Jenynsia Lineata Research Articles

Glyphosate and its formulated product Roundup Transorb R® affect locomotor activity and reproductive and developmental parameters in Jenynsia lineata fish: An intergenerational study

Glyphosate is the most widely utilized herbicide worldwide due to its effectiveness in controlling agricultural weeds. However, its persistence in aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns about the well-being of non-target organisms such as fish. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure (21 days) to glyphosate or its formulated product Roundup Transorb R®, at an environmentally relevant concentration permitted by regulations in certain countries (65 μg/L of glyphosate), on the locomotor activity and reproductive success of the fish Jenynsia lineata, as well as on the morphology/development and locomotor activity of its offspring, as intergenerational effects. Neither the pure nor formulated herbicide altered the distance traveled and velocity of adult fish exposed to the herbicide (F0), but they negatively affected reproductive success, decreasing the percentage of positive response to the presence of the female, reducing the number of gravid females, causing abortions, and lowering offspring survival (F1). In the F1 generation, a decrease in weight and length was noted along with developmental abnormalities in both treatment groups (pure or formulated glyphosate), with the formulation causing more harm. Observed developmental abnormalities included muscle atrophy, ascites, pigmentary disorders, vertebral agenesis, spinal deviation, and exophthalmia. Furthermore, parental exposure to pure glyphosate led to an increase in the distance traveled and velocity of F1 (hyperlocomotion), whereas exposure to the formulated product resulted in a decrease in these behaviors (hypolocomotion) of F1. These findings highlight the toxic effects of glyphosate at very low concentrations, although varying between pure and formulated, and demonstrate the intergenerational consequences of herbicide exposure, underscoring the risk to the survival of fish offspring in glyphosate-contaminated environments.

Can the Herbicide Dicamba Produce Oxidative Stress in the Native South American fish Jenynsia lineata at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations?

Dicamba (DIC) is one of the most applied auxin herbicides worldwide. Sublethal effects in the South American native fish Jenynsia lineata exposed to DIC concentrations close to environmental concentrations (0.03-30µg/L) during 48h were analysed thorough the evaluation of catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels for detecting potential oxidative stress. In gills MDA increased showing oxidative damage probably because of an inefficient antioxidant defense. This response evidenced the important role of gills as an organ of direct contact with waterborne contaminants. In addition, other changes in the biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed such as the inhibition of SOD activities in brain and the inhibition of GST in liver. These results show that short- term exposures to environmentally relevant concentrations of DIC could induce sublethal effects in native fish.

Ovarian changes and development of the branchial placenta occurring in Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinodontiformes, Anablepidae).

In viviparous teleosts, intraovarian gestation occurs intrafollicularly, as in poeciliids, or intraluminally, as in goodeids and anablepids. Furthermore, there are two different forms of embryonic nutrition: lecithotrophy and matrotrophy; depending on the species, these can be exclusive or coexist during gestation. In matrotrophic species, nutrients are transmitted from the mother to the embryo and are especially important in species with intraluminal gestation. Jenynsia lineata is a South American viviparous teleost with intraluminal gestation, characterized by eggs with scarce yolk, which is resorbed when embryos are 6 mm long, thus developing a branchial placenta. Using histological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques, the present study describes the characteristics and changes of the ovarian mucosa in J. lineata during gestational and nongestational phases, and analyzes the embryonic pharyngeal epithelium in the branchial placenta. The ovaries of 30 adult female specimens were processed using histological techniques and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Alcian Blue pH 2.5/periodic acid Schiff reagent. To detect cell proliferation, we used antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody. In nonpregnant females, eosinophilic granular cells (EGCs) and lymphocytes were identified in the lamina propria of the tunica mucosa, and melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and fibroblasts were identified adjacent to tissue debris in the ovarian folds'. In the cellular debris, an embryo in resorption was observed. In pregnant females, the ovarian mucosa has thin vascularization branches entering the opercular chamber of the embryos, in close contact with the forming gill processes, thereby establishing a branchial placenta. Active cell replacement was observed in these ovarian branches. The identification of fibroblasts, lymphocytes,EGCs, and MMCs adjacent to tissue debris could indicate that these cell types are involved in the embryonic resorption process. Considering the new data obtained in this study on the branchial placenta of J. lineata, we conclude that cell proliferation could be involved in the development of maternal-embryonic interaction.

Processes that drive the population structuring of Jenynsia lineata (Cyprinidontiformes, Anablepidae) in the La Plata Basin.

The distribution of genetic diversity across a species distribution range is rarely homogeneous, as the genetic structure among populations is related to the degree of isolation among them, such as isolation by distance, isolation by barrier, and isolation by environment. Jenynsia lineata is a small viviparous fish that inhabits a wide range of habitats in South America. To decipher the isolation processes that drive population structuring in J. lineata, we analyzed 221 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI), from 19 localities. Then, we examined the influence of the three most common types of isolation in order to explain the genetic variation found in this species.Our results revealed a marked structuration, with three groups: (a) La Plata/Desaguadero Rivers (sampling sites across Argentina, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil), (b) Central Argentina, and (c) Northern Argentina. A distance‐based redundancy analysis, including the explanatory variables geographical distances, altitude, latitude, and basin, was able to explain up to 65% of the genetic structure. A variance partitioning analysis showed that the two most important variables underlying the structuration in J. lineata were altitude (isolation by environment) and type of basin (isolation by barrier).Our results show that in this species, the processes of population diversification are complex and are not limited to a single mechanism. The processes that play a prominent role in this study could explain the high rate of diversity that characterizes freshwater fish species. And these processes in turn are the basis for possible speciation events.

First records of parasitic nematodes in two species of river fish, San Juan Province, Argentina.

In rivers and other watercourses from San Juan Province specimens of Hatcheria macraei (Girard, 1855), Psalidodon eigenmanniorum (=Astyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope, 1894), Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) and Trichomycterus corduvensis Weyenbergh 1877 were captured. Of these, H. macraei and P. eigenmanniorum were parasitized with the nematodes Rhabdochona acuminata and Contracaecum sp., respectively. The morphometric analysis of the identified nematodes is included. They are the first records of parasitic nematodes of fish from San Juan Province. In this way, the geographical distribution of both nematodes was extended and H. macraei and P. eigenmanniorum were registered as new hosts.

Composition, abundance and biomass of a fish assemblage in a southern Brazilian coastal stream during polyhaline/euhaline condition

Abstract: The coastal streams of southernmost Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul state, are marked by a period of regular marine intrusion resultant from intense oceanic winds. In the present study we aimed to investigate the species composition, abundance and relative biomass of the ichthyofauna in the lower stretch of a coastal stream during summer, a period of regular marine intrusion. Estreito is a coastal hydrological complex composed by lakes, swamps and a perennial stream, located at the central-south portion of the coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul state. During the summer of 2018, the ichthyofauna of lower Estreito stream was sampled by beach hauls applied in 17 random points distributed in a stretch of ca. 2km. Measurements at the sampled stretch revealed salinities between 19.3 to 31.3 ppt, characterizing the studied system as polyhaline/euhaline during summer. The sample of 4,533 specimens revealed the occurrence of 20 species, being the great majority marine-dwelling. The most abundant species were the anablepid Jenynsia lineata (70.3%), the cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (19.3%) and the the mugilid Mugil curema (7.5%). The highest relative biomass was recorded for J. lineata, followed by M. curema and G. brasiliensis. The dominance of marine-dwelling species in the assemblage composition and the high abundance of limnic-estuarine J. lineata corroborate previous studies conducted in other washouts of Rio Grande do Sul.

Shape and size variation of Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from different coastal environments

A key question in ecological speciation is to understand the causes and consequences of phenotypic divergence among populations. In this work, we analyzed the body shape and size variation in Jenynsia lineata across different coastal habitats along the Atlantic coast of South America. We hypothesized that J. lineata presents morphological variations to inhabit contrasting environments and that these adaptations are sex specific. We analyzed 13 populations from five coastal habitats, using linear and geometric morphometry, and tested the correlation of body shape variation with environmental variables to understand which environmental factors may influence body shape and size variation. Jenynsia lineata showed differences in body shape and size among populations, and these differences are specific to each sex. While females showed a variation in the caudal peduncle correlated with water current, we did not find such trait variation and correlation in males. Alternatively, individuals from marine rocky pools have a convex body curvature along the dorsal profile and larger body sizes, in both sexes. With these results, we describe the shape and size morphological variation of J. lineata and discuss this uncommon habitat-dependent sexual dimorphism in a Neotropical livebearer fish.

Jenynsia lineata species complex, revision and new species description (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae).

The Jenynsia lineata species complex comprises J. lineata from Montevideo, Uruguay and Jenynsia multidentata, from coastal basins of Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina up to 1200 ma.s.l. Taxonomic divisions within this group were tested using three different species delimitation methods, which found the two existing names to be synonyms and revealed a new cryptic species. Jenynsia darwini sp. nov. is distinguished from all congeners by having a unique combination of character states, including the shape of the dorsal postcleithrum (three times higher than wide v. less than two times higher than wide) and female colour pattern in the half of the caudal peduncle with rows of chromatophores segmented in unaligned spots (v. aligned spots forming lines). The new species also differs from J. lineata by having 26 nucleotide substitutions in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (coI). Phylogenetic analysis of the genus based on morphological characters proposed by previous studies corroborates monophyly of the subgenera Plesiojenynsia and Jenynsia, with the new species being allocated to the subgenus Jenynsia as the sister group of J. lineata.

Specific testicular morphology in the atherinomorphOdontesthes nigricans(Richardson, 1848): a comparison with the sympatric speciesOdontesthes smitti(Lahille, 1929)

Journal of Applied IchthyologyVolume 25, Issue 4 p. 485-487 Specific testicular morphology in the atherinomorph Odontesthes nigricans (Richardson, 1848): a comparison with the sympatric species Odontesthes smitti (Lahille, 1929) E. R. Morriconi, E. R. Morriconi Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorM. E. Lattuca, M. E. Lattuca Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorC. C. Boy, C. C. Boy Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Calvo, J. Calvo Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author E. R. Morriconi, E. R. Morriconi Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorM. E. Lattuca, M. E. Lattuca Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorC. C. Boy, C. C. Boy Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this authorJ. Calvo, J. Calvo Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 16 July 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2009.01236.xCitations: 1 Author’s address: E. R. Morriconi, Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC – CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, (V9410BFD) Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.E-mail: elbamorriconi@gmail.com Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume25, Issue4August 2009Pages 485-487 RelatedInformation

Estrutura populacional, aspectos da reprodução e alimentação dos Cyprinodontiformes (Osteichthyes) de um riacho do sudeste do Brasil

The population structure, reproductive aspects and feeding of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868), Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider (1801), Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868) e Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) were studied in five sampling stations in the Ubatiba stream, municipality of Marica (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). In relation to the population structure, P. caudimaculatus was more representative upstream; P. vivipara mid-stream and downstream; P. januarius and J. lineata downstream. The species presented preponderance of females, except in the intermediate length classes. The occurence of imatures and females with young pointed out a long reproductive period and favoured areas for reproduction of the four species. The young forms of P. caudimaculatus were more abundant in station 1 (upstream), P. vivipara in station 4 (downstream) and P. januarius and J. lineata in station 5 (Marica coastal lagoon). The higher occurences of females with young belong to P. caudimaculatus, in station 1 (upstream) and P. vivipara and P. januarius in station 5 (Marica lagoon). The four studied species presented herbivorous diet and the differences found in the feeding may reflect the differences in the food availability in the microhabitats used by the species. So, we concluded that the studied species presented evident segregation in several levels of the different available resources in the environment.

Lateral asymmetries during escape behavior in a species of teleost fish ( Jenynsia lineata)

Lateral asymmetries in the direction of turning during escape behavior in a species of teleost fish, Jenynsia lineata, are reported. When faced with the visual image of a simulated predator, approximately half of the individuals exhibited a significant bias to turn rightwards or leftwards, and the asymmetry tended to be retained when the same fish were retested 1 month later. Some morphological characters (pectoral fin rays, scales in natural row, supraorbital, preopercular, and postotic pores) were measured to check whether the degree of behavioral asymmetry was correlated with morphological fluctuating asymmetries associated with environmental stress or reduced heterozygosis. The results showed that it was not. The implications of these results for the interpretation of behavioral lateralization at the individual and population level are discussed.

Life history of Pygidiopsis crassus n. sp. (Trematoda, Digenea, Heterophyidae) in the neotropical region

The life cycle of Pygidiopsis crassus n. sp. was experimentally reproduced, starting from cercariae from naturally infected Littoridina parchappei collected from Lujan River and different ponds in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. Metacercariae were found encysted in the body cavity of experimentally and naturally infected fishes Cnesterodon decemmaculatus and naturally infected Jenynsia lineata. Adults were obtained experimentally in chicks and mice. The natural host is unknown. The new species is compared with Pygidiopsis macrostomum Travassos 1928, from Rattus norvegicus and from Noctilio leporinus mastivus, differing in body and egg sizes, in the size relation of oral and ventral sucker and the shape of excretory vesicle.

Relações tróficas entre as cinco espécies de peixes mais representativas nas margens da laguna de Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro

This study gives information on the feeding habits of 1,015 specimens, belonging to the five most abundant fish species in the Jacarepagua Lagoon, captured between March 1990 and February 1991, using trawl net. A feeding index was introduced to compare the relative importance of various food items, according to species standard length. A clustering analysis was calculated by using numerical coefficient of food items and defined two main groups: The 1 st represented by Xenomelaniris brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) and Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns, 1842) considered omnivorous, fed mainly on insects, and the second including Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger, 1896), Phalloptychus januarius (Hensel, 1868) and Poecilia vivipara (Bloch & Schneider, 1801), whose principal diet source was epibenthic cyanophytes, specially Microcystis sp. and Lyngbia sp.

Ovarian structural specializations facilitate aplacental matrotrophy in Jenynsia lineata (cyprinodontiformes, osteichthyes).

Jenynsia lineata retains its embryos within the ovarian cavity for a prolonged gestation. In the absence of egg envelopes, maternal-embryonic transfer occurs through ovarian fluid across apposed epithelia, relatively lining the ovarian lumen and the surface of the embryos. There are no hypertrophied extraembryonic structures that could provide expanded exchange surfaces for the passage of nutrients beyond the 8-mm stage, but structural specializations of the ovary then form, and these may sustain embryogenesis. Outgrowths of the inner lining of the ovary, villi ovariales, enter the pharyngeal cavity of the embryos via an opercular cleft remaining from early stages of development, after depletion of yolk reserves, until shortly before term. The ovary and its villi are lined by a monolayer of squamous cells showing evidence of vesicular transport of macromolecular substances both on the apical surface and at the basolateral pole. It serves for transcellular passage of maternally derived substances rather than as a source of secretory products. Most adjacent cells interdigitate, and the epithelium is continuous except for few gaps at the villous tips, which allow paracellular passage of particulate matter. These epithelial cells contain abundant filaments, electron-dense granules within the cytoplasm and the nucleus, sparse elements of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, a Golgi apparatus, and different sorts of vacuoles. The capillaries in the intraovarian lining are spaced most densely at the ovarian wall, less so toward the tips of the villi. The villi ovariales contain a network of connective tissue that forms endotheliumlike septa, which divide the interior into numerous different-sized loculi.

Biosynthesis and metabolism of estrogens in Jenynsia lineata

The estrogen-synthesizing capacity in the immature ovary of the teleost Jenynsia lineata was studied in vitro, incubating the tissue with tritiated progesterone, pregnenolone and testosterone. Estradiol-17β and estrone were isolated and characterized in all incubations. The occurrence of both estrogens was predominantly observed when pregnenolone was used as substrate. In vivo studies showed significant uptake of[ 3H] estradiol by Jenynsia's uteri. The in vivo distribution of labelled estradiol suggests an enterohepatic circulation of this hormone.

The Breeding Cycle of the South American Fish, Jenynsia lineata, in the Northern Hemisphere

. 1883. Synopsis of the fishes of North America. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16: Ivi + 1018 pp. JORDAN, DAVID S. AND SETH E. MEEK. 1885. Description of four new species of Cyprinidae in the United States National Museum. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 7: 474-77. 883. Synopsis of the fishes of N rth erica. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 16: Ivi + 1018 pp. RDAN, DAVID S. AND SETH E. M EK. 1885 scription of our new species of Cyprinidae THOMPSON, H. D. 1939. Drainage evolution in the southern Appalachians. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 50(8): 1323-1356.