Jerusalem Artichoke Research Articles

Physicochemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of fermented sausage supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke and milk permeate powder

Physicochemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of fermented sausage supplemented with Jerusalem artichoke and milk permeate powder

Unravelling inulin molecules in food sources using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization magnetic resonance mass spectrometry (MALDI-MRMS) pipeline

Inulin, a polysaccharide characterized by a β-2,1 fructosyl-fructose structure terminating in a glucosyl moiety, is naturally present in plant roots and tubers. Current methods provide average degrees of polymerization (DP) but lack information on the distribution and absolute concentration of each DP. To address this limitation, a reproducible (CV < 10 %) high throughput (<2 min/sample) MALDI-MRMS approach capable of characterizing and quantifying inulin molecules in plants using matched-matrix consisting of α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid butylamine salt (CHCA-BA), chicory inulin-12C and inulin-13C was developed. The method identified variation in chain lengths and concentration of inulin across various plant species. Globe artichoke hearts, yacón and elephant garlic yielded similar concentrations at 15.6 g/100 g dry weight (DW), 16.8 g/100 g DW and 17.7 g/100 g DW, respectively, for DP range between 9 and 22. In contrast, Jerusalem artichoke demonstrated the highest concentration (53.4 g/100 g DW) within the same DP ranges. Jerusalem artichoke (DPs 9–32) and globe artichoke (DPs 9–36) showed similar DP distributions, while yacón and elephant garlic displayed the narrowest and broadest DP ranges (DPs 9–19 and DPs 9–45, respectively). Additionally, qualitative measurement for all inulin across all plant samples was feasible using the peak intensities normalized to Inulin-13C, and showed that the ratio of yacón, elephant garlic and Jerusalem was approximately one, two and three times that of globe artichoke. This MALDI-MRMS approach provides comprehensive insights into the structure of inulin molecules, opening avenues for in-depth investigations into how DP and concentration of inulin influence gut health and the modulation of noncommunicable diseases, as well as shedding light on refining cultivation practices to elevate the beneficial health properties associated with specific DPs.

Acylated Inulin as a Potential Shale Hydration Inhibitor in Water Based Drilling Fluids for Wellbore Stabilization.

Shale hydration dispersion and swelling are primary causes of wellbore instability in oil and gas reservoir exploration. In this study, inulin, a fructo-oligosaccharide extracted from Jerusalem artichoke roots, was modified by acylation with three acyl chlorides, and the products (C10-, C12-, and C14-inulin) were investigated for their use as novel shale hydration inhibitors. The inhibition properties were evaluated through the shale cuttings hot-rolling dispersion test, the sodium-based bentonite hydration test, and capillary suction. The three acylated inulins exhibited superb hydration-inhibiting performance at low concentrations, compared to the commonly used inhibitors of KCl and poly (ester amine). An inhibition mechanism was proposed based on surface tension measurements, contact angle measurements, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The acylated inulin reduced the water surface tension significantly, thus, retarding the invasion of water into the shale formation. Then, the acylated inulin was adsorbed onto the shale surface by hydrogen bonding to form a compact, sealed, hydrophobic membrane. Furthermore, the acylated inulins are non-toxic and biodegradable, which meet the increasingly stringent environmental regulations in this field. This method might provide a new avenue for developing high-performance and ecofriendly shale hydration inhibitors.

Study of food ingredients chemical composition obtained by the complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke into alcohol

Study of food ingredients chemical composition obtained by the complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke into alcohol

Effects of Jerusalem artichoke-enriched diet on water quality, growth performance, feed utilization, proximate body composition, and hematology and biochemical parameters in common carp fingerlings.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the impact of Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.), a natural prebiotic, on the growth performance, proximate body composition, feed utilization, hematology, and biochemical parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Four JA-supplemented diets were formulated at 0.0% (control), 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Fish were reared for ten weeks in cages placed in concrete ponds. Based on the results, an increase in the levels of JA supplementation led to significant improvements in growth and feed parameters (P<0.05), while the proximate body composition exhibited significant differences (P<0.05) between JA-supplemented-fed fish and the control-fed fish. The hematological profile showed that red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular volume were significantly enhanced by supplementing dietary with JA at varying levels (P>0.05). However, the fish fed with a JA-supplemented diet exhibited significantly lower levels of red cell distribution width, red cell distribution, monocytes, granulocytes, mean corpuscular hemoglobin in fL, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P<0.05). Biochemical indices revealed that fish in the experimental groups had significantly higher total protein, globulin, albumin, lipase, high-density lipoprotein, and amylase than the control-fed fish (P<0.05). The creatinine, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, urea, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased in JA dietary treatments than control diet (P<0.05). It was also found that dietary JA supplements promoted growth parameters, proximate body composition, hematology, and serum biochemical in common carp fingerlings.

Identification of Oxidative-Stress-Reducing Plant Extracts from a Novel Extract Library-Comparative Analysis of Cell-Free and Cell-Based In Vitro Assays to Quantitate Antioxidant Activity.

Numerous underexplored plant species are believed to possess considerable potential in combating oxidative stress and its associated health impacts, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive methodological screening approach to assess their antioxidant capacity. This study investigated 375 plant extracts, utilizing both cell-free and cellular methods to evaluate their antioxidant properties. Target-based antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the total phenolic content (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Cell-based assays employed the H2DCF-DA probe to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the Griess assay to quantify nitric oxide (NO) levels in stressed Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells, respectively. The highest TPC and FRAP values were found in extracts of Origanum vulgare and Fragaria × ananassa leaves. Several plant extracts significantly reduced stress-induced ROS or NO levels by at least 30%. Distinctive selectivity was noted in certain extracts, favoring the significant reduction of NO (e.g., Helianthus tuberosus extract), of ROS (e.g., Prunus domestica subsp. Syriaca extract), or of both (e.g., Fragaria × ananassa leaf extract). A strong correlation between TPC and FRAP values and moderate correlations between the results of the cell-free and cell-based assays were evident. These findings highlight the great antioxidant potential of underexplored plant extracts and the diversity of the underlying mechanisms, emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach for a comprehensive assessment.

Isolation and Identification of Saccharomyces boulardii as a Probiotic Yeast and Investigation of its In vitro and In vivo Beneficial Applications

Background: Yeasts are becoming increasingly popular as possible new resources to improve the nutritional value of food qualities like flavor, color, and vitamin content, as well as tools for preventing food spoiling due to their anti-microbial capabilities. Objective: This study aims to test the role of isolated Saccharomyces boulardii as a promising probiotic as well as Jerusalem artichoke as a prebiotic in a feeding animal model to test their possible functions in regulating lipid profile and bacterial count in the faeces of tested animals. Methods: For the isolation of yeast cultures on YM agar medium, five milk samples were randomly obtained from the Faculty of Agriculture at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. S. boulardii was morphologically, physiologically, and molecularly identified and deposited in the gene bank; additionally, identification was confirmed using the BIOLOG system. For 30 days, researchers compared the roles of S. boulardii as a probiotic and Jerusalem artichoke as a prebiotic in controlling serum lipid profile and faeces microbial count in the tested animal groups. Results: The acid and bile tolerance tests illustrate the promising ability of S. boulardii. Additionally, S. boulardii could survive on simulated stomach and intestinal fluids. An in vivo feeding test showed that rats fed S. boulardii grew and gained weight faster. Furthermore, eating S. boulardii causes a marked increase in HDL levels and a marked drop in LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Rats that consumed Jerusalem artichokes and a probiotic strain had significantly lower numbers of coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. in their stools. Conclusion: These results revealed the possible beneficial role of S. boulardii in overcoming hyperlipidemia, which should be applied on a large scale after verification of outcomes.

Puff drying in the production of gluten-free meatball snacks: Impacts of formulation and pre-drying methods

Meat and meat products, which are significant in human nutrition, are consumed with pleasure, as well as their rich essential nutrients, sensory properties, and taste in adequate and balanced nutrition. Within the scope of the study, gluten-free flour alone (20% (w/w)) and vegetable powders (5% (w/w)) were used in the production of meatball snacks using the explosive puff drying (EPD) method. The effects of two different pre-drying processes (hot air drying (HAD) and freeze drying (FD)) on the final product properties were discussed. While using chickpea flour as gluten-free flour; we preferred adding vegetable powders with high fiber and prebiotic content, such as Jerusalem artichoke, and red beetroot powders. The physical and chemical properties of the samples dried by both methods (HAD + EPD and FD + EPD) containing chickpea flour and red beetroot powder were found suitable for consumption as snack products. However, the expansion rate (94.27%), total phenolics content (100.07 µg GAE/g DM), textural hardness value (1053.65 N), textural crispness (24 peak number), and sensory impression (8.4) values of products containing chickpea flour and beet powder dried with FD + EPD dried gave the best results among the groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the sensory analysis showed that this sample was preferable to the other samples. The pre-drying processes we applied, and the moisture content of pre-dried samples had a significant effect on puffed dried product quality. Oil losses, shrinkage, and the formation of cracks with the HAD method were observed. It was determined that FD as a pre-drying method before EPD minimized the nutrient losses (total protein content, total fat content, total phenolics content) and preserved the physical (ΔE < 15) properties of the snack samples.

Development of technology for complex processing of Jerusalem artichoke

According to global analytical agencies the most promising area of development of the food industry is the enrichment of food products with physiologically functional ingredients – dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, etc. Analysis of the market for functional ingredients indicates the prospects of organizing the production of domestic inulin and other biologically active components from various anatomical parts herbaceous tuberous plant of the Sunflower genus – Jerusalem artichoke, the distinctive features of which are high yield of tubers, unpretentiousness to cultivation conditions, resistance to diseases and pests. The purpose of the research was to develop a technology for the production of inulin and chlorophyll from Jerusalem artichoke tubers and leaves. The work used generally accepted physical and chemical methods for studying plant objects. The results of the research made it possible to establish optimal technological parameters for the process of extracting inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers with a 60% aqueous-alcohol solution. The technology has been proposed for the production of inulin from Jerusalem artichoke tubers, based on the fractionation of a mixture of components with different molecular weights, by passing them through polyamide composite membranes of reverse osmosis roll type. It has been established that the molecular weight of inulin isolated from Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the «Interes» variety is 5.84 kDa. It has been revealed that Jerusalem artichoke leaves contain a and b chlorophyll in amounts of 6.98 and 0.74 mg/g of wet matter. Copper chlorophyll derivatives isolated from Jerusalem artichoke leaves are promising not only as food colorings, but also as biologically active substances with a wide spectrum of action. The target products obtained using the proposed technology – inulin and copper derivatives of chlorophylls – can find wide practical application in the food industry and in public catering.

Thermodynamics of interaction of inulin complex with water

Currently, the key trends in the global food market include the rapidly developing functional nutrition industry, which is of great interest to consumers. Inulin is a natural polysaccharide of plant origin, consisting of residues of E-fructofuranose (fructose). The object of the research is inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke at different humidity levels. It has been established that to intensify the drying process of inulin extract, it is advisable to increase the mass transfer surface, which can be achieved by spraying the initial product, and using volumetric energy supply methods, in particular, radiation energy supply. The important and most energy-intensive stages of drying are carried out in the hygroscopic area of equilibrium humidity of the object of the research, which determines the intensity and mechanism of the dehumidification operation in order to increase the degree of perfection, select rational operating parameters, adapt to the object of the analysis and solve a mathematical model of removal moisture from it. Based on the sorption isotherms and hygroscopic parameters of the inulin extract obtained in preliminary studies, obtained by dehydrating the inulin extract from Jerusalem artichoke (variety «Skorospelka», grown by JSC «Chaganskoe», the bAstrakhan region), a thermodynamic analysis of the process of sorption and desorption was carried out in different ranges of humidity variation. The total binding energy of moisture with the dry residue of inulin and its thermodynamic components were found. The data obtained do not contradict known literature sources and can be recommended when designing processes for removing moisture from inulin extract and designing drying devices.

Formation of yield and quality of topinambur tubers with different planting techniques

To expand the production of topimanbur in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop adaptive cultivation technologies in various regions of the country. Field research was carried out on the territory of the educational and scientific experimental field of the Perm State Technical University. Three variants of the planting scheme were studied: 70x30, 70x40 and 70x50 cm and three variants of the weight of the planting tuber: 20-40 g, 41-60 g and 61-80 g. The applied agrotechnical measures are generally accepted for the non–Chernozem zone. The technology of planting topinambur is a comb. The research results show that with planting schemes of 70x30, 70x40 and 70x50 cm, topinambur forms the exact yield of tubers – 18.3-19.3 t/ha. When used for planting tubers weighing 41-80 g, the yield increases by 1.1-1.7 t/ha, compared with the planting fraction of 21-40 g, due to an increase in plant density by 0.1 pcs. /m2. Biological yield indicators fully reflect the actual yield. Under the studied planting schemes, it was also the same and amounted to 2002.6-2177.9 g/m2, and when planted with larger tubers, it was 271.7-277.0 g/m2 higher than tubers of 20-40 g. The proportion of tubers of the small fraction – 48-59 % prevails in the Jerusalem artichoke crop. The share of the food fraction is 8-16 %. The fractional composition of tubers in the crop does not depend on the mass of the planting tuber. The share of planting tubers in the harvest with schemes 70x30 and 70x40 cm is higher by 6-8 %. A higher dry matter content in tubers was observed when planting tubers weighing 20-60 g – 21.3-21.6 %, and vitamin C – when planting tubers 61-80 g – 14.5 mg/kg. The planting scheme does not affect the biochemical composition of topinambur tubers.

Chemistry, Isolation, and Pharmaceutical Applications of Inulin

Abstract: Inulin (IN) is a prebiotic oligosaccharide reported in diverse sources of nature. The major sources encompass chicory, Jerusalem artichoke, onions, barley, garlic, rye, and wheat. The literature also reported its promising biological activities, e.g., antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, immuneregulator and prebiotic for improving intestinal function, regulation of blood lipids, and so on. IN’s molecular flexibility, stabilization, and drug-targeting potential make it a unique polymer in pharmaceutical sciences and biomedical engineering. Further, its nutritional value and diagnostic application also widen its scope in food and medical sciences. The hydroxyl groups present in its structure offer chemical modifications, which could benefit advanced drug delivery such as controlled and sustained drug delivery, enhancement of bioavailability, cellular uptake, etc. This work reviews the isolation and purification of IN. The study also provides glimpses of the chemistry, chemical modification, and applications in pharmaceutical sciences and drug delivery.

Agroeconomic Value of Jerusalem Artichoke Helianthus tuberosus Cultivars

Jerusalem artichoke - Helianthus tuberosus, belonging to the Asteraceae family is a crop with multiple uses. The goal of this study was to evaluate some agro biological peculiarities and the quality indices of aerial phytomass and tubers from the local cultivars ‘Maria’ and ‘Solar’ of Helianthus tuberosus. It was found that the studied cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke, at the mowing time, reached a plant height of 215-290 cm, the phytomass yield was 5.29-8.45 kg/m2 green mass or 1.84-1.92 kg/m2 dry matter with 7.7-11.6% crude protein, RFV=124-135, 10.44-10.66 MJ/kg metabolizable energy and 6.46-6.67 MJ/kg net energy for lactation. The fermentation and quality indices of prepared silages were: pH=3.95-4.17, 41.3-50.9 g/kg lactic acid, 8.7-18.6 g/kg acetic acid, butyric acid was not detected, 9.7-14.5% crude protein, RFV=118-120, 10.17-10.35 MJ/kg metabolizable energy and 6.19-6.37 net energy for lactation. The tuber productivity varied from 2.67 kg/m2 to 3.91 kg/m2, with 32.74-33.71% dry matter. The biochemical composition of the dry matter of tubers: 9.94-10.24% crude protein, 0.71% crude fat, 4.77-8.12% crude cellulose, 55.30-58.29% inulin, 5.12-8.02 % ash, 0.09-0.16% calcium and 0.30-0.32% phosphorus with 11.45-12.12 MJ/kg metabolizable energy. The Jerusalem artichoke phytomass from local cultivars can be used for anaerobic digestion in biogas plants with biochemical methane potential of 298-316 liters/kg organic matter. The stems of the studied cultivars quickly shed leaves and dehydrate in the autumn-winter period; they can be chopped, milled and used as feedstock for the production cellulosic ethanol and solid bio fuel. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using the local Jerusalem artichoke cultivars ‘Maria’ and ‘Solar’ for the creation of plantations as a source of fodder and as feedstock to obtain different products, including renewable bioenergy.

РАЗРАБОТКА РЕЦЕПТУРЫ МЯСНОГО ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ТОПИНАМБУРА

Proper healthy nutrition requires regular intake of necessary quantities and optimal ratios of foodstuffs - proteins, fats, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. Meat and meat products are the source of basic foods: protein, B-group vitamins, microelements, but cannot meet physiological needs, for example, in dietary fibres, vitamin C, carotenoids. Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is of great interest in terms of nutritional and biological values. Jerusalem artichoke tubers contain up to 3% protein, mineral salts, soluble polysaccharide inulin (16-18%), fructose, trace elements, nitrogenous substances (2-4%). The tubers are rich in vitamin B1, contain vitamin C, carotene. The article presents the results of study of the nutritional value of meat product with Jerusalem artichoke. The study found out that the replacement of some ingredients in meat semi-finished products with Jerusalem artichoke provides the body's daily need for dietary fiber by 10 %

PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES OF THREE ENEGRY CROPS FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

The literature review focuses on a comprehensive analysis of scientific research aimed at studying the interaction of phytoparasitic nematodes with energy crops such as Miscanthus, Jerusalem artichoke, and paulownia, as well as examining the factors influencing the spread of these nematodes in cultivation systems of three biofuel crops: giant Miscanthus, velvetleaf, and Jerusalem artichoke. The research is grounded in analyzing the interaction between nematodes and the yield of these crops, along with the potential positive impact of nematode communities from different trophic groups on soil quality and phytoremediation. Special attention is given to phytoparasitic nematodes, which are among the most widespread soil pests of plants. Considering the interaction between nematodes and energy crops is crucial for developing resilient and efficient cultivation systems that ensure high yields and preserve the biodiversity of soil ecosystems.The research concludes that phytoparasitic nematodes have a significant negative impact on the cultivation of energy crops, particularly giant miscanthus. However, certain climatic, chemical, and physical conditions are conducive to the formation of nematode communities that can positively affect soil quality and maintain its fertility. The review provides an overview of three energy crops for biofuel production (giant Miscanthus, velvetleaf, and Jerusalem artichoke), highlighting the nematode pests associated with each of these crops, which have been found in the rhizosphere of plants over many years of published research. Attention is also given to the negative impact of phytoparasitic nematodes on the cultivation of energy crops, especially Miscanthus. However, it has been observed that certain climatic, chemical, and physical conditions favor the formation of nematode communities that can positively influence soil quality and maintain its fertility. This work is significant for the development of strategies to manage the population levels of various trophic levels of nematodes, especially phytoparasitic ones, particularly in the context of cultivating promising energy crops for biofuel production. Additionally, the review describes the important influence of phytoremediation on the population of nematode communities in the soil. The obtained results can serve as a basis for further research in this field and the implementation of effective methods to preserve soil fertility and increase the productivity of energy crops. Furthermore, the findings of this literature review can contribute to the development of environmentally sustainable methods for cultivating energy crops, thereby aiding in the conservation of natural resources and reducing the impact of agricultural activities on the environment.

Improving and determining the nutritional technology of minor fish products

The work provides basic information about the functional properties of fish culinary products developed on the basis of fresh pike perch and catfish with the addition of powders of plant origin: Jerusalem artichoke flour. Suggestions and recommendations are given for determining the nutritional value of minced fish products by improving the technology for preparing fish cutlets. The effect of herbal supplements from Jerusalem artichoke on the functional and technological characteristics of minced fish cutlets. The nutritional value, amino acid composition of finished products prepared on the basis of fish raw materials with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke powder, flavoring additives and vegetable raw materials were studied. Developments have been developed to introduce new specialized dietary products enriched with high-quality natural food additives. The list of ingredients with immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties and the possibility of their use in the preparation of specialized fish culinary products for rational and specialized nutrition are substantiated.

The influence of low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria on the enhancement of quality and the microbial community in winter Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) silage on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), an emerging "food and fodder" economic crop on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To tackle problems such as incomplete fermentation and nutrient loss occurring during the low-temperature ensilage of Jerusalem Artichokes in the plateau's winter, this study inoculated two strains of low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum (GN02) and Lactobacillus brevis (XN25), along with their mixed components, into Jerusalem Artichoke silage material. We investigated how low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria enhance the quality of low-temperature silage fermentation for Jerusalem Artichokes and clarify its mutual feedback effect with microorganisms. Results indicated that inoculating low-temperature resistant lactic acid bacteria significantly reduces the potential of hydrogen and water-soluble carbohydrates content of silage, while increasing lactic acid and acetic acid levels, reducing propionic acid, and preserving additional dry matter. Inoculating the L. plantarum group during fermentation lowers pH and propionic acid levels, increases lactic acid content, and maintains a dry matter content similar to the original material. Bacterial community diversity exhibited more pronounced changes than fungal diversity, with inoculation having a minor effect on fungal community diversity. Within the bacteria, Lactobacillus remains consistently abundant (>85%) in the inoculated L. plantarum group. At the fungal phylum and genus levels, no significant changes were observed following fermentation, and dominant fungal genera in all groups did not differ significantly from those in the raw material. L. plantarum exhibited a positive correlation with lactic acid and negative correlations with pH and propionic acid. In summary, the inoculation of L. plantarum GN02 facilitated the fermentation process, preserved an acidic silage environment, and ensured high fermentation quality; it is a suitable inoculant for low-temperature silage in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Performance Evaluation of Jerusalem Artichoke Digging Tool in Cohesive Soil Using Discrete Element Method

Highlights Response surface methodology is suitable for DEM input parameter optimization. Soil reaction forces reduced at velocity ratios greater than one (1.2-3.9). Vibration reduced soil reaction forces at the target depth of 350 mm by 70%. In general, soil reaction forces increase with speed but decrease with frequency. Abrasive wear predominantly occurred at the tool’s cutting section. Abstract. The discrete element method (DEM) and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to determine the input parameters and combination of operational factors required for optimizing the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) harvesting tool in cohesive soil. The DEM soil model consisted of particles with different radii in three shapes calibrated using angle of repose and cone penetration data. Compared with data from a soil bin subsoiler evaluation, the DEM model showed acceptable relative errors for draught force (6.7%), vertical force (4.5%), and furrow width (9.3%). The effects of operational factors, including forward speed, vibration frequency, and amplitude, on response variables such as draught and vertical forces, drawbar power, and abrasive wear were analyzed for three harvesting shovels (S-shape, step-shape, and fork-shape). The ratio of vibratory speed to forward speed (velocity ratio, Vr) was used to analyze the combined effect of the factors. The operational factors significantly affected all the response variables (p&amp;lt;0.05). At Vr &amp;gt; 1 (1.2-3.9), soil reaction forces and drawbar power were considerably reduced. The optimal parameters for minimizing the response variables were 2.5 km h-1 forward speed, 14.5 Hz frequency, 30 mm amplitude, and S-shape shovel at Vr = 3.9. The minimum draught force, vertical force, drawbar power, and Archard wear depth were 4.64 kN, 0.41 kN, 2.64 kW, and 2.36 mm, respectively, at an operating depth of 350 mm. Operating in vibratory mode reduced draught force by 54% with the full width of the implement. Future work should include Jerusalem artichoke tubers in the simulation and experimental validation. Keywords: Abrasive wear, Clay, Numerical optimization, Soil reaction forces, Velocity ratio, Vibration.

Composite papers based on natural polymers

In this study, cellulose was extracted from Heliánthus tuberósus (Jerusalem artichoke) stems, and its quality indicators were thoroughly investigated. The isolation process involved the removal of impurities and non-cellulosic components, resulting in a purified cellulose sample suitable for further analysis and application.To explore the potential of Heliánthus tuberósus cellulose, composite paper was produced by incorporating basalt fiber into the cellulose matrix. The resulting paper was subjected to comprehensive testing to evaluate its mechanical properties, with a particular focus on tensile strength and tensile length.The tensile strength of the composite paper was determined using standardized testing methods, providing quantitative data on the material's ability to withstand applied forces without breaking or deforming. Tensile length, on the other hand, refers to the maximum elongation the paper can undergo before rupture occurs. These properties were assessed to gauge the overall performance and suitability of the composite paper for various applications.The obtained results were presented in a clear and concise manner, utilizing tables and graphs to facilitate data interpretation and comparison. Tables allowed for the tabulation of the measured tensile strength and tensile length values, providing a comprehensive overview of the material's mechanical characteristics. Graphs were employed to visualize trends, patterns, and potential correlations between different variables, aiding in a deeper understanding of the composite paper's behavior under various loading conditions.

The study of perspective medicinal plants using the example of Helianthus tuberosus L.

This paper presents the results of microscopic analysis of a perspective medicinal plant Helianthus tuberosus used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted to identify specific morphological and structural characteristics of this plant, which may have a positive impact on the efficacy and safety of its use for medical purposes. Different types of plant material were used in the research: fresh plants, dried plant material and preserved plant material. For preservation of the latter, a special mixture consisting of ethyl alcohol, glycerol and distilled water in equal volumes was used. Anatomical study of the structure and structure of plants was carried out using several methods: to study the structure of the epidermis, surface samples were prepared, which allowed us to get a detailed idea of the cellular composition and location of the epidermis on the surface of leaves, stems and roots of plants; for a deeper study of the internal structure of plants, transverse sections were made, which were further investigated. The results of the study suggest the high potential of this plant as a basis for the development of safe and effective phytopreparations.