Javanese Muslims Research Articles

ISLAM JAWA DAN PEACEFUL ISLAM SEBAGAI KONTRA RADIKALISME ISLAM DI PEDALAMAN RIAU, SUMATERA KONTEMPORER

This article is the result of research on the locality of Islam in Indonesia post-reformation, focusing on the rural areas of Riau, Sumatra. The study examines the dynamics of local Islam in three regencies, namely Siak, Pelalawan, and Rokan Hulu, in the province of Riau, uncovering various interesting phenomena. The Riau Malay Islam, which has deep historical roots influenced by Sufism, has developed a pattern and character of peaceful Islam. This peaceful Islam character is shaped through the acculturation of local traditions and culture. At a glance, this peaceful Islam seems to be a collective identity of the Riau Malay Muslims that is unchanging. However, this is not the case. Post-reformation Islam in Riau has undergone dynamic changes. The rise of radical Islamic ideologies promoted by several radical Islamic organizations has led to a shift in the mindset of the Malay Muslims from moderate and peaceful to more radical. Amidst this shift in Islamic thought in modern Riau Malay, networks of Javanese Muslims from various pesantren in Java affiliated with the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) organization have been promoting the spirit of Javanese Islam, which is peaceful, akin to the Malay Islam inherited from their ancestors. In this open social structure, each actor plays a role in interpreting Islam within the mentioned social structure.

Javanese-Islamic Mysticism In Serat Nitisruti By Prince Karanggayam

Javanese-Islamic mysticism believes that humans can find God (in union with Him) through wisdom. The concepts are similar to Sufism, such as Ittiḥād, ḥulūl, and Waḥdat al-wujūd. This study aims to discover the formulation of Javanese-Islamic mysticism teachings in Serat Nitisruti by Prince Karanggayam. The primary data were obtained from Javanese manuscripts, namely Serat Nitisruti, compiled by Prince Karanggayam (1591-1612 AD), from the early days of Pajang to the end of Pajang (controlled by Mataram). Prince Karanggayam was the first poet and an Islamic preacher in Pajang. This study applies the cultural analysis of Koentjaraningrat. The results show that Javanese-Islamic mysticism in Serat Nitisruti has four stages; purification of kapti (heart), atunggal marang Gusti (union with God), nugrahaning widhi (God’s blessing), and the last is application stage, i.e., managing the world or doing actual actions. If someone can reach the third stage, he deserves to be called waskitha. However, if those stages are not completed with the application stage, the result will be imperfect. Therefore, Javanese-Islamic mysticism has its reasoning and logic by Javanese society at that time, namely, ngelmu kanthi laku; knowledge must be accompanied by actual actions.Contribution: This study uncovers the teachings of the spiritual journey based on local wisdom among Javanese Muslims, as contained in Serat Nitisruti, which Prince Karanggayam compiled.

Empowerment of Islamic Ethics and Javanese Hindu Ethics in the Formation of National Character

This research seeks to examine the strengthening of Islamic and Hindu ethics in Java, playing a pivotal role in shaping the character of Javanese society and extending influence to the broader Indonesian community. Given the dominance of Javanese traditions, particularly in societal behavior, the empowerment process unfolds through interconnection and transformation within religious activities. This process brings forth the inherent genius of the local Javanese populace, fostering a religious dimension. This empowerment occurs by emphasizing the concentration of feelings (rasa) as the basis for behavior and the objectification of Javanese people's religious beliefs. The analysis methodology adopts content analysis with a comparative approach and an anthropolinguistic perspective. The goal of this methodological approach is to unveil the mechanism for cultivating profound self-awareness in relation to others, translating acquired knowledge (kaweruh) into tangible actions as a religious model. The resulting model of religious objectification represents the local genius and behavioral characteristics of Javanese Muslims. The study reveals that the features of religious objectification, expressing the truths inherited from ancestors, transform into local wisdom with an Islamic or Hindu religious essence. This transformation is indicated by three key Javanese cultural values: harmony, functional structure, and transcendental aspects. The applicability of these three values, especially for the Surakarta and Yogyakarta areas, also serves as an identity for the ethos of religious harmony and a factor in forming the behavioral character of Javanese Muslims and may extend to influence the Indonesian people in general.

The Construction of Happiness among Rural Javanese Muslims

The Construction of Happiness among Rural Javanese Muslims

Tradisi Fida’an dan Akulturasinya pada Masyarakat Desa: Kajian Living Hadis di Plosojenar Ponorogo

Fida’an is an activity carried out by Javanese Muslims after the death of one of their community member. The activity consists of reciting the Quranic verses of al-Ikhlas a thousand times or the tahlil up to 71.000 times which is addressed to the deceased to avoid the torment of the fires of hell and get holy rewards. This study seeks to find out the views of the people of Plosojenar Village, Kauman District, Ponorogo Regency regarding fida’an by inquiring (1) What and how is the practice of fida’an among people of Plosojenar? and (2) How do the people of Plosojenar associate fida’an practices with hadith texts? In this study, the authors used the method of observation, interviews, and documentation to obtain supporting data. The data analysis used was descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach to religion and anthropology of religious symbols by examining the concept of diversity in the symbols present in the ritual. The results of the study concluded that (1) the meaning of fida’an for the Plosojenar people is divided into two parts, namely burdening good deeds and freeing from the torment of hellfire; and (2) the community's view of fida’an is diverse such as getting rewards and guaranteed by Allah Swt to avoid hell, as well as the growth of togetherness, help, friendship and charity within the community.

Anomali Pernikahan dalam Tradisi Hitung Weton Perspektif Fungsionalisme-Struktural

Marriage is a legal way of channeling one's human desires in realizing his desires while maintaining the security and safety of his religion and country. In Indonesia, especially in Java, every wedding is almost certainly accompanied by a local customary ceremony/tradition that is still valid. Among those that are still valid and used today, in Java, is the tradition of counting the weton of prospective brides and grooms. This short article will reveal the other side—anthropologically-sociologically—of the counting weton tradition and its relation to marriage which is still rooted in the minds of some Javanese Muslims. Why then does this tradition still exist today, and tend to be accepted by Javanese society in general? The author deliberately does not limit this research to certain locations, because the author's goal in this paper is the tradition of counting the weton itself. And to dissect this tradition, the author uses the Theo-Anthropological paradigm with Talcott Parsons' Functional-structural perspective.

Resisting the Surge of Salafism among Malay and Javanese Muslims: The Dynamics of the Tarekat Naqshbandiya and Qadiriya wa Naqshbandiya in Promoting Peaceful Islam in Riau Sumatera

This article examines the role of two Sufi orders, the Naqshbandiya order and the Qadiriyya wa al-Naqshbandiya order, in the social and cultural transformation of Malay and Javanese Muslims in contemporary Sumatra, specifically in the Malay Riau region. Socio-political approach is employed in order to analyze the internal and external dynamics of the actors involved in the object of study. The argument presented in this article states that, the Naqshbandi order or ‘Malay Riau Muslim tarekat’ has played a vital role in the social and cultural transformation of Malay Muslims by promoting a peaceful and moderate interpretation of Islam. However, the more legalistic and rigid interpretation of Islam from Saudi Arabia has promoted the Naqshbandi order to adopt a more Shari‘a-oriented approach which has gradually eroded the spiritual essence of the order’s culture and given way to more radical Islamic beliefs in the Malay Riau region. In response, the Qadiriya wa al-Naqshbandiya order continues to represent the authentic Javanese Muslim traditions and beliefs, propagating the original heritage of Malay Islamic tradition and culture. This article found out that the ethnicity embedded in the followers of tarekat may influence the orientation of a particular sufi order.

Philosophy of Ketupat and Opor: the spreading of islamic preaching through local culinary in Java Island

ABSTRACT The dish of Ketupat and Opor has played a significant role in the spread of Islamic preaching. This traditional dish has been used as a means of reaching the local population through their stomachs, incorporating Islamic teachings into local culinary practices. This paper aims to explore the philosophical implications of the spread of Islamic preaching through local culinary practices in Java Islands, with a focus on the dish of Ketupat and Opor. This is a qualitative method with library study, the instruments are observation and documentation. The paper draws on a combination of anthropological and philosophical approaches to explore the significance of Ketupat and Opor in the context of Islamic preaching in the Java Islands. Results found the dish has been used as a means of incorporating Islamic teachings into local culinary practices, creating a uniquely Javanese form of Islamic practice that resonates with the local population. In conclusion, the dish has become an important part of Javanese cultural and religious celebrations. The combination of Ketupat and Opor has become an important symbol of unity and togetherness and has helped to create a strong sense of community among Javanese Muslims.

Selamatan Bayi Versi Orang Jawa: Kajian Linguistik Antropologis

Selamatan bayi is a form of gratitude and a prayer request for congratulations for the baby. This study aims to describe the local wisdom of selamatan bayi using an anthropological linguistic approach to the contextual design of Javanese tradition. Data collection refers to the technique of recording, participatory observation, and interviews. The results of this study prove that selamatan bayi has a philosophical meaning based on Javanese cultureThere are seven kinds of selamatan bayi among the Javanese, namely (1) brokohan (birthday greetings), (2) sepasaran (5th birthday celebration), (3) selapanan (35-day baby celebration), (4) telonan (3 months birthday greetings), (5) pitonan (7 months of baby's birth), (6) setahunan (1 year of baby's birth), and (7) aqiqah (selamatan bayi for Javanese Muslims). The local wisdom of Javanese in selamatan bayi can be seen from five things, namely (1) the definition, (2) types, (3) ubarampe ‘equipment’, such as sega ingkung, sega gudangan, bubur abang putih, and so on; (4) the method of implementation, and (5) the development of the times. In every selamatan bayi contains the local wisdom of the Javanese to always maintain a balance between human relationships, the natural environment, and God.

Selamatan Bayi Versi Orang Jawa: Kajian Linguistik Antropologis

Selamatan bayi is a form of gratitude and a prayer request for congratulations for the baby. This study aims to describe the local wisdom of selamatan bayi using an anthropological linguistic approach to the contextual design of Javanese tradition. Data collection refers to the technique of recording, participatory observation, and interviews. The results of this study prove that selamatan bayi has a philosophical meaning based on Javanese cultureThere are seven kinds of selamatan bayi among the Javanese, namely (1) brokohan (birthday greetings), (2) sepasaran (5th birthday celebration), (3) selapanan (35-day baby celebration), (4) telonan (3 months birthday greetings), (5) pitonan (7 months of baby's birth), (6) setahunan (1 year of baby's birth), and (7) aqiqah (selamatan bayi for Javanese Muslims). The local wisdom of Javanese in selamatan bayi can be seen from five things, namely (1) the definition, (2) types, (3) ubarampe ‘equipment’, such as sega ingkung, sega gudangan, bubur abang putih, and so on; (4) the method of implementation, and (5) the development of the times. In every selamatan bayi contains the local wisdom of the Javanese to always maintain a balance between human relationships, the natural environment, and God.

SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE AS THE POLITICS OF MULTICULTURALISM AMONG JAVANESE MUSLIM MIGRANTS IN MALUKU

How does spiritual intelligence serve as foundation for multicultural politics? This article explores how spiritual intelligence becomes a multicultural political base among the Javanese Muslims who immigrated to Maluku Province. The spiritual intelligence in this study refers to the understanding of Javanese values, i.e., accepting what’s given by life ( nrimo ing pandum ), empathy ( tepa salira ), and beautifying the world ( memayu hayuning bawana ) as well as how they enrich pluralism in Maluku. Previous studies on the topic mostly focused on the religious factor and neglected cultural aspects, especially among migrants who brought their cultural traits with them to their new place. Based on ethnographic research through observation and in-depth interviews with 60 Javanese migrants in Waihatu, Maluku, the research shows that multicultural politics among Javanese Muslim migrants cannot be separated from spiritual intelligence on Javanese values so that interreligious social solidarity is sustainable. Spiritual intelligence in this article highlights that Javanese migrants’ adoption of Islamic values in Maluku is connected to their philosophical foundation of Javanese values.

Cockfighting in Javanese Muslim Society during the Nineteenth and the Early Twentieth Century

This study aims to analyze the thoughts of Javanese Muslims on cockfighting in the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. It has been a custom and culture since humans domesticated chickens. At first, it had a sacred connotation. It eventually devolved into a profane gamble. Although Islam banned animals fighting and gambling, the tradition continued during the Islamic era. This study examines (1) the reasons why Javanese Muslim culture enjoys cockfighting, (2) the forms of Javanese Muslim thought about cockfighting in Javanese manuscripts from the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, (3) its influence on colonial and royal rule in Java. Research showed that some thoughts normalized cockfighting and cockfight gambling, but some viewed the game as an evil deed during the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries.

The Influence of Quality of Work Life and Islamic Work Ethics Towards Job Performance among SMEs’ Employee

<p>This study aims to scrutinize the contribution of quality of work life and Islamic work ethics to the job performance of employees who work for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Central Java, Indonesia. A deductive questionnaire survey approach was applied to make sure data gathering reaches out across business sectors particularly, most of the registered SMEs throughout central Java. About 354 valid responses were analyzed utilizing SPSS in order to be able to examine how much quality work life of employees in the light of ethical values practice in Islam impact the performance of employees. The outcomes of the study revealed a tremendous effect on the performance of employees in SMEs while their work lives are taken cared for by the company. Similarly, performance found to be overwhelmingly determined by work ethics reflexively applied in a densely populated peninsula of Javanese Muslims. This is reconfirmed when IWE predisposed a significant positive relationship with quality of work life. The results of this study, as expected, provide theoretical and practical gains to the body of knowledge as well as become an impetus for all the likewise faith base business communities across the region, particularly for SMEs’ owner/manager and certainly for future researchers.</p>

FILSAFAT ETIKA MASYARAKAT ISLAM JAWA: KONSEP BAIK DAN BURUK

This article are based on library research regarding the concept of good and bad in the perspective of Javanese Muslim thought. The aim is to revise the designation of santri, priyayi and abangan and on the other hand to understand the Javanese ethics which are thought to be relativism ethics but on one side for respect attitudes and harmony with its moral values can create prosperity and progress even in post-colonial conditions. These values and results are suitable for the world view and life of Javanese Muslims whose transcendental rational vision is symbolized by Bima reaching kawruh sangkan paraning dumadi and Semar who live always under the guidance of the Divine. The success of this vision may be similar to the time when King Mangkunegara IV achieved the progress, among other things, even though it was in post-colonial conditions but during the time it was called Kala Sumbaga, a prosperous period. Therefore it can be an alternative thought for the advancement of the present and future.

The Moral Philosophy of Capitalism In the View of the Javanese Islamic Trade Ethos

The results of this paper were based on library research which aimed to understand capitalism in terms of Javanese Muslim trade ethos based on the work of experts. On the one hand, there was a mismatch between the economic system of capitalism and the ethos for the objectification of Islam in commerce and the results were suitable for world views and cultural life. Java was in a postcolonial state on the other hand. The method of analyzing its understanding was through historical and normative social as well as normative ethics and metaethics. The analysis resulted in three characteristics of the theoretical construction of Javanese Muslim trade ethos as a way of being kind, namely respect and care for anything, respect and harmony or care for anyone and in accordance with the culture and religious experience of Javanese Muslims at that time. These three characteristics had been proven during the Mangkunegara IV period, capable of creating human progress in various fields of life, especially the Mangkunegaran kingdom, for example, it was called Kala Sumbaga (a prosperous period). Therefore, this theoretical construction was expected to be an alternative to ethical thinking and vision in trade at the regional or national level.

The Arom of Islamization of Java in The Literature of Pesantren: Study of The Rahman Faithur Book by K.H. Sholeh Darat

KH. Shaleh Darat is a cleric figure who has a big share in the spread of Islam on the North Coast of Java, especially in Semarang and its surroundings. His father, KH Umar, was a prominent scholar whom Prince Diponegoro trusted in the Javanese war against the Dutch in the north coast of Java. After receiving religious knowledge from his father, little Pious began to wander, studying from one scholar to another. KH Syahid Waturaja was recorded (studying fiqh books, such as Fath al-Qarib, Fath Al Mu’in, Minhaj al-Qawim, and Syarb al-Khatib). Kiai Shaleh Darat studied religion with major ulama figures such as KH M Sahid who was the grandson of Shaykh Ahmad Mutamakkin, from Kajen Village, Margoyoso, Pati, Central Java who lived in the Mataram Kartosuro era around the 18th century. By translating many books of fiqh and tasawuf in Javanese, KH Sholeh Darat conveyed the message of da’wah at the house of the Regent of Demak who was the uncle of R.A. Kartini. From behind the veil, Kartini was amazed by Al-Fatihah’s interpretation in Javanese so that Kartini understood. R.A. Kartini urged her uncle to meet KH Sholeh Darat. After meeting, to the kiai, Kartini asked that the Al Quran be translated. At the call of the da’wah and Kartini’s request, KH Sholeh Darat translated it using Arabic Pegon. The book is recorded as the world’s first translation of the Quran in Javanese. The first book of interpretation in Javanese Arabic Pegon is named Faidhur Rohman. Faithur Rahman’s tafsir book is a Javanese interpretation, written the world’s first pegon. Together with the manuscript Syarah Al Hikam KH Sholeh Darat Al Faithur Rahman kept by the takmir of the Sholeh Darat Mosque, Dadapsari, Semarang. What is interesting about Faithur Rahman is his translation in the letter Al Fatihah which explains how the belief system and tarekat (the straight path) in Islam. Then what are the characteristics of pious people in the beginning of the letter Al Baqoroh. With this Javanese translation, it finally made it easier for Javanese Muslims to learn Islam. The ease of learning Islam is what gives a wind of harmony in religion.

Melacak jejak politik persebaran islam antara Elit kerajaan Majapahit dan Wali Sanga

Islamic law is applied in all places where Muslims are to apply the teachings of Islam from the Qur’an and sunnah, as well as the qaul-qaul of scholars in ijma and qiyas. Its application in each place is always related to the political law of power and the situation in which the region is located, as well as the existence of deliberations and political law of power between the scholars and rulers. Especially in Javanese society, this is clearly seen, how the aristocratic elite and scholars play a role, so that the political pattern of power law among Javanese Muslims has its dimensions because there is a local dialectic, prakrassa ulama and aristocratic elite. This article would like to see the political law of power carried out by scholars and aristocratic elites in Java in the early days, as a reflection for the development of the cultural Islamic movement in Java, while still referring to Islamic law which, within certain limits must be applied flexible, in addition to the question of elementary laws, such as prayer, fasting, and pilgrimage. Therefore, this article would like to trace: the politics of the spread of Islam in the application of Islamic law in Javanese society, the relationship of elite nobles and scholars who spread Islam in the early days, and the Islamic law culturally applied in Javanese society; and its relevance for the present.

Communication Behavior in Political Life Ethnic Java at Medan

Javanese ethnicity is the most ethnic group in Medan City, so politically the opportunity to occupy political positions such as the Regional Head is very large, but until the 2019 elections the Mayor of Medan was never held by the Javanese ethnic group. This study aims to determine and analyze the motives underlying Communication Behavior in Political Life / Political Choice of ethnic Javanese Muslims in Medan. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Data obtained through interviews and direct observation. The results of the study mentioned that there are 4 motives underlying the behavior of communication in the political life of ethnic Javanese Muslims in Medan, specifically related to political choices, namely religious, economic, competence, and commitment to commitment.

Religion and Internal Migrations in the Processes of Indonesianisation and Islamisation of West Papua

<p>Migracje wewnętrzne stanowią coraz większy problem w społeczeństwach wieloetnicznych. Indonezja jest jednym z najbardziej różnorodnych krajów na świecie i domem dla setek grup etnicznych zjednoczonych w ramach głównej idei – tożsamości narodowej. Jednak koncepcja ta pozostaje niejasna dla wielu Indonezyjczyków, szczególnie tych mieszkających poza centralną, przeludnioną Jawą i Madurą. Aby osiągnąć utopijną jedność, prezydent Suharto (1967–1998) wprowadził program „transmigracji”, który przeniósł ludzi z przeludnionych terytoriów na tak zwane „wyspy zewnętrzne”. Oficjalne plany podkreślały jego gospodarcze i rozwojowe znaczenie, ale transmigracja była również politycznym narzędziem do wprowadzenia procesów indonezjanizacji i islamizacji. Korzystając z teorii wewnętrznego kolonializmu Michaela Hechtera, autorka popiera swój argument sprawozdaniami i dokumentami dotyczącymi przypadku Zachodniej Papui we wschodniej Indonezji. Terytorium z separatystycznym doświadczeniem i silnym pragnieniem wielkiej autonomii stanowi dobry przykład prób celowej indonezjanizacji i islamizacji. Przytłaczająca liczba wewnętrznych migrantów, jawajskich muzułmanów, stopniowo osłabiała jedność chrześcijańskich Papuasów. Brak równowagi między tymi grupami powoduje ciągłe napięcie w zmieniającym się społeczeństwie. Na podstawie tego argumentu przedstawiony jest wpływ migracji wewnętrznej w szerszym kontekście. Autorka zwraca uwagę na dynamikę struktury religijnej i etnicznej przed upadkiem reżimu Nowego Ładu i po nim i twierdzi, że procesy indonezjanizacji i islamizacji mają kluczowe znaczenie dla dalszego istnienia Papuasów i rozwiązań przyjętych przez państwo indonezyjskie.</p>

Misinterpretation of Patience: An Analytical Study of Nerimo Concept within the Indonesian Muslim Society

This research aims to deeply explore the nerimo concept in Javanese Muslim society. Nerimo as the philosophy of Javanese culture is often associated with the concept of patience in Islamic doctrine. This research shows that there are a misconception understanding and practice among the Javanese Muslims regarding the concept of nerimo and patience. They tend to express nerimo and patience as a practice of passivity, static, and blind submission to all problems of life. This causes the values contained those concepts to be reduced and lose the spirit of liberation for the life of mankind. By employing a liberation hermeneutic approach and sociological analysis, this research concludes that the nerimo concept in Javanese Muslim could be reconstructed into a Javanese idea that implies human endurance in every period of life. The concepts of nerimo and patience alternately are a form of psychological, spiritual, and intellectual awareness that every life has a periodic motion where every person will surely experience life fluctuations. Then the principle of patience and nerimo become a catalyst for the position of life to turn it back into motion. Patience and nerimo, therefore, are not placed as results but are situated as the power of a continuity life process which can drive people surpassing one stage of their lives.