Japanese Prisoners Research Articles

Kwantung army generals in Soviet prisons (1945–1956)1

Building on previous articles about Japanese prisoners in post‐World War II Soviet captivity, Kuznetsov reveals the fate of the Japanese generals captured by the Soviets in August 1945. Drawing on extensive archival materials, as well as research in Japan, this article fills yet another historical ‘black hole’. In so doing, Kuznetsov demonstrates the degree to which hitherto unanswerable questions can and are being answered.

The ideological indoctrination of Japanese prisoners of war in the Stalinist camps of the Soviet Union (1945–1956)

(1997). The ideological indoctrination of Japanese prisoners of war in the Stalinist camps of the Soviet Union (1945–1956) The Journal of Slavic Military Studies: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 86-103.

No Time for Fear: Voices of American Military Nurses in World War II (review)

Reviewed by: No Time for Fear: Voices of American Military Nurses in World War II Ada Romaine Davis Diane Burke Fessler. No Time for Fear: Voices of American Military Nurses in World War II. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996. xv + 280 pp. Ill. $34.95. In this fascinating book, nurses who served in the Navy, Army, and Army Air Force during World War II describe their experiences through oral histories elicited by the author (who interviewed 130 military nurses). About 60,000 Army nurses and 14,000 Navy nurses served in all areas; more than 400 were stationed at Pearl Harbor at the time of the Japanese attack, and thousands more served in Europe, North Africa, Italy, Asia, and the Pacific. Early in 1942, 88 nurses on Bataan and Corregidor were interned in Japanese prison camps in the Philippines for almost three years; 74 survived. Nurses served in all types of transport on land, at sea, and in the air. In January 1943, Medical Air Evacuation Squadrons (MAESs) were established in North Africa, Europe, and the Pacific: C-47s flew to battle fronts with equipment and ammunition, and with flight nurses riding on top of the supplies. On landing, the seriously wounded were carried on board for the return flights. With no physician aboard, nurses were responsible for starting intravenous fluids, giving injections of tetanus toxoid and morphine, watching for hemorrhage and shock, splinting fractured limbs, and attending to physical and emotional needs. One nurse with the 825th MAES flew twelve million miles in fifteen months in C-54s between Casablanca or Karachi and the United States, often with 75 severely wounded aboard. Hospital ships were fitted for 600 but often carried 800 wounded. [End Page 743] Hospital trains were used where planes and ships could not go. Mobile hospitals followed the troops as they advanced, often staying only a few days in one place. Surgical teams worked steadily to repair battle wounds, then dismantled, moved on, set up the tents again, and began operating within hours. Surgery went on day and night, with nurses administering anesthesia. Personnel lived in tents that often had rivers of water running through them, no heat, and little fresh drinking water. They received only basic Army rations for food. Personal supplies were always short; toilets were trenches outside, sometimes covered by canvas. But no matter how primitive the conditions, nurses used available materials to make their units brighter and more comfortable, spent time with the dying, and soothed the frightened wounded, for whom they could not do enough. Photographs of hospital ships, planes, physicians, and the nurses themselves give life to the accounts in this volume. Senator Daniel Inouye, wounded in Italy, was cared for by an Army nurse in Leghorn, of whom he said: “I wish I could remember her name—I’ll never forget her face—but . . . as far as I was concerned she was the best damn nurse in the United States Army. In a single moment she had made me see the job that lay ahead of me, and in all the weeks that followed she found a thousand subtle ways to help me master it. . . . Nurses persevered and provided the highest quality of care under the most adverse conditions, often against the greatest odds” (pp. x–xi). All nurses imprisoned by the Japanese, and many others, were awarded the Bronze Star and promoted. Other medals presented to nurses were the Distinguished Flying Cross, Presidential Citation, the Air Medal, and the Purple Heart. This book, one of two published in 1996, 1 shows perhaps a renewed interest in the work of nurses in this and other wars, and highlights their outstanding bravery, dedication to duty, and tireless work in the face of enemy fire, under the most deplorable conditions. Through it all, they remained cheerful, optimistic, and calm; they instilled hope in every wounded serviceman, along with the will to endure pain and to face death with courage. Ada Romaine Davis Johns Hopkins University Footnotes 1. The other is Barbara Brooks Tomblin, G.I. Nightingales: The Army Nurse Corps in World War II (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996). Copyright © 1997 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Understanding Ethics Through Literature

The subject of ethics isfrequentlyfound at the center of issues that can profoundly affect the way in which both citizens and administrators choose to live. An underused but highly effective means of introducing the complexities of the subject may be found in carefully selected works of literature. This approach can sustain the interest of students while emphasizing the critical distinctions that are afundamental part of the subject matter James Clavell's King Rat is one such work of literature. In a Japanese prison camp at the close of World War II, democratic and aristocratic captives struggle to preserve their bodies without sacrificing what remains of their souls. The resulting tale provides a powerful examination of such issues as character, virtue, vice, fitness to rule, the good citizen versus the good human being, and, most especially, honor

A User's Guide to the Millennium (review)

that don't sound very much like journalism, and an unpalatable interpolated opera about the dogs' overthrow of Rankstadt. As for the "exploration of the boundaries between human and animal," mostly that has to do with the dogs' tendency to revert to walking on all fours over time, and to make some lunges for each others' throats. Bakis definitely has an imagination , if a silly one in this book. Her next novel will almost certainly be better. But she'd do well to leave the secret lives of dogs to Elizabeth Marshall Thomas, and their hearts to Mikhail Bulgakov. (ES) A User's Guide to the Millennium by J.G. Ballard Picador, 1996, 294 pp., $23 This collection of over ninety reviews and essays (1962-1995) by the author of CrasZi and Rushing to Paradise not only guides the reader through the last thirty years in art and writing, science and science fiction , but also provides a fragmented map of Ballard's metallized autopia /autogeddon. If these short pieces feature such an array of topics that they don't really hold together as a coUection, they do, nevertheless provide sharp and distinctive insights into the twentieth century. Unlike his nihilistic literary forefather , William S. Burroughs, Ballard welcomes with a peculiar relish the growing "forest of TV aerials" and "huge shopping malls whose floors remind the visitor of a terminal concourse ." He pays homage to Burroughs , James Joyce, Andy Warhol and Salvador DaIi as cultural icons at the close of the millennium. A champion of science fiction, Ballard attests that s-f is "the only form of literature which will cross the gap between the dying narrative fiction of the present and the cassette and videotape fictions of the near future ." However, the "true literature of the twentieth century" can only meet its potential by aborting its mission in outer space; instead, s-f must plunge into the abysmal inner space of global and biological issues while exploring the cosmos of the unconscious. Fictional interstellar rocketry lost much of its fizz when Neil Armstrong did his lunar landscape debut, and the space age was indeed short lived for those who grow bored of photon phazer blasts and slimo-cephalic space racers. Ballard details the focal point of one of his own nodes in inner space—the car—as he attests that "every aspect of modern life is there, both for good and for ill—our sense of speed, drama and aggression, the worlds of advertising and consumer goods." Ballard's idiosyncratic zeal in the face of "coca-colonization" and population explosions seems to stem from his wartime experiences in Shanghai. As a child Ballard suffered a two-and-a-half year imprisonment in a Japanese prison camp. He explains that "to survive war . . . one needs to accept the rules it imposes and even, as I did, learn to welcome it." By highlighting other characters who have flourished in the face of adversity, Ballard suggests that as the high-rises, concrete labyrinths and other such postmodern fixtures grow around us, we "might as well make the most of them, since there is nowhere else to go." (HR) The Missouri Review · 205 ...

The situation of Japanese prisoners of war in Soviet camps (1945–1956)

The situation of Japanese prisoners of war in Soviet camps (1945–1956)

Review: With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941-1945, by Robert S. LaForte, Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel

Review: <i>With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941-1945</i>, by Robert S. LaForte, Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel

"We Have Been Reborn": Japanese Prisoners and the Allied Propaganda War in the Southwest Pacific

On December 7, 1941, Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor gave rise to frenetic efforts by United States to mobilize for war against treacherous and inscrutable Japanese enemy. The racial aspects of Pacific War were overt and have dominated scholarship and public perceptions of conflict against Japan since final Allied victory. The World War-II era Japanese soldier is most often remembered for his fanatical fight against insuperable odds and an adherence to principle of death before dishonor Another common recollection and historiographical theme is that of American GIs' unmitigated hatred of Japanese as a monomaniacal, fierce, and suicidal adversary. John W Dower's fascinating study of impact of racial hatred on Pacific War provides an abundance of evidence of extent to which stereotypes of the other dominated fighting in Pacific. Dower concedes that occasionally fair numbers ofJapanese were taken prisoner:' but concludes that mostJapanese fought until they were killed,

Captive of the Rising Sun: the POW memoirs of Rear Admiral Donald T. Giles, USN

One of the most cogent accounts of the fall of Guam and the ensuing four years of brutality in Japanese prison camps ever published. Includes thorough research of military and national policy as well as Japanese reports and other primary source materials.

With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941–1945

With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941–1945

With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941–1945. Edited by Robert S. La Forte, Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel. Wilmington: SR Books, 1994. xxxviii, 286 pp. $24.95.

With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941–1945. Edited by Robert S. La Forte, Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel. Wilmington: SR Books, 1994. xxxviii, 286 pp. $24.95.

The practice of surgery in Japanese prison camp hospitals in Burma and Siam

As chief medical officer and consulting surgeon at this «hospital» which accommodated 8000 sick prisoners of war at one time I continued to work from january 1944 to August 1945. The majority of the cases were medical, for example, 15 00 chronic dysentery (mostly amebic), 1100 avitaminosis, 1200 surgical, the remainder skin, permanent disabilities such as amputations, and convalescents. The conditions in this camp were better than anything we had experienced in the jungle, but were far below the standards of most primitive European hospitals. There were no beds or bedding, and no specific drugs except quinine. Improvisation of instruments and operating equipment continued on a large scale, but the arrival of American Red Cross stores including some emetine and the sulfa drugs in July 1944 relieved the situation

With only the will to live: accounts of Americans in Japanese prison camps, 1941-1945

Of the 25,000 Americans held prisoner in the Pacific during World War II, over 40 percent died in captivity. Only those with luck and a tremendous will to live ever made it home. Surprisingly, however, no book has yet tried to convey, in the survivors' own words, the full range of what these servicemen went through. But now their astonishing stories are finally told in With Only the Will to Live: Accounts of Americans in Japanese Prison Camps, 1941-1945. Historians Robert S. La Forte, Ronald E. Marcello, and Richard L. Himmel have selected the accounts of 52 individuals from interviews with well over 150 survivors. Telling of their surprise at losing to the enemy, brutal treatment by guards, constant battles with hunger and disease, use as slave labor, and unflagging refusal to give in, the men who were there paint a vivid picture of every stage of their ordeal. And, unlike memoirs by single individuals, the numerous accounts in With Only the Will to Live together give a view of many different camps and kinds of treatment the thousands of POWs were subjected to. From the jungles of Burma to the coal mines of Nagasaki, from rice patties in the Philippines to air raids in Kawasaki, With Only the Will to Live conveys the wide variety of experiences the American prisoners endured. Their understated heroism, and the shocking conditions that tested it, is now fully recorded in a volume that will thrill history buffs with its immediacy and inspire all readers with its demonstration of what the human spirit can conquer.

Opposing Outcomes of the Industrial Prison: Japan and the United States Compared

The industrial prison first emerged in the early 1820s as the Auburn system in New York State, combining the characteristics of the machine-based factory and the custodial prison. Unprecedented demands were placed on the skills and dedication of both prison staff and inmates. Political opposition gradually deprived the industrial prison of its early prominent place in American penology. In Japan, the model appeared later and today continues to flourish with easy access to the open market. Whereas the industrial prison and the contracting of prison labor suffered political attack in the United States, they are tolerated in Japan. Japanese prison personnel benefit from sound recruitment and a long history of in-service training. The American public debated whether priority was to be given to the rehabilitation of criminals or to the concept of the industrial prison, but in Japan, where the policy of diversion greatly reduces the proportion of offenders who end up in prison, and those who are imprisoned have been selected asbeing especially "unworthy," the industrial prison is seen as an appropriate means of managing such offenders.

Alone in a Crowd: Gender Differences in the Emotional Well-Being of Japanese Prisoners

This article reports on gender differences in the emotional well-being of prison inmates, a topic on which few crosscultural findings are available. Studying Japanese prisoners, we find that females are more likely than males to experience a sense of hopelessness and despair. These sentiments, we argue, can best be explained by the social isolation that female inmates experience, an isolation that is caused by prison conditions.

Psychopathology and psychiatric diagnoses of World War II Pacific theater prisoner of war survivors and combat veterans

This study assessed current and long-term psychological and psychiatric sequelae of war trauma in World War II Pacific theater combat veterans, some of whom had been Japanese prisoners of war (POWs). A group of 36 POW survivors and a group of 29 combat veterans, all of whom had seen fierce fighting and heavy unit casualties, were compared approximately 40 years later on psychological instruments assessing psychopathology constructs, negative mood states, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and on the computer-administered National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Although similar in personal backgrounds and in having suffered catastrophic war trauma, the two groups differed in the severity and type of psychiatric symptoms and in the occurrence of psychiatric disorders. Anxiety and depressive disorders were common in both groups, but there were differences in the frequency of PTSD diagnoses. Among the POW survivors, 70% fulfilled the criteria for a current diagnosis and 78% for a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, compared to 18% and 29%, respectively, of the combat veterans. The findings point to the persistent nature of symptoms thought to be residuals of extraordinary stress and the relation between severity of psychiatric sequelae and characteristics of the stressors.

Reviews

David Marr, Patrick White, A Life, Random House, 1991, 727 pp; $49.95 Mavis Thorpe Clark, No Mean Destiny, The Story of the War Widows’ Guild of Australia, 1945–85, Hyland House, Melbourne, 1986, pp. xii + 288, $30 Joan Clarke, Just Us, A History of the Association of Civilian Widows of Australia, Hale and Iremonger, Sydney, 1988, pp. 279, $24.95, paper, $14.95 Jean Scott, Girb With Grit, Memories of the Australian Women's Land Army, Allen and Unwin, Sydney, 1986, pp. xii + 179, $24.95 Catherine Kenny, Captives, Australian Army Nurses in Japanese Prison Camps, University of Queensland Press, St Lucia, 1989, pp. xiv + 173, $14.95 Madeleine Sophie McGrath, These Women? Women Religious in the History of Australia, The Sisters of Mercy Parramatta 1888–1988, New South Wales University Press, Sydney, 1989, pp. xiii + 301, $34.95. Barry York, Student Revolt! La Trobe University 1967 to 1973, Nicholas Press, Canberra, 1989, pp. 184, $17. Gwynneth Singleton, The Accord and the Australian Labour Movement, Melbourne University Press, 1990, pp. viii + 222, $24.95. Alan W. Black (ed.) Religion in Australia, Sociological Perspectives, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1991, pp. xi + 222, $19.95. Hal Kendig and John McCallum (eds), Grey Policy, Australian Policies For An Ageing Society, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1990, pp xiii + 226, $19.95. Helen Proudfoot, Anne Bickford, Brian Egloff, Robyn Stocks, Australia's First Government House, Allen & Unwin and Department of Planning, Sydney, 1991, pp. xv + 196, $29.95. Ian Watson, Fighting Over The Forests, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1990, pp. xxi + 178, $17.95. Marion Diamond, The Sea Horse and the Wanderer, Ben Boyd in Australia, Melbourne University Press, 1988, pp. xiv + 254, $34.95. Neil Gunson (ed.) The Dalton Journal, Two Whaling Voyages to the South Seas, 1823–1829, National Library of Australia, Canberra, 1991, pp. xii + 140, $34.95. Margorie R. Theobald and R.J.W. Selleck (eds) Family, School and State in Australian History, Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1990, pp. x + 202, $19.95 paper.

Women's Prisons in Japan: A Comparative Analysis

Among the results of Japan's preference for dispositional options other than imprisonment are a relatively low imprisonment rate, differences in the basic characteristics of Japanese and American prisoners, and differences between the sexes in Japanese prisons. From a comparative perspective, the paper considers several aspects of the situation in Japan: the relatively low priority of gender issues, certain trends stimulated by policy changes that influence the incarceration of women, the increase in the number of women prisoners attributable to stimulant-drug offenses, and the management of women in confinement.

Nonn-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in an obese former Japanese prisoner of war

Nonn-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in an obese former Japanese prisoner of war

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Japanese Prisoners of War

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticleNo AccessPosttraumatic Stress Disorder in Japanese Prisoners of WarI. P. BURGES WATSONI. P. BURGES WATSONSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:1 Apr 2006https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.144.8.1110AboutSections ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Japanese Prisoners of War." American Journal of Psychiatry, 144(8), p. 1110 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - American Journal of Psychiatry Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Australian Prisoners of the Japanese: A Clinical Study26 June 2016 | Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 27, No. 1 Volume 144Issue 8 August 1987Pages 1110-1110 Metrics History Published online 1 April 2006 Published in print 1 August 1987