Jatropha Multifida Research Articles

Novel biflavone diglycosides and biological activity of Jatropha multifida leaves

Chromatographic separation of the 80% aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Jatropha multifida Linn. leaves has yielded three novel biapigenin di-C-glucosides, i.e., 6,6″-di-C-β-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(8,8″)biapigenin (7), 3,6″-di-C-β-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(6,8″)-biapigenin (8), and 6,6″-di-C-β-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(3,8″)-biapigenin (9), named jatrophenols I–III. In addition, seven known polyphenolic metabolites were identified as apigenin 7-O-β-neohespredoside (1), ferulic acid (2), quercetrin (3), vicinin-II (4), isoorientin (5), vitexin (6), and luteolin (10) for the first time from this species. The AME of the plant was reported for the first time to have significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antihypertensive effects.

In vitro evaluation of hemostatic properties of the sap of Jatropha multifida L. (Euphorbiaceae)

Jatropha multifida L. is a plant widely used in traditional medicine in Benin including some voodoo ritual practices, to stop bleeding. In this study, we investigated in vitro haemostatic properties of the sap of J. multifida L. Morphological observations and determination of some biochemical and hematological parameters were performed on whole blood, plasma and serum before and after addition of sap. Results obtained showed sap contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocyanes, mucilage and reducing compounds. When added to plasma or serum, proteins precipitated sap and led to (<1 s) their constitution network very quickly. On whole blood, the addition of sap led to an instantiated coagulation. Microscopic observations have revealed that cells have reached (<1 s) the protein network formed which led to the formation of a cell aggregate. Apart from fibrinogen, which was significantly reduced, other coagulation factors are not modified by sap. The sap has a proven hemostatic property and its mechanism of action is different from the cascade reaction of coagulation. Key words: Coagulation, protein network, tannins, cell aggregate.

C-glycosyl flavones and a comparative study of the antioxidant, hemolytic and toxic potential of Jatropha multifida leaves and bark

The ethyl acetate extract from Jatropha multifida (Euphorbiaceae) leaves yielded two C-glycosyl flavones. Their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, and compared with the related known compounds. The structures of the two flavonoids were determined as Vitexin ( 1 ) and Isovitexin ( 2 ). The ethanol extracts of leaves and bark and their fractions did not interfere in the integrity of erythrocytes, not even 1 and 2 . In the Brine shrimp lethality method, bark extracts showed greater toxic potential than the leaf extracts. Both flavonoids are not toxic. The Phosphomolybdenum and DPPH assays were used in order to investigate the antioxidant activity of both compounds and fractions of leaf and bark extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction of bark showed excellent activity, with IC 50 17.23 μg/mL -1 , equivalent to the standard values, Vitamin C and Rutin. Compounds 1 - 2 demonstrated good activity with IC 50 values of 54.37 and 87.27μg/mL -1 . In the Phosphomolybdenum test, the ethyl acetate fraction of bark showed 86.18% of antioxidant activity compared with Rutin, and the chloroform fraction of leaves, 103.29%. In all tests the bark extracts were more bioactive than the leaf extracts.

Evaluation of the phytochemical and hemostatic potential of Jatropha multifida sap

Jatropha multifida is a plant traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties. This study was undertaken not only to assess the hemostatic potential of the sap of J. multifida, but also to elucidate its chemical profile. Wistar rats were injured at various locations and time of bleeding was evaluated based on the addition of J. multifida’s sap or distilled water. Phytochemical study was performed on sap. J. multifida’s sap significantly reduced bleeding time. Indeed, more blood flow was noticed on the side that received physiological water than the one which received the sap. This is even truer when the cut is deep with times of bleeding reduction of 39.06, 47.89, and 46.68%, respectively for superficial wounds, saphenous vein, and the femoral vein clippings. The phytochemical screening of J. multifida showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, leucoanthocyanes, mucilage and reducing compounds. The power of the hemostatic sap is explained by the strong presence of tannins and flavonoids. All this proves that using the sap of J. multifida in traditional medicine is justified. Key words: Hemostatic, Wistar rats, tannins, flavonoids, bleeding, Jatropha multifida.

Hemostatic activity screening and skin toxicity of sap of Jatropha multifida L. (Euphorbiaceae) used in traditional medicine (Benin)

ObjectiveTo evaluate the hemostatic potential of Jatropha multifida (J. multifida)'s sap as traditional medicine in Benin attributed hemostatic properties to this substance. MethodsSeveral hemostatic tests such as blood coagulation time, Quick time, activated cephalin Time, test of milk precipitation and dosage of total proteins of blood samples were performed at 37 °C. Skin toxicity tests were also realized on 14 Wistar rats. ResultsProthrombin time revealed that prior to thromboplastin's addition, there was precipitation of the plasma in all tubes except for the control tube (T0). After addition of thromboplastin, plasma in control tube coagulated in 78 seconds while plasma in tests tubes were not coagulated (>15 min) (P<0.05). The same observations were made for the activated cephalin time for which prior to addition of cephalin activator, there was precipitation of plasma in all tubes except for the control tube (T0). After addition of cephalin activator, plasma in control tube was coagulated within 43.33 seconds while plasma in tests tubes were not coagulated (>15 min) (P<0.05). Blood coagulation time decreased regardless of the administered dose of sap. Time of milk's precipitation showed the sap rushes milk proteins. This was confirmed by the determination of total proteins in serum, proteins which decreased by over 40% with 1/4 dilution for example (P<0.05). Sap hasn't also any irritant effect on the skin of animals (the irritation score obtained was 0.00). ConclusionsIt has been proved that using sap of J. multifida has some effects on hemostasis, so its usage in traditional medicine is justified. Moreover, it has no skin toxicity so its usage as local hemostatic is recommended.

New bioactive macrocyclic diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida

Two new macrocyclic diterpenoids, multifidanol (1) and multifidenol (2) along with several known compounds have been isolated from the stem of Jatropha multifida. The structures of the new compounds were established from the extensive studies of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of these two constituents were examined.

Impact of heavy metals on the rhizosphere microflora of Jatropha multifida and their effective remediation

The impact of heavy metals (arsenic, chromium, copper and magnesium) in the rhizosphere microflora of Jatropha multifida used for phytoremediation was studied. The pot culture experiment of J. multifida dealt with the biochemical characteristics of heavy metals contaminated soil amended with waste water biosludge and biofertilizer (Azotobacter vinelandii). Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria such as Pseudomonas, Azotobacter and Rhizobium were isolated, characterized and screened for their heavy metal tolerance. Pseudomonas was found to be the most tolerant followed by Azotobacter and Rhizobium. Amongst heavy metals, As was most toxic followed by Cr, Mg and Cu. Amongst different soil treatments, T4 (garden soil with heavy metal, biosludge, and biofertilizer) served the best treatment for plants and microbial endurance under metal contamination. The results advocate that the toxicity of heavy metals in soil can be restored with concomitant amendment of organic sludge and appropriate biofertilizer.

A new macrocyclic diterpenoid from Jatropha multifida

A new diterpenoid, 15-epi-(4E)-jatrogrossidentadione acetate, along with several known constituents has been isolated from the stem of Jatropha multifida. The structure of the new compound was settled by a detailed analysis of its 1D- and 2D-NMR spectra.

ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Phytochemicals. Part 69. New Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida

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Antimicrobial activity of Jatropha multifida L. against bacteria and fungi s.t.d. organisms

Antimicrobial activity of Jatropha multifida L. against bacteria and fungi s.t.d. organisms

Multidione, a novel diterpenoid from Jatropha multifida

A novel diterpenoid, multidione, has been isolated from the stems of Jatropha multifida and its structure has been settled from 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The compound possesses a phenolic moiety and a long side chain, structurally similar to the B ring of other lathyrane-diterpenoids in seco-form.The compound has possibly been derived biogenetically from a related lathyrane-diterpenoid.

New Macrocyclic Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida

Chemical investigation on the stems of Jatropha multifida resulted in the isolation of two new macrocyclic diterpenoids whose structures were established by extensive studies of their 1D and 2D-NMR spectra. The occurrence of ten other known compounds in this species is reported here for the first time.

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A personal selection of 33 recent papers is presented covering various aspects of current developments in bioorganic chemistry and novel natural products such as the rearranged jatrophane diterpenoid multidione from stems of Jatropha multifida.

First Report of the Occurrence of African cassava mosaic virus in a Mosaic Disease of Soybean in Nigeria.

African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV; genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of six viruses documented in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) plants showing cassava mosaic disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In addition to cassava, the natural host range of ACMV includes a few wild Manihot species, Jatropha multifida, and Ricinus communis L. in Euphorbiaceae, and Hewittia sublobata in Convolvulaceae. The experimental host range of ACMV includes Nicotiana sp. and Datura sp. in the Solanaceae (2). Recently, natural occurrence of ACMV was reported in Combretum confertum (Benth.), Leucana leucocephala (Lam.) De Witt, and Senna occidentalis (L.) Link belonging to Leguminasae from Nigeria (1,3). During reconnaissance studies conducted on soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) in September and October of 2007 in the Ibadan (N = 19) and Benue (N = 23) regions and in February of 2008 in Ibadan (N = 16), we observed soybean showing yellow mosaic and mottling symptoms. Samples from these plants (N = 58) were tested by indirect ELISA and symptomatic leaves tested negative to Cucumber mosaic virus, Cowpea mottle virus, Southern bean mosaic virus, Tobacco ringspot virus, Soybean dwarf virus, Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus, Peanut mottle virus, and Broad bean mosaic virus, which have been documented in soybean in SSA. However, 8.6% of these samples (5 of 58) (one each from Ibadan and Benue in the 2007 survey and three from Ibadan in the 2008 survey) tested positive in triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA with a monoclonal antibody (SCR33) to ACMV. ELISA results were further confirmed by PCR with ACMV specific primers AL1/F and AR0/R that amplified a 987-bp DNA fragment corresponding to the intergenic region, AC-4 and AC-1 genes of DNA-A segment (4). The PCR product was cloned into pCR2.1 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and three independent clones were sequenced in both orientations. Pairwise comparison of the derived consensus sequence (GenBank Accession No. EU367500) with corresponding ACMV sequence of ACMV isolate from Nigeria (GenBank Accession No. X17095) showed 98% identity at the nucleotide level. To further confirm the virus identity, complete nucleotide sequence of the DNA-A segment was determined by PCR amplification of viral DNA with four primers, cloning of overlapping products into pCR2.1 vector and sequencing. The derived sequence (2,781 nucleotides; GenBank Accession No. EU685385) was compared with the DNA sequences available at NCBI database using BLAST. This revealed 97% nucleotide sequence identity with ACMV-[NG:Ogo:90] (Accession No. AJ427910) and ACMV-[NG] (Accession No. X17095) from Nigeria. These results confirm the presence of ACMV in symptomatic soybean leaves. To our knowledge, this is the first report of soybean as a natural host of ACMV in SSA. On the basis of previous reports (1) and the results currently presented it seems that ACMV has a wide host range.

Multifidone: A novel cytotoxic lathyrane-type diterpene having an unusual six-membered A ring from Jatropha multifida

Chemical examination of the stems of Jatropha multifida afforded a novel lathyrane-type diterpene, multifidone, having an unusual six-membered A ring. The structure of the compound was determined from detailed analysis of its 1D and 2D NMR spectra and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Its cytotoxicity was measured on four different cancerous cell lines.

Diterpenoids from Jatropha multifida

Chemical investigation on the stems of Jatropha multifida yielded two diterpenoids, multifolone and (4 E)-jatrogrossidentadione acetate along with five known diterpenoids, a flavone and a coumarino-lignan. The structures of the compounds were settled by detailed analysis of their 1D and 2D NMR spectra. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of (4 E)-jatrogrossidentadione acetate was also accomplished.

Antimicrobial activity of Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha multifida L. against bacteria and fungi s.t.d. organisms

Antimicrobial activity of Jatropha curcas L. and Jatropha multifida L. against bacteria and fungi s.t.d. organisms

Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Genotoxic and CYP450 Enzymatic Competition Effects of Tanzanian Plant Extracts Traditionally Used for Treatment of Fungal Infections

HIV-infected patients in sub-Saharan countries highly depend on traditional medicines for the treatment of opportunistic oral infections as candidiasis. Previous investigations on antifungal activity of medicinal plant extracts utilized by traditional healers in Tanzania have revealed 12 extracts with potent antifungal activity. Although the plants may be good candidates for new treatment opportunities, they can be toxic or genotoxic and could cause pharmacokinetic interactions when used concomitantly with antiretroviral agents. Therefore, we investigated the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and cytochrome P450 interaction potential of these medicinal plants. Cytotoxicity was tested by Hoechst 33342, Alamar Blue, calcein-AM, glutathione depletion and O(2)-consumption assays and genotoxicity by a Vitotox assay. Competition of the 12 extracts on substrate metabolism by CYP3A4, 2C9, 2C19 and 2D6 was tested with high-throughput CYP inhibition screening. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) activation was tested using Chinese hamster ovary cell lines expressing human PXR. Herbal extracts inducing high human PXR activation were tested for enhanced CYP3A4 mRNA levels with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Genotoxicity was found for Jatropha multifida, Sterculia africana and Spirostachys africana. All plant extracts showed high cytotoxic effects in almost all tests. Potent competition with CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9 and 2C19 was found for 75% of the herbal extracts. Spirostachys africana did not affect CYP2D6 and for S. africana and Turraea holstii no effect on CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 (DBF) was found. Nine plant extracts showed significant activation of human PXR, but only Agaura salicifolia, Turraea holstii and S. africana significantly induced CYP3A4 mRNA levels. These results indicate the possibility of potential medicinal plant-antiretroviral interactions.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Jatropha multifida Extracts and Chromatographic Fractions Against Sexually Transmitted Infections

The Antimicrobial Activity of Jatropha multifida Extracts and Chromatographic Fractions Against Sexually Transmitted Infections

Biological examination and novel biflavone di-C-glycosides from Jatropha multifida L. leaves

Many Jatropha species have been used as local or popular remedies [1]. Some extracts and compounds of different J. species were found to have anti-inflammatory, bronchodilator of tracheal muscles, antiarraythmic [2], and antihypertensive activities [3]. Also, several research programs are directed towards certain J. species to identify their antitumor active diterpenes and lignans [4–7]. This study aimed at the identification of polyphenols of J. multifida leaves and examination of some biological activities. Three novel biflavone di-C-glycosides have been identified as 6,6“-di-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(8,8“)-biapigenin (jatrophenol I, 7), 3,6“-di-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(6,8“)-biapigenin (jatrophenol II, 8), and 6,6“-di-C-β-D-4C1-glucopyranosyl-methylene-(3,8“)-biapigenin (jatrophenol III, 9) on the basis of UV, HRESI-MS and NMR analyses. The total aq. 80% MeOH extract of J. multifida leaves was defatted under reflux with pet. ether (60–80°C) and then fractionated on polyamide column using H2O-MeOH mixtures starting with H2O up to pure MeOH. The mean frs. were then subjected to repeated column chromatography on cellulose, sephadex LH-20 and or polyamide with different convenient solvent systems e.g. aq. MeOH or MeOH, n-BuOH saturated with H2O, BIW (n-BuOH-IsoprOH-H2O, 4:1:5, organic layer) or MeOH/Me2CO-H2O (1:1). Together with the novel biflavones seven phenolic compounds have been identified as apigenin 7-O-β-D-neohespredoside (1), ferulic acid (2), quercetin (3), vicenin-II (4), isoorientin (5) vitexin (6), and luteolin (10) on the basis of comparison with the published data [8]. The investigated extract and that of J. integrima were found to be non-toxic up to the maximum soluble dose (LD50 4g/Kg b wt). In a dose dependant manner (at 20, 40mg/100g b. wt) from the two extracts, significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in comparison to indomethacine were recorded and showed significant hypotensive effect at the same doses, as well.