Javanese Architecture Research Articles

Discussing Javanese House Using Vitruvius Theory

Javanese House is well-known as one of the significant vernacular architecture Indonesia which is built by indigenous people. The local builder holds on the philosophical and cosmological concept for the spatial plan arrangement of the Javanese house. Each space has its proper function and meaning which is reflected from the society and culture of Java. Javanese architecture has been used on the human scale as its proportion design that gives both aesthetic and symbolic dimension. In addition to the aesthetic and functional value of Javanese house, the indigenous builder builds their house by using their traditional construction method, which is known as teknologi tepat guna. This construction method is not only appropriate to their local availability of material and environment but also have high strength and durability. The vernacular architecture of Java is the product of indigenous people from many times of trials and errors. The aim of this study is to discuss how do indigenous people of Java interpret the Vitruvius theory into their Javanese house. This final design might show that the local builder has followed the application of Vitruvius theory: Firmitas (strength), Utilitas (functionality), and Venustas (beauty).

Aspek-Aspek Arsitektur Kolonial Belanda Pada Bangunan Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran Surakarta

<p class="Abstract"><em>Dutch colonial architecture that developed in Indonesia, throughout the colonial period (around the 17<sup>th</sup> century to 1942) was a combination of colonial and local culture to respond to the Indonesian climate. Dutch colonial architecture in Indonesia is a work of Dutch colonial heritage in Indonesia during the colonial period. The result was the Dutch East Indies style with a "colonial" image and adapted to the local environment that responded to climate. Colonial architecture grafted architecture from European countries into colonies. The aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegran" building were studied to find out the elements of Dutch colonial architecture. "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegarn" is a vernacular architecture / Javanese architecture with a pillar structure system, allegedly there is an architectural element from the outside due to acculturation. The results of this study will be encouraged to know aspects of Dutch colonial architecture in the "Pendopo Puri Mangkunegaran" building from aspects of floor plans, structures, materials and other architectural elements. The results of this study are also expected to contribute knowledge in the field of architecture related to acculturation of foreign cultures that have an impact on local architecture.</em></p>

Continuity of tradition: Vernacularity of the modern Javanese house transformation in Laweyan, Surakarta

Javanese architecture has transformed from vernacular tradition to modern. The outward appearance of modern Javanese houses in Laweyan seems heavily influenced by European styles because they are more permanent and are considered less suitable for a tropical climate. However, these houses are the work of the Laweyan people which are based on the Javanese house principle of ‘shelter’ architecture and are in harmony with the climate. This study attempts to understand the philosophical basis of the Javanese people in building houses. The method used in this study is a qualitative case study that seeks to uncover the vernacular concepts shaping some modern Javanese houses in Laweyan. This research has identified several vernacular strategies in the development of modern Javanese homes i.e., 1) responding to the tropical climate by using traditional Javanese architecture; 2) applying up-to-date construction technology and materials; 3) recycling used materials and elements from the past to remember and honor ancestral heritage. This paper concludes that the vernacularity of the Laweyan house does not always conflict with tradition. It has even enriched traditional knowledge, namely the principle of memetri and has helped the Javanese people in realizing their ideal homes that still adhere to traditions.

Javanese Architecture between Heritage and Mobility

ABSTRACTHouses, like other things, undergo many changes during their “lifetime”. While most of us are familiar with material and structural adaptations of buildings as well as changes in their use and market values, we are less acquainted with the fact that houses can also change their locations. In this paper, I will present the case of the joglo, the most prestigious type of Javanese vernacular architecture. Despite their status as local cultural heritage, many joglo are for sale and have been moved away from their region of origin, and some have found new “homes” in the tourism and arts and craft industries in Bali. I will explore questions arising from this phenomenon in the context of contemporary globalisation and the commodification of culture, considering in particular what place cultural heritage may still have in this dynamic and mobile environment.

The Evaluation of Building’s Structural Reliability of Masjid Tuha Indrapuri, Aceh Besar

Masjid Tuha Indrapuri is one the ancient mosques in Aceh located in the district of Aceh Besar. The precise location of the mosque is in Indrapuri, Aceh Besar. Masjid Tuha Indrapuri exists right in the complex of the former temple. This mosque was built on an area of 33,875 square meters using the wooden material. The construction is supported by 4 (four) main pillars (that in terms of Javanese architecture known as “Soko Guru”) with the shape of an octagonal cross section. Given the age of the mosque that is quite old, the structural reliability of the mosque structure has certainly been worn off, especially in the column and beam structure. The condition of several columns and beams is currently tilted. In this study, an assessment of the robustness of the buildings was performed using forensic engineering method. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of this old mosque so that the data related to every of its structural component can be obtained. Through this evaluation, it was expected that the strategy or treatment that needs to be planned to the building could be determined, therefore at the end, it can continuously stand as its ideal condition.

ADAPTIVE SPACE OF JAVANESE TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN BRAYUT TOURISM VILLAGE YOGYAKARTA

Traditional Javanese architecture, especially in rural areas, has undergone a major transformation. Transformation is owner’s response to various conditions, such as the increasing number of family members, the improvement of social status and economic conditions, the needs of modernization and the consequences of being involved in government’s programs. This paper aim is to examine how the owners of traditional houses respond to nowadays changes reflected through their houses designs. Brayut tourism village is a traditional settlement located at Yogyakarta’s downtown area which is well known for its unique and well-preserved traditional Javanese houses. The transformation of traditional houses in Brayut is a combination of the need for change and persistence. On the one side, strong local traditions play a role in maintaining the elements of traditional houses and on the other side, dynamic modern needs play a role as a trigger for change. Adaptive space in the traditional house is a solution to this problem. The method used in this research is a case study on some Javanese traditional houses. An in-depth interview with the owners and mapping are also used to examine the chronology of traditional houses transformation. Transformation aspects are defined on the affected physical architecture elements. The result of this study is the transformation occurs on function and meaning of space as an adaptive response from the owners. While the shape of space and buildings, generally preserved as an effort to maintain the bond of traditions and trust.

REVEALING TRANCENDENTAL MEANING OF OMAH DUDUR ARCHITECTURE IN URUT SEWU, GRABAG, PURWOREJO, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

<p><em>Omah dudur was discovered as a typical house in Urut Sewu, Purworejo-Kebumen, Central Java,Indonesia. By this research, it was found that Omah Dudur is considered as a manifestation of universe of human, god and nature as well as a pusaka (heirlooms). It is believed that interrelation among the three universes will influence to the successes and failures of occupant’s life. As a pusaka, which is perceived to have the power and strength of wahyu (metaphysical spirit), the omah dudur spiritually should be served by a regular sacred ritual and offerings. Methodologically, this research implies Husserl’s paradigm phenomenology (1965) with the naturalistic framework of Egon G Lincoln and Guba (1985). The result of study is hopefully contributed to the development of local knowledge of Javanese architecture typology.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>Keywords: omah dudur, wahyu, pusaka </em></p>

The Applications of Traditional Javanese Architecture with Javanese Philosophy for East Java Cultural Attractions Complex in Surabaya

Wong Jawa Ilang Jawane ” (“ Javanese people were losing their Javaneseness ”) is an expression which refers to Javanese youngsters that adapting western culture. Therefore, this study an attempts to offer “Javaneseness” concept for Javanese tribe to reflect. The researchers are using descriptive method. The researchers are using tourist attractions standards and the cultural attractions. The applications of “ Traditional javanese Architecture ” theme will be the vessel of four cultural tlatah (areas) from East Java, and referring to “ Manunggaling Kawula Gusti ” as the theoretical framework from Javanese philosophy for cultural attractions complex in Surabaya.

Javanese vernacular architecture and environmental synchronization based on the regional diversity of Joglo and Limasan

Joglo and Limasan are traditional Javanese architecture structures and the most preferred vernacular dwellings in Java. These houses spread to other areas through Central Java and the Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. Given the local characteristics, the architecture of these structures is not merely identical in some aspects but is also based on the people and the natural environment. This study examines how environmental synchronization related to vernacular sustainability can be achieved based on the regional diversity between Joglo and Limasan in Central Java for contemporary custom. The architectural features of form, size, orientation, materials, and openings from samples of 10 areas in rural Central Java are compared to discover their distinctive sustainability methods. This study aims to prove the capability of the Javanese to synchronize their house in various ways. The reasons behind such synchronization are explored from both natural and social aspects to gain an enhanced understanding of the disparity in vernacular architecture in relation with the environment. Results indicate that within the same category, houses in each area show their indigenous architecture as result of synchronization with the local nature and the social circumstances of the people.

WWR OPTIMIZATION FOR VENTILATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE CONTROL OF TROPICAL DWELLING

<p class="Abstract"><em>In an urban environment, heat and noise are the most important factors affecting the environment in buildings. This study optimizes the WWR (Window to Wall Ratio) as a compromise of the ventilation design and noise control for the Javanese architecture which is the case study of Eco-tropical built environment. The need for openings area has a contradictory behavior between providing the maximum aperture requirements for the wind flow and the minimum aperture area to reduce environmental noise. The location of this study is in the lowland (Surabaya, 0-50 m above mean sea level) and in the highland (Malang, 440-667 m above mean sea level) as the representatives of the tropical environment. Both cities were chosen because of their cultural and architectural similarities. The results of this study indicate that the WWR range of integration of ventilation design needs and noise control are for lowland / daytime is 0.13-100% (survey standard), 0.13-5.24% (WHO standard); for lowland / night is 0-100% (survey standard) and 0-3.24% (WHO standard). Meanwhile, for highland / daytime, the requirement is 0.24-100% (survey standard) and 0.24-70.48% (WHO standard); and for highland / night is 0-100% (for both WHO standard and survey criteria).</em><em></em></p>

ARCHITECTURAL ACCULTURATION IN THE RESIDENCE OF BUDHI SANTOSO

Abstract - In the Colonial Era, Dutch architects came to Indonesia and designed buildings based on their European expertise. They adapted to the factor of the tropical climate and indigenous cultural elements as a source of developing the process of architectural acculturation. The residence of Budhi Santoso in Yogyakarta is one of the products resulting from the acculturation between Dutch colonial architecture and the local wisdom and skills of Javanese culture. Architectural acculturation is an important topic that requires further study to contribute to the wealth of cultural knowledge, academic vocabulary as well as the variety of Indonesian architectural styles.The research method consists of qualitative research while the data processing has been obtained from studying the relevant background literature, direct observation, taking measurements, recording data in the shape of photographs and conducting interviews with the owner, Mr Budhi Santoso himself. The data were subjected to analysis using the comparative method by way of a comparison between Dutch and Javanese architecture. This analysis employs a theory derived from the study of background literature, namely Francis D.K. Ching’s theory concerning form, space and order to draw conclusions from the research study of cultural acculturation as observed in this residence.The conclusion indicates that Budhi Santoso’s residence is the product of a form of cultural acculturation between Dutch and Javanese architecture viewed from various angles, including the aspects of site/location, mass form, spatial order (lay-out), the elements of structural and non-structural scope and ornaments. These aspects have been affected by certain dominant features from one of the architectural styles, or else they have received the impact from a mixture between the two styles mentioned, leading to a new type of hybrid architecture. Keywords: Acculturation, Dutch Architecture, Javanese Architecture

ADAPTATION AND CONSERVATION OF THE FINE ARTS MUSEUM IN THE KASATRIYAN COMPLEX AT THE KERATON OF YOGYAKARTA

Abstract- At present, the Fine Arts Museum at the Keraton of Yogyakarta is still intact, though it has seen slight change and is less than comfortably equipped for certain activities. This research study aims to reveal the cultural significance of the objects and the architectural elements that have shaped them, followed by a description of preservation measures. The research method is qualitative-interpretative, along with the Architectural Approach (function-form-meaning), Architectural Typology, and the Conservational Approach. The cultural significance of the formal aspects falls under architectural values and skills, whereas the functional aspect takes on the form of purpose-based values and history-related values.The building with its massive shape has been adapted to its environment or immediate surroundings, in addition to having been ornamented. The spatial arrangement shows a symmetrical pattern. The thick walls protect it against the local tropical climate. The function of the building has changed drastically, namely from being a school to a residence for the Crown Prince, to its final transformation into a museum. The ornaments on the ceiling, railings, walls, gable and columns reveal a decidedly mixed style consisting of Art Nouveau, the typical Indies style, and local Javanese architecture. The skill-related values reveal the technology behind the shaping elements of the structural and architectural construction. The current purpose-based values refer to its present use as a Fine Arts Museum.The period spanning 1921-1934 forms the reference point for conservation. The condition of the building is still intact and solid, but there is some ambiguity in terms of temporal context (era) discernible, and there is minor damage, as well as less than satisfactory suitability for its current purpose. Conservation measures include adaptation of the building in accordance with its current function and preservation in the shape of routine maintenance.Keywords: Fine Arts Museum, cultural meaning, adaptation, conservation

SOLO CRAFT GALLERY EXPO DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR JAWA KONTEMPORER

<p><strong><em>Abstract: </em></strong><em>Solo Craft Gallery Expo is an effort to accommodate the presence of creative industries joined in the craft subsector SMEs, and facilitating MICE activities in the city of Solo. The space is in the form of art galleries as well as a market for good packaging and expo space with diverse capacities. Combining the two functions of this building is a strategy for mutually supporting each other’s existences. Gallery space presented as cultural charms, while the expo space plays a role in bringing visitors. The government policies in synergy with the city’s potential efforts to support and facilitate the development of the city for more advances physical quality and human resources. This system if it is associated with the city of Solo as location, intersects with the image which is the city of culture. This last issue is associated with contemporary architecture, which is an effort to locate and revive the values of cultural and society, as a reflection of the city’s identity. In this case, the Javanese architecture which is the local architecture and result of the Javanese cultural community life, deserve to be appreciated to exist as a force of local architecture. The process of aligning the image of the building with the city image of the building of Solo Craft Gallery Expo, carried out through the application of contemporary Javanese Architecture.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: MSME craft’s sub-sector, craft galleries, MICE facilities, contemporary Javanese architecture.</em> <em></em></p>

REVEALING TRANCENDENTAL MEANING BEHIND THE OMAH DUDUR ARCHITECTURAL IN URUT SEWU, GRABAG, PURWOREJO, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Omah dudur was discovered as a typical house in Urut Sewu, Purworejo-Kebumen, Central Java, Indonesia. By this research, it was found that Omah Dudur is considered as a manifestation of universe of human, god and nature as well as a pusaka (heirlooms). It is believed that interrelation among the three universes will influence to the successes and failures of occupants life. As a pusaka (heirlooms) which has the power and strength of wahyu, the omah dudur spiritually should be offered by certain ritual in the regular sacred time. Methodologically, this research implies Husserl’s paradigm phenomenology (1965) with the naturalistic framework of Egon G Lincoln and Guba (1985). Result of the study should be contributed to the knowledge of local concepts of typology of traditional and vernacular Javanese architecture. Keywords: omah dudur, wahyu, contextual transcendent, pusaka.

Pengaruh Arsitektur Tradisional Jawa dalam Hunian Kolonial di Kampung Bubutan Surabaya

Kampung Bubutan is one of the original community of settlements in the city of Surabaya. As the coastal city, Surabaya closely with the image as a trading city. These factors led many immigrants come from many different cultures, local and international including Netherlands. This article will discuss about what makes the formation of the settlement pattern at Kampung Bubutan, and how the acculturation between Javanese and Colonial on the settlement using descriptive–qualitative method. The results is Kali Mas river and Mancapat mythe effected the formation of Kampung Bubutan settlements. Colonial architectural found in the basic shape of the building and building technology . While the Javanese architecture found in the building ornaments, organizations of space, and the meaning of the Javanese who appreciate nature and social community. Values, advices, and good wises from Javanese giving much meaning in the house. Keywords: Javanese architecture, colonial architecture, etnic aculturation

THE CONCEPT OF MODERN DUTCH COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAVANESE ARCHITECTURE

Modern architecture colonial present in the early 20th century, when several Dutch graduate architects had begun profession in the Dutch East Indies. The architects of had understood that the development of modern architecture in the East Indies must include the local environment and climate aspects of traditional architecture that has existed in the Dutch East Indies. In this case, two famous architects, the Thomas Karsten and Henri Maclaine Pont, became a pioneers in this movement. The concept of the modern architecture development base on the Java architecture has been carried out by Thomas Karsten with several his works such as office buildings, hospitals, markets, and schools. The potential of traditional Javanese architecture in terms of shape, material and solving the problems of the tropical climate conditions, aims to achieve comfort in the building the use of potencies has been used as a concept for the development of modern Dutch colonial architecture.

DESIGNING WITH VERANDA IN JAVANESE ARCHITECTURE

The traditional architecture in Indonesia has been implementing local wisdom or genius loci to sustain both their tradition and built environment. In contrast, the modernity and global paradigm reduce the local paradigm. In fact, most tradition-al/vernacular built environment has many potential aspects, such as design of roof, building material etc. Omah Laweyanan has implemented some elements of building which refer to ecological architecture. Those are design of roof, doors and windows, and yard of house [open space] and veranda. The doors and windows have shape and size which cross ventilation be done. This paper consist of discussion that ve-randa are an approach and design strategy in Javanese Architecture, which they can sustain the environment. This paper will focus on omah Laweyanan in Surakar-ta. According to field study, it shows that veranda in omah Laweyanan is an alter-native that attempts to minimize the impact of global warming and climate change, which can be developed through the implementation in architecture design.

SINCRETIC & SEMIOTIC THE ANCIENT INDONESIAN MOSQUE & TOMBHOUSE (Case study : SENDANG DUWUR-EAST JAVA)

Mosque is a place for worship, spirit, contemplation, but above all, Mosque is “a gate way“. Sendang Duwur Mosque and Tombhouse is an Islamic antiquity as the product of syncretism process between traditional Javanese architecture – Hindunese/Budhanese – foreign Islamic which born early Mosque in Java. The semiotic and syncretic of Indonesian Mosque and Tombhouse also integrated some principles of the Javanese cosmology blend with the concept of Islamic Architecture, which resulted a symthesis of both traditional and new idea. It manifested in the type of ancient Mosque and tombhouse Sendang Duwur,which is original types ,specific with identity.

Sacred Places in Java: The Concept of Site Selection in Javanese Architecture

This paper has three purposes: first, to provide insight into the Javanese's beliefs in supernatural life and supernatural power of sacred places, explaining the myth of mountain in the Javanese mystical life; second, to provide insight into the concept of Javanese architecture related to selection ofa site; third, it discusses how the concept of site selection of Javanese architecture to the sacred places is associated with the belief in supernatural life, which are influenced by Hindu, and Buddhist religions.