Javelin Throwers Research Articles

Skip spondylolysis in a javelin thrower: A rare case report

Abstract Pars interarticularis defects leading to spondylolysis and/or spondylolisthesis especially in young athletes are most commonly seen in lower lumbar vertebrae. Conservative treatment with abstinence from the athletic activities, rest, and physiotherapy marks the primary mode of treatment before going to surgical interventions. We report a 26-year-old patient with chronic lower back pain with antecedent history of athletic activities involving javelin throw. Besides an athletic activity, no other history of trauma existed. Radiologic investigations showed skip level pars lysis at L3 and L5 vertebrae. Patient was treated with only conservative methods, abstinence from sports and physiotherapy. Patient had significant improvement in his symptoms. Long-term proper physiotherapy to strengthen the lower back and abdominal muscles is necessary in order to alleviate the symptoms and to regain athletics. To our knowledge there are no reported cases where we find spondylolysis in upper lumbar vertebrae (L3), which is uncommon, along with most common L5 involvement in a young athletic javelin thrower. We have found only isolated L3/L4/L5 or concurrent L3 and L4 or L4 and L5 pars lysis reported in literature. There are no reported cases in literature on skip level spondylolysis in a single individual. Because of the natural history of the disease, conservative methods of management were aptly advocated and positive outcomes were seen in the follow-up.

Physiotherapy treatments for the patient with Bankart lesion repair: a case report study

Background: Bankart lesion is torn in the anterior membrane covering the shoulder joint (labrum) due to continuous dislocation of the shoulder joint forward. Bankart lesions can occur due to sports activities that use the front of the shoulder, such as javelin throwing. It is not uncommon for injuries to javelin-throwing athletes to require physiotherapy treatment so they can return to playing javelin-throwing.
 Aim: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the training program such as ultrasound therapy and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), active assisted range of motion (ROM) exercises, active assisted ROM exercises against gravity, strengthening exercises, wall climbing, and open cage exercises. to tourists who are javelin throwing athletes who experience Bankart lesions.
 Case Report: In this case, a 42-year-old man from France came to the physiotherapy clinic complaining of pain, stiffness, and limited movement of the right shoulder joint. The patient underwent surgery for Bankart shoulder repair on his right shoulder on October 16th, 2022, due to repeated dislocations three times during javelin throws. The patient has limited movement and pain in the right shoulder. In addition, the right hand also does not swing when walking. On static inspection, the chest, shoulder, and right arm are smaller (atrophied) and positioned lower than the left. There is an incision in the anterior deltoid area (post-Bankart repair shoulder). Intervention modalities included ultrasound therapy applications and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Exercise therapy includes active assisted ROM exercises, active assisted ROM exercises against gravity, strengthening exercises, wall climbing, and open cage exercises.
 Result: After interventions, the patient’s recovery condition improved. An exercise program designed and implemented on patients for two weeks has slowly raised the patient's self-confidence and increased the patient's ability to perform physical activities.
 Conclusion: The physiotherapy intervention program for a Bankart lesion patient showed an improvement in the patient’s condition, with an increase in ROM, an increase in muscle strength, and a decrease in perceived pain.

The influence of body segment estimation methods on body segment inertia parameters and joint moments in javelin throwing

Calculated intersegmental moments are commonly used in analyzing throwing movements. The inverse dynamics (ID) results can vary due to the chosen set of body segment inertia parameters (BSIP). A multitude of methods to determine BSIP sets are available. The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of different estimation methods on the BSIPs and the respective impact on the ID results in javelin throwing. Movement kinematics were recorded for ten male javelin throwers. Six different methods were used to estimate BSIP sets for the upper extremities of each thrower. Subsequently, ID results were obtained for each thrower and BSIP set. Results show variations between 8% and 120% between the BSIP sets, and maximum intersegmental moments varied between 6% and 21%, respectively. Joint-specific variations of intersegmental moments were observed as well as movement-specific variations within a joint related to the different BSIP sets. Furthermore, the influence of BSIP sets appears to be subject-specific as well, with observed variations between 9% and 18% – some athletes are better represented by the chosen methods than others. Hence, our study results suggest that the method to determine BSIP sets needs to be carefully chosen for calculating joint kinetics in throwing movements.

Development of Discriminant Model for Classifying Throwers on the Basis of Anthropometric and Physical Fitness Variables

The purpose of this study was to develop a discriminate model to classify throwers (discus, javelin and hammer) on the basis of anthropometric variables and to predict their group membership based on the developed model. There were 25 discus throwers, 25 hammer throwers and 25 javelin throwers of age group 17-25 selected as subjects. The data were collected on anthropometric variables i.e. height, weight, sitting height, (leg, arm, hand) length, shoulder width, (chest, hip, thigh, calf) circumference, (back, shoulder, grip and leg explosive) strength. The anthropometric variables were measured by using selected standardized instruments and measuring tapes. Data collected was analyzed at 0.05 level of significance, descriptive statistics and multiple discriminant analysis was applied to classify and predict group membership of the throwers into the discus, hammer and javelin. The results showed that 68.0% of original grouped cases were correctly classified and 45.3% of cross-validated grouped cases correctly classified.

Factors in Javelin Throw that Result in Differences in Throwing Records Between Throwers with Similar Approach Velocities

Factors in Javelin Throw that Result in Differences in Throwing Records Between Throwers with Similar Approach Velocities

The effect of an educational program using the guided discovery method in developing fluidity and motor transmission according to biomechanical variables, technical performance, and javelin throw achievement for middle school students.

تعمل الدول على تطوير النظم التعليمية إيمانا منها بأن العملية التعليمية هي العنصر الرئيس لإحداث التنمية بجميع ابعادها ولقد شهدت السنوات الأخيرة تزايد اهتمام المربين والباحثين بتطوير الدراسات التربوية في مختلف مراحل التعليم , ولإيمانهم بأهمية التعلم والتعليم على وجه الخصوص , والدور الذي يؤديه في تربية الأجيال لإعداد المواطن القادر على القيام بواجباته نحو المجتمع الذي يعيش فيه بكفاءة عالية , متمكناً من المهارات التي تعينه على مواجهة مشكلات حياته فقد انعكس ذلك على مجموعة من التغيرات شملت مناهجها وأدواتها ونظرياته, وذلك نتيجة التقدم العلمي في كافة المجالات وبخاصة في العلوم الإنسانية وكان من الطبيعي ان تنعكس هذه التغيرات على عناصر العملية التعليمية لا سيما في المجال الرياضي

The Impact of Blended Learning and Direct Video Feedback on Primary School Students’ Three-Step Ball Throwing Technique

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate three distinct methods of teaching the three-step ball throw simulating the javelin throw technique to primary school students. The sample consisted of 131 primary school students of 5th and 6th grade (Mage = 11.4, SD = 0.47 years) randomly divided into three groups. The control group (CON) received typical instruction, the first experimental group (EXP) followed a blended learning intervention which included an interactive learning activity software and the second experimental group (EXPVF) followed the same blended learning method with an additional direct video feedback system. A pre/post-test design was implemented to evaluate students’ technique, using as criteria five selected technique elements of the three-step ball throw. Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysis showed that all three groups performed significantly better after the intervention in all five criteria. However, Kruskal-Wallis H test analysis with post-hoc test revealed that the results for EXPVF group were significantly better than the other two groups in all elements, while the EXP group showed significantly better results in three of the five elements compared with the CON group. In conclusion, students appeared to benefit more in their three-step ball throw technique through blended learning and direct video feedback.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Alat Modifikasi Pipa Aluminium Terhadap Kemampuan Lempar Lembing pada Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Setu Kabupaten Bekasi

This study aimed to determine the effect of using an aluminum pipe modification tool on students' javelin-throwing abilities. This research design uses Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive. The sample in the study was students of class IPA 4 who were divided into two groups (experimental group and control group), with 18 students in each group. The experimental group was given treatment using aluminum pipe modification tools, while the control group was not assigned treatment and aluminum pipe modification tools. Data collection techniques used include a pre-test and post-test. It was analyzed using an independent t-test. From the results of the t-test calculation, the results of Sig. of 0.000 where if Sig. <0.05, then there is a significant difference. Then the results of the t-test obtained tcount of 4.127 where if tcount 4.127 > ttable 2.021 (df 34), then it is declared a significant difference. In conclusion, the use of a modified aluminum pipe has an increasing and significant effect on the javelin-throwing ability of the students of SMA Negeri 1 Setu, Bekasi Regency.
 Keywords: Ability, Aluminum Pipe Modification Tool, Javelin Throw.

Application of Video Feedback System to Technical Analysis and Diagnosis of Throwing Athletes

Throwing sports have high technical difficulties and requirements. The traditional learning and training methods require athletes to start from observation and imitation and constantly repeat mechanized training. Athletes have no intuitive comparison and understanding of the overall situation of their own movement technology. Video feedback systems can make up for the shortcomings of traditional methods, so that athletes can more intuitively observe the problems of their own actions. Therefore, this paper puts forward the application research of technical analysis and diagnosis of throwing athletes based on video feedback system, and uses random forest regression algorithm to construct video feedback system. The comparative experimental results show that the students who study and train the movement technology through the video feedback system have higher performance in javelin throwing than the students in the control group, and the performance improvement range is higher. The javelin throwing movement technology is closer to the requirements of the standard movement, which can reduce the wrong movements of javelin throwing. It is more conducive for students to achieve better javelin throwing results.

Deer Hunting Tradition of the Kuligang Community to Identify the Types of Sports Branches (Ethnographic Study)

The tradition of hunting deer is an inseparable part of human life in ancient times and until now the tradition of hunting in the Kuligang community is still preserved. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of sports, especially athletics. The method in this study is a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The population in this study amounted to 10 Kuligang tribal chiefs, and then all of these populations were used as subjects in this study. All subjects were male with 4 people aged 54.56 and 63 years, then 3 people aged 37, 28, and 41 years, 1 person aged 79 years old, 1 person aged 80 years old and 1 person aged 68 years old. The occupations of all subjects are farmers and fishermen. The data collection in this study was observation and in-depth interviews. This study uses two sources of data, namely: 1). Sources of direct data that researchers get from the subject/ resource person, 2). Indirect data sources that researchers found from books and articles that are relevant to this research. Data analysis in this study includes data reduction, data presentation, and data conclusion drawing. The results of this study prove that there are four sports identified, namely javelin throwing, archery, running and walking, so it can be concluded that the hunting tradition of the Kuligang community has sports activities.

Олімпізм в історії фізичної культури України

The Relevance of the Research. Ever since ancient times, Physical Education (PE) has been undergoing a process of formation, development, and enhancement in the territory occupied by modern Ukraine, and now it has become an integral part of ethnic culture. In current Research Papres, the historical aspects of PE and the contemporary applications of the physical culture traditions have been researched. However, the atmosphere of Olympism which has been present during the various historical periods of the physical culture development in Ukraine has never been the subject of specifically-focused study. Objective of the Research: To reveal the essence of Olympism in the history of PE in the territory of modern Ukraine. The Research Methods: analysis and generalization of scientific and ethnographic literature, induction and deduction, historical and logical methods, method of extrapolation. The Research Results. PE, in general, followed the tradition of ancient Greece and took place in gymnasia and palaestra, under the supervision of specially trained personnel. The program of the competition was quite broad and included pentathlon, pugilism, horseback riding, archery, swimming, dancing, and outdoor games, among others. Pentathlon consisted of wrestling, running, jumping, javelin throw, and discus throw. Extensive development of PE and sport in the Northern Seaside of the Black Sea led to close relationships with other sports policies in the Greek world. Athletes participated in the most prestigious competitions in Greece. Vicory was considered the highest achievement and brought fame and universal respect for fellow citizens. Conclusions. The tradition of Olympism in the history of PE in Ukraine reached the northern Black Sea area from the 7th century BC to the 2nd century AD. Over time, it created a unique PE system, based on national ideals of physical perfection, on the domestic and traditional ceremonies and customs of Olympism.

The effect of rebound strength training on some indicators of electrical muscle activity (EMG) and achievement of javelin throwing from sitting cp34 youth group

The study aimed to prepare rebound force training, as well as to identify the effect of rebound force training on some indicators of the electrical muscle activity device (EMG) and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting class Cp34 youth, and the problem of the study is that there is a weakness in the kinetic performance technique in putting the force of the thrower in the process Pulling and pushing because it affects the achievement and causes the rapid contractions of the muscles. The aim is to create strength and speed at the stage of pulling and pushing. In addition, the sample needs a sufficient amount of explosive and rapid force according to the performance technique to create interference between the training aspect when performing the pull and push during the javelin throw because there is a weakness in the explosive force of the working muscles In performance, and there are hypotheses with statistical significance between the tribal and remote tests of some indicators of electrical activity of the muscles (EMG) and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting cp34 category of young people in favor of the post test.

The effect of rebound strength training on some indicators of electrical muscle activity (EMG) and achievement of javelin throwing from sitting cp34 youth group

The study aimed to prepare rebound force training, as well as to identify the effect of rebound force training on some indicators of the electrical muscle activity device (EMG) and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting class Cp34 youth, and the problem of the study is that there is a weakness in the kinetic performance technique in putting the force of the thrower in the process Pulling and pushing because it affects the achievement and causes the rapid contractions of the muscles. The aim is to create strength and speed at the stage of pulling and pushing. In addition, the sample needs a sufficient amount of explosive and rapid force according to the performance technique to create interference between the training aspect when performing the pull and push during the javelin throw because there is a weakness in the explosive force of the working muscles In performance, and there are hypotheses with statistical significance between the tribal and remote tests of some indicators of electrical activity of the muscles (EMG) and the achievement of javelin throwing from sitting cp34 category of young people in favor of the post test.

Sports recreation program with pre-modeled athletic throwing content

By using various sports recreation programs, we try to reduce the negative effects of living in today's age. This study defines a sports-recreational program based on athletic throwing exercises. The reduced amount of muscle mass that comes with age and thus the deficit of strength, coordination and balance cause difficulty in movement and the inability to perform harmonious movements. The decline in motor skills that comes at the time of involution can be quite slowed down through recreational programs that target these abilities. Considering that sports recreation is in question, the intensity and scope of action is logically significantly less than competitive training. In addition to the basic disciplines of shot put, discus throw, javelin throw, and hammer throw, the recreational program also used a large number of exercises that throwers use in their training as ancillary exercises as well as exercises with free weights. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of recreational exercise and health and the wider sports and recreational content of athletic throwing.

‘I Consider Myself a Political Prisoner’: The Long and Strange Journeys of American Rebels Enmeshed in Ironies of the Athletes’ Rights Crusade

ABSTRACT Flaunting international anti-apartheid bans, two groups of American track and field ‘rebels’ toured South Africa in the late 1980s. In defending their incendiary treks, they asserted their rights both to act on their own political principles and to earn a paycheck. Heavily criticized by a global coalition that supported the South African athletic embargoes, they were punished with long suspensions and public humiliation. A few of the ‘rebels’ remained in South Africa after the tours, most prominently world-class javelin thrower Tom Petranoff who moved his family to the apartheid state and continued his career in the only nation in the world that would still allow him to compete. As apartheid unexpectedly and rapidly crumbled in the early 1990s, Petranoff became a South African citizen, sought a place on the South African 1992 Olympic team that returned to the games for the first time since 1960, and touted his particular, libertarian doctrine of athletes’ rights. Petranoff painted himself as a ‘political prisoner’ shunned by both his native US homeland and the new multi-racial government emerging in South Africa in the post-apartheid era. His career offers a window into the complexities of national and international sport in confronting apartheid regimes.

The effect of compound training on some morphological measurements and explosive power of working muscles, and the level of achievement by javelin throwing

The importance of the research lies in showing the impact of the application of complex training to develop morphological measurements and the explosive power of working muscles and thus raise the level of achievement and contribute to the promotion of scientific applications more effectively and bypassing traditional methods and adding progress in the right direction for the development of javelin throwing for young people and attention to this segment as they constitute an essential future sports base. The problem arose with the question: Does compound training affect the explosive power and level of achievement by javelin throwing? The search aims to recognize the effect of compound training exercises in developing some morphological measurements, explosive power, and achievement level for javelin throwers. The researcher adopted the experimental method as it is compatible with the solution of the problem to be investigated. The intentional process chose the research sample. They are a group of talented school players, the junior class, by javelin throwing, and their number 6 players yen applied the training program to them. The conclusions were that the training program using compound training led to an improvement in the morphological measurements (arm and legs) for the research sample.

Paper 13: Clinical Outcomes of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgeries in Non-Baseball Throwing Athletes

Objectives:In the medical literature regarding injuries of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), baseball players comprise a majority of the athletes studied. Baseball players endure repetitive valgus forces in the elbow that can cause damage to the UCL with the overhead throwing motion. However, there are limited studies in the literature regarding UCL injuries in non-baseball throwing athletes, specifically in softball, football, and javelin throwing. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients treated surgically for UCL injuries at our institution between April 2010 and July 2019. Our hypothesis was that there would be a high success rate of recovery among non-baseball throwing athletes with UCL injuries.Methods:Inclusion criteria for this study included patient who underwent either the surgical repair or reconstruction of the UCL in non-baseball throwing athletes with at least two-year follow-up. We excluded patients that had missing operative reports and any patients that participated in baseball. We retrospectively identified all patients eligible for the study and contacted them by phone to give informed consent and achieve follow-up data. For data collection, we used the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standardized Shoulder Assessment Form (ASES), the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedics Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score (KJOC), and our institution-specific Return to Play questionnaire.Results:After we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria to our elbow database search, we identified 66 patients eligible for the study. Of the 66 patients, 34 patients had missing or incomplete operative reports, leaving 32 patients. Of the 32 patients, 26 patients (81%) were successfully contacted and followed up with. Of these 26 patients, 14 (54%) underwent UCL repair, whereas 12 (46%) underwent UCL reconstruction. The average age of participants at the time of surgery was 19.1, and the average post-operative time at follow-up was 4.68 years.Two patients had subsequent revision UCL procedures (6.3% failure rate). The surgical satisfaction in the 26 patients was an average of 9.67 out of 10. The average Andrews/Carson score was 92.5, and the average KJOC score was 90.6. Additionally, out of the 26 patients evaluated who played sports at the time of their arthroscopy, two had ceased athletic participation due to limitations of the elbow.Conclusions:In conclusion, we identified excellent clinical outcomes following UCL procedures in non-baseball throwing athletes with a 92% return to play rate and high surgical satisfaction and functional outcome scores. Further statistical analysis is needed for additional comparisons, including return-to-play between different sports, and outcome comparisons between different surgical techniques performed. However, this study significantly adds to the previously scarce literature on clinical outcomes following surgical treatment for UCL injuries in non-baseball throwing athletes.

STUDY ON PSYCHOLOGICAL HARDINESS OF STATE LEVEL LONG JUMPER AND JAVELIN THROWER

The present study was made to find out the psychological hardiness between State Level Sprinter and Javelin Thrower”. A total of 30 sprinters and 30 javelin throwers were selected from different district of West Bengal. The age of the subject ranged from 16 to 21 yrs. Old. To measure the psychological hardiness of the player was used to Bengali version of psychological hardiness scale which was developed by Singh (2008) was administered on a selected sample. Descriptive statistics along with a t-test was used to analyze the result of the study. The level of significance was 0.05 levels. Results revealed that there was no significant difference between Sprinters and Javelin throwers. Key Words: Psychological Hardiness, Long Jumper, Javelin Thrower

The Stations Method Differentiated Levels’ Impact on some Special Physical Components Development and Technical level of Javelin Throwing Competition

The Stations Method Differentiated Levels’ Impact on some Special Physical Components Development and Technical level of Javelin Throwing Competition

The Impact of a training program on some special physical abilities and the performance record of javelin throwing competition

The Impact of a training program on some special physical abilities and the performance record of javelin throwing competition