity. Conversely, in CAR, 37% reported that their privacy was always respected during examination and 62% reported short or very short waiting time before seeing a health provider. In terms of communication, only 15% felt able to ask questions during treatment in both hospitals. The risk of abortion-near-miss happening ≥ 24h after presentation was 0.2% in Nigeria and 1.1% in CAR. Only 65% of women in the Nigerian hospital and 34% in the CAR hospital reported that the staff provided them best care all the time.ConclusionOur comprehensive assessment identified that these two hospitals in humanitarian settings provided lifesaving PAC. However, hospitals need to strengthen the patient-centered approach engaging patients in their own care and ensuring privacy, short waiting times and quality provider-patient communication. Health professionals would benefit from instituting antibiotic stewardships to prevent antibiotic-resistance.

Response of Broiler Chickens to Three Different Energy Source Feedstuffs

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of different energy sources in starter diet on broiler chicks. Methodology: The study was conducted at the Poultry Unit of the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Health and Production, Binyaminu Usman Polytechnic, Hadejia, Jigawa State, Nigeria. A total of seventy-two (72) unsexed broiler birds were sourced from accredited Chikun Company Hadejia metropolis, Jigawa State. The birds were raised under intensive management system (on a floor pens). Three different diets (containing different energy sources) designated as Treatments 1, 2, and 3 for maize, sorghum and millet, respectively were used in this experiment. The parameters measured were the growth performance, haematological indices, proximate composition of the experimental diets and economic analysis. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS package. Results: The growth performance, haematological indices and economic analysis showed non-significant (p>0.05) differences despite numerical variation that exist among the treatment groups. The different energy sources did not significantly affect the performance parameters measured. The reason for this was not clearly understood, however, numerically, some of the performance indices tended to be positively affected by the different diet and the broiler performance analysed were within the normal range. Conclusion: Based on the economic analysis, millet is recommended being the cheapest in terms of feed cost and feed cost per weight of bird.

Utilization of Differently Processed Sesame Seed Meal as a Source of Methionine in Guinea Fowls Diets

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different processing methods on sesame seeds meal as a source of methionine for guinea fowls. The research took place at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of Animal Health and Production in Jigawa State, Nigeria. Seventy-two guinea fowls of mixed sexes were raised under intensive management conditions for the experiment. Sesame seeds were divided into three groups: raw, soaked, and roasted, then ground into meal and incorporated into four experimental diets. Proximate analysis of the experimental diets was conducted at the Nutrition laboratory of the Department of Animal Science. Data generated were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using statistical analysis system (SAS) package. Results indicated that processing methods significantly reduced anti-nutritional factors without adverse effects on some of the performance parameters. Performance improved with all processed sesame seed meals compared to the control diet, suggesting their potential as methionine sources without additional supplementation. Raw, soaked, and roasted sesame seed meal can be incorporated at 15% level of inclusion in the diet of guinea fowls without negative impacts on their general performance. Overall, the study concludes that processing methods enhanced sesame seed's suitability as a methionine source for guinea fowls and recommends their inclusion in diets of guinea fowls at 15% level.

Malaria Prevalence and its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at General Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Malaria Prevalence and its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at General Hospital Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Mathematical-model Analysis of the Potential Exposure to Lead, Zinc and Iron Emissions from Consumption of Premium Motor Spirit in Nigeria

Environmental pollution has been on the increase due to emission from vehicles using fossil fuels. This research investigated the exposure of air, soil and water bodies to trace metal emissions: Pb, Zn and Fe, as a result of the consumption of premium motor spirit (PMS) in Nigeria. The exposure of air, soil, and water bodies to these emissions also lead to exposure of humans, food and animals to the emissions. This was done to estimate the emission rates, emission rate per capita, and emission rates per land areas (or land distribution). The results showed that: the annual emission rates ranged between 4.66 kg/y for Pb in 2012 in Jigawa State and 5.050∙103 kg/y for Fe in 2015 in Lagos State; the emission rates per capita ranged between 0.52∙10−6 kg/(y∙person) for Pb in 2012 in Kwara State and 2.33∙10−3 kg/(y∙person) and this was recorded in Lagos State in the year 2015; while the rate per land area ranged between 0.093∙10−3 kg/(y∙km2) for Pb in 2012 in Taraba State and 1.38 kg/(y∙km2) for Fe in 2015 in Lagos State. Results showed that residents of Lagos are at the highest risk of trace metal poisoning because they had the highest emission rates per capita, followed by Abuja, Osun, and Ogun. The states at the lowest risk are Yobe and Taraba, with Yobe as the lowest. It is recommended that regulations concerning the trace metal contents of fuels imported and distributed in Nigeria should be created and implemented to curb these risks.

Shift from Traditional to Modern Building Concepts and Designs in Ringim Town: A Comparative Study of Aesthetics, Values, Functions and Durability

This study is part of an Undergraduate Project for the award of “B.Tech (Hons) Building Technology Education” at the “Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University”, Bauchi State, Nigeria, and is aimed to identify the contrasts between Traditional and Modern Buildings in Ringim Town, Jigawa State, Northern Nigeria, with respect to their “Purposes, Durability, Aesthetics and Values. The study's subjects were the residents of Ringim Town, with 88 respondents drawn from ten cohorts of young people (under 40) and Adults (over 40) living in the Katutu, Galadanchi, Walawa, Majiyawar-Gari, and Marakawa Quarters. In order to better understand the shift from traditional to modern building concepts and designs in Ringim, the study used a quantitative approach, specifically a structured questionnaire that focused on groups of youths and adults and asked questions about functions, durability, aesthetics, and values. The answers to the research questions were analyzed using the simple mean and standard deviation. The study's conclusions showed that while traditional buildings in Ringim had greater fire, acoustic, and thermal insulation, they also have poor water resistance, to name a few drawbacks. It is advised that experts in the fields of Architecture, Town planning, and Construction, among others, pay attention to the indigenous Design theory, Technology, Artisanship, and Craftsmanship connected to the emergence of Traditional Building. Additionally, recommendations indicated that, for comparative purposes, comparable studies had to be carried out at other tiers of educational establishments, such as Colleges, Polytechnics, and Universities, as well as in other parts of the State and Nation.

Factors Associated with the Outcome of 2023 Diphtheria Outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A Retrospective Review of the Surveillance Data.

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the outcome of the 2023 diphtheria outbreak in Jigawa State, Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted amongst all line-listed diphtheria cases reported from Jigawa State, Nigeria, using the 2023 Integrated Disease and Surveillance Response line list of cases that met the World Health Organization case definition of diphtheria. A total of 245 line-listed cases from January 2023 to December 2023 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22.0 with a P value set at ≤5%. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of the outcome of the 2023 outbreak. The maximum age of the line-listed cases was 39 years, and the minimum was 1 year with a median of 8 (interquartile range = 5-8) years. More than two-thirds (68.2%) of the cases were ≥5 years of age. More than one-third of the cases (39.6%) were from the northeast senatorial zone of the state. Out of the total 245 cases, 14 died of the disease representing a case fatality rate of 6%, and an attack rate of 3.4 per 100,000 populations. The majority of the cases (95.5%) had fever, cough (81.2%), pharyngitis (86.9%), tonsillitis (96.7%) and laryngitis (82.0%). More diphtheria-related mortalities were recorded amongst cases <5 years of age (7.7%), female cases (5.9%), rural residence (7.7%) and cases from the northeast senatorial zone (8.2%) of the state. Significantly higher mortalities (8.8%, P = 0.003) were recorded amongst cases with nasopharyngitis. The odds of diphtheria-related mortality were higher amongst cases who presented clinically with nasopharyngitis and were 4 times more likely to die (adjusted odds ratio = 3.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.1-14.3) compared with those with no nasopharyngitis. Significantly higher mortalities were recorded amongst diphtheria cases whose samples were not taken, and those with nasopharyngitis. These findings underscored the importance of improved immunisation uptake, early and prompt case detection, investigation and proper management.

COVID-19 knowledge and practices in Jigawa State, Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey conducted during the second wave.

Population knowledge of COVID-19 and adherence to prevention measures may not be equitably distributed, limiting the success of public health measures. We aimed to understand whether COVID-19 knowledge differed by socio-economic status in a rural low-income setting of Jigawa State, Nigeria. We conducted a secondary analysis of the baseline cross-sectional survey of the INSPIRING cluster randomised controlled trial in Kiyawa Local Government Area, Jigawa State, from January-June 2021. Compounds were selected using simple random sampling proportional to trial cluster size. Within each compound, a representative head of compound and all women aged 16-49 years were eligible to complete a survey, which asked about socioeconomics, knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, prevention strategies and risks for poor outcomes. We converted these into binary outcomes of "good knowledge" for symptoms, prevention and risks. Associations between woman and head of compound characteristics and good knowledge were assessed using adjusted logistic regression. We surveyed 3800 compound heads and 9564 women. Overall, <1% of respondents had been tested for COVID-19, but access to facemasks (HoC 60.0%; women 86.3%) and willingness to be vaccinated (HoC 73.9%; women 73.4%) were high. COVID-19 knowledge was low, with 33.2% of heads of compounds and 26.0% of women having good symptom knowledge, 39.5% and 30.4% having good prevention knowledge, and 17.7% and 15.4% having good risk knowledge, respectively. Those with more education, from higher wealth quintiles and access to a radio had better knowledge. Access to a mobile phone was associated with good symptom knowledge, but worse prevention and risk knowledge. We found significant differences in COVID-19 knowledge associated with socio-economic factors in rural Jigawa state, and access to communication devices was not consistently associated with better knowledge. Public health messaging in Nigeria needs to be adapted and delivered in way that ensures accessibility to all.

KNOWLEDGE EVALUATION OF MOSQUITO CONTROL PRACTICES WITHIN THE CENTRAL REGION OF JIGAWA STATE, NORTH-WEST NIGERIA

In order to mitigate and manage life-threatening mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, Dengue, and lymphatic filariasis, both socio-demographic factors and the collective vector control knowledge within the community are pivotal. Hence, the objective of the current study is to evaluate the awareness and understanding of mosquito control practices in specific communities located in Jigawa State, North-west Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which 60 structural questionnaires were distributed in the three selected communities. In each village, 20 questionnaires were randomly shared and captured information on Demographical characteristics, House characteristics, Use of mosquito net etc. Among the 60 respondents, only 17(28.3%) of the respondents were participating in community sanitation, majority of respondents 56(93.3%) were found to keep water at home. However, usage of long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) on daily basis were recorded significantly highest 48(80%). We therefore recommend promotion of the significance of environmental sanitation as a primary measure for controlling mosquito-borne diseases among them.

Prospects of Small-Scale Rice Processing Enterprise among Beneficiaries of Microfinance Loan in Nigeria’s Jigawa State

The present study empirically determined the prospects of the rice value chain of paddy processors in Jigawa State of Nigeria. Despite the role of small-scale paddy rice processors as the main engine of growth of upstream rice value chain, and the growth and development of the rural economy in the study area, literature is undaunted with paucity of empirical information on the prospects of rice processing value chain in the study area. The study utilised cross-sectional data elicited through a well-structured questionnaire from a total of 200 processors (133 parboilers and 67 millers) selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. An easy cost-route approach was used for data collection during the 2022 processing period and the collected data were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the empirical evidence, it is established that the rice processing potential has not been fully exploited in the study areas. In addition, it is evident that the rice processing enterprise is not only viable and profitable; it features good prospects in the supply value chain of rice in the study areas. However, to maintain the prospects in the supply value chain, the target actors must adopt a defensive mechanism, as inferred by the SPACE matrix.

Heavy metals concentrations of traditional herbs consumed in Northwestern zone of Nigeria and associated health risks on humans

Herbal drugs have gained much popularity as alternative medicine among residents of the northern part of Nigeria, taking advantage of abundant medicinal plants in the region. This study therefore investigated the levels of some selected heavy metals (Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in five identified herbal drugs sold in Andaza town, Kiyawa local Government area of Jigawa State. Preparation of the samples was done using a wet digestion method with HNO3 and HCl as digestion acids and the metals were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The health risk assessment (HRA) for adults and children was done by using the estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target cancer risk (TCR). The concentrations of heavy metals on dry weight (dw) basis in this study fell within the range (mg/kg dw, mean±SD)): Cd (0.156-0.312, 0.221±0.065), Hg (8.58-16.7, 12.7±3.78), Ni (0.960-2.74, 1.67±0.698), Zn (4.26-10.1, 6.17±2.34) and Pb (0.876-1.91). Pb was not detected in two out of the five samples and therefore the mean±SD of Pb was not computed. A comparison of the results with the World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum permissible limit showed that Hg levels were far above the permissible limit in all the samples; two samples had Cd values above the maximum limit. The concentrations of Ni, Zn and Pb in all the samples were within the recommended levels of WHO. Results of HRA showed that THQ were less than 1 in the analyzed metals except for Hg with relatively high values in both adults (70 kg body weight) and children (24 kg body weight) categories and this may pose a potential health risk to consumers. Results of the percentage non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) of each metal showed that Hg contributed more than 95% to HI (the overall NCR) in each sample. TCR of Pb indicates moderate to high cancer risk whereas, that of CD showed high to very high cancer risk if the samples are consumed for a long period of time. It is therefore important that consumption of these medicines should be monitored and regulated in order for consumers to avoid future health challenges.

The Roles of the State Educational Inspectorate and Monitoring Unit in The Development of Secondary Education in Jigawa State, Nigeria

The Roles of the State Educational Inspectorate and Monitoring Unit in The Development of Secondary Education in Jigawa State, Nigeria

Examination of the Activities of Ringim Skills Acquisition Center in Reducing Youth Unemployment in Ringim Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Examination of the Activities of Ringim Skills Acquisition Center in Reducing Youth Unemployment in Ringim Local Government Area, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Assessment of the Impact of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Surface Runoff of Hadejia River System, Kano, Nigeria

Land use and land cover changes, mostly driven by anthropogenic activities, affect the processes of the water cycle. The impacts of land use (LU) and land cover (LC) changes between 1995 and 2015 on the surface runoff of the Hadejia River System (HRS) were investigated. The LULC changes obtained through re-classifications of selected Landsat satellite images and their effects on runoff peak discharges and volumes were assessed using selected hydrologic models for runoff generation and routing available within the HEC-HMS. Physically-based parameters of the models were estimated from the LULC change maps together with a digital elevation model and soil datasets of the basin. The simulated flows from the 90 sub-catchments were routed to the basin outlet afterwards to obtain the accrued effects in the entire river basin. Model results obtained generally revealed significant and varying increases in the runoff peak discharges and volumes within some sub-basins in the whole catchment, though the change was not significant at the basin outlet. In the sub-catchments within Kano and Jigawa states, increase between 15-20% and 10-15% were observed in the peak discharge respectively. These are the areas with the highest increase in agricultural activities and urbanization within the whole catchment. In the entire basin, however, the flood peak discharges and volumes increased by at least 3.57% and 8.18% respectively. From these results, the study concludes that changes were more pronounced in Kano and Jigawa states due to the increase of urbanization and farming activities in those areas, leading to reduction of infiltration and hence, increase in surface runoff. The study successfully outlined the hydrological consequences of land cover changes, emphasizing the importance of sustainable land use and catchment management strategies. Hence, integration of remote sensing, GIS, and the hydrological model (HEC-HMS) can be used to solve hydrological problems in a river basin.

Economic efficiency of small-scale wheat production in Jigawa state, Nigeria

Africa’s most populous country has failed to grow more food for its fast-rising population. With 420,000 metric tons of wheat produced in Nigeria in 2020, the country is still far from bridging its 4.6 million metric tons annual wheat gap. Increasing wheat production is a challenge for the nation to fulfill the food requirements of its growing population. So far literature has shown a rise in research on wheat in different parts of Nigeria, with a paucity of information on the economic efficiency of wheat production in the study area, and the country in general. To bridge these knowledge and empirical gaps, this research investigates the economic efficiency of wheat production in Jigawa State of Nigeria using information gathered from a survey elicited by a well-structured questionnaire coupled with an interview schedule from 341 active wheat farmers selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data collected. Empirically, despite the wheat enterprise being profitable in the study area, farmers didn’t achieve the targeted goals of output maximization, cost minimization, and profit maximization as evident respectively by the technical, cost, and economic efficiency indexes. However, these goals were challenged by induced human risks viz. gender discrimination that affects women’s access to productive resources, poor labor productivity due to diminishing marginal returns associated with old age, capital consumption triggered by increased income, poor prioritization of wheat enterprise as a business, and vulnerable household size. Furthermore, the identified constraints mediating the links that affected the economic efficiency of wheat farmers were price/marketing, technological, managerial, and infrastructural risks. Therefore, for long-run sustainable wheat production, the responsibility lies on policymakers to concentrate more on marketing and technological risks challenging wheat production in the study area as empirically established by this research.

PROSPECTS OF SMALL-SCALE RICE PROCESSING ENTERPRISE AMONG BENEFICIARY OF MICROFINANCE LOAN IN NIGERIA’S JIGAWA STATE

The present study empirically determined the prospects of rice value chain of paddy processors in Jigawa State of Nigeria. In spite of the role of small-scale paddy rice processors as the main engine of growth of upstream rice value chain; growth and development of rural economy in the study area, literature is undaunted with paucity of empirical information on the prospects of rice processing value chain in the study area. The study utilized cross-sectional data elicited through a well-structured questionnaire from a total of 200 processors (133 par-boilers and 67 millers) selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. An easy cost-route approach was used for data collection during the 2022 processing period and the collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Based on the empirical evidence, it is established that rice processing potential has not been fully exploited in the study area. In addition, it is evident that rice processing enterprise not only being viable and profitable; it holds a good prospect in the supply value chain of rice in the study area. However, for the prospects in the supply value chain to hold well, the target actors must adopt a defensive mechanism as inferred by the space matrix.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Utilization of Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Jigawa State: a cross-sectional study

Background: The sharing of long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), and utilization, alongside knowledge and attitude of the communities towards malaria, are vital to Malaria prevention, treatment, and control. This study intends to investigate the current state of knowledge, attitude, and usage of LLINs in Chamo town of Jigawa State, Nigeria. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional survey with a semi-structured interview questionnaire. Results: Of the total 471 respondents interviewed, comprising males (39.7%) and females (60.3%). The respondents had a mean age of 35.2 (SD = 12.6), and more than half (n= 274; 58.5%) were between 20 and 40 years old. Most of the respondents (n = 390; 82.8 %) know LLINs. However, only 225 (47.8%) believed the role of LLINs in protecting one from a mosquito bite, and 353 (75.8%) of the respondents believed that malaria can be transmitted through a mosquito bite. Educational level, marital status, and occupation show a significant association with knowledge of LLIN use. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a general awareness of LLINs in the study area, and the majority had favorable knowledge regarding malaria transmission. However, nearly half of the participants have a favorable understanding of LLIN use.

IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON FULƁE KINSHIP IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

This study examined the impact of technology on the kinship of the Fulɓe people in Jigawa State, Nigeria. The study employs secondary data and content analysis methods to achieve its objectives. It utilizes the diffusion of innovations theory as a theoretical framework to comprehend the impact of technology on Fulɓe kinship in Jigawa state. The investigation reveals that technology facilitates improved communication among Fulɓe communities, bolsters livestock management, introduces new economic opportunities for the Fulɓe culture and economy, expands the horizons of education, offers new possibilities for Fulɓe families to conceive and have children, enhances morbidity and reduces mortality rates among Fulɓe people in Jigawa State. On the other hand, technology diminishes face-to-face interaction among them, instigates changes in economic dynamics, challenges traditional values and norms deeply embedded within the Fulɓe community, introduces new methods of influencing ideas about lineage, inheritance, and the transmission of family identity, alters family structures and caregiving dynamics within the Fulɓe kinship system in Jigawa state. The study, therefore, recommends that government and community leaders should collaborate on initiatives that integrate indigenous wisdom with innovative technologies that can improve lives while preserving the essential aspects of the Fulɓe kinship system in Jigawa State.

Skills Upgrade for By Automobile Electricians for Maintenance of Modern Vehicle in Jigawa State Nigeria

Skills Upgrade for By Automobile Electricians for Maintenance of Modern Vehicle in Jigawa State Nigeria