Japanese Noun Research Articles

The Effects of Self-Directed Perception Training on Japanese Noun Accent by American Learners of Japanese

The Effects of Self-Directed Perception Training on Japanese Noun Accent by American Learners of Japanese

Examining Cross-linguistic Influence of Japanese Word Order: An Eye-Tracking Study on L2 English Learners’ Text Comprehension

Cross-linguistic influence is a systematic and unavoidable feature of language learning. This study aimed to investigate whether prepositive word order in Japanese noun clauses can serve as a cross-linguistic influence element in the acquisition of relative clauses (a form of a postpositive modifier) in English. To test this hypothesis, this study conducted an eye-tracking experiment with native Japanese speakers and showed the following results statistically. First, Japanese participants generally paid more attention to modifier clauses than the noun phrases they modified when reading English sentences with relative clauses. Second, when interpreting accusative relative clauses, longer fixations were observed both in the modifier clauses and in the antecedents, likely due to their complexity for Japanese L2 learners of English, as evidenced by the lowest accuracy rate. Finally, and most notably, the findings revealed that the participants who had not fully acquired the relative clause construction focused more on the left side of the relative pronoun than those who had. This tendency was most prominent when interpreting subjective relative clauses, a result that supports the hypothesis that prepositive L1 modifiers could be a CLI element in the acquisition of English postpositive modifiers.

A phonotactic-tonotactic grammar for Tokyo Japanese that clusters by lexical strata offers a good trade-off between model size and likelihood

The Japanese lexicon is typically classified into at least three etymological strata: native, Sino-Japanese and foreign words. In Tokyo Japanese, nouns from different strata are known to have different phonotactic as well as tonotactic properties. Should one analyze Tokyo Japanese nouns using a non-clustering grammar that generates all nouns using the same phonological grammar, or should one analyze them using a clustering grammar that generates nouns from different strata using different grammars? In this study, I address this question from a probabilistic and a model selection perspective: the better probabilistic grammar is one that better balances fit to data and the number of parameters in the grammar. Using the UCLA Phonotactic Learner, I train two kinds of MaxEnt grammars that correspond to non-clustering and clustering grammars. I compare the two kinds of grammar using the Bayesian Information Crierion (BIC), and show that the non-clustering grammars make a better trade-off between fit to data and model size than non-clustering grammars. Consequently, different etymological strata of the Tokyo Japanese nominal lexicon are better analyzed as being generated from different MaxEnt grammars than from the same MaxEnt grammar.

An Analysis of Japanese Derivative Words and Noun Orientation : A Case Study of ‘高さ’ and ‘低さ’

An Analysis of Japanese Derivative Words and Noun Orientation : A Case Study of ‘高さ’ and ‘低さ’

Japanese Noun Phrase on Twitter Trending Topic

This paper discussed a Japanese noun phrase as hashtag Twitter. The research was conducted by collecting data for 1 month in September 2022. The data is not limited to a single chunky noun phrase, but noun phrases as constituents are also discussed in this paper. The descriptive qualitative method will describe the meaning of the phrase, and syntax will be used to identify the structure. The results reflect the used noun phrased as a hashtag, created simply as structure, but complex as semantically. The single hashtag has a discourse meaning behind it. Other than that, founded a treatment spoken language as writing text, and the users naturally find the meaning behind of it. This kind of situation indicates a premature sign of spoken language can fully understand without syntax marker on it (the spoken language always pragmatically helped by gesture, expression, and intonation).

Struktur Pembentuk Nomina Tempat dalam Bahasa Jepang pada Novel Berjudul Fune wo Amu Karya Shion Miura

"The Structure of Forming Nouns of Place in Japanese in a Novel Entitled Fune Wo Amu by Shion Miura" is the title of this study. The purpose of this research is to learn more about the structure of the formation of place nouns in Japanese which is found in a novel entitled Fune Wo Amu by Shion Miura. Descriptive qualitative method is the method used in this research. Japanese Morphological Theory and the Semantic Theory by Tsujimura (2014) are the theory used in this research. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that noun place marker suffixes can be attached to bound morphemes, nouns, verbal nouns, and root verbs (ren'y?kei). The kango type of word is the type of word that is most often attached by place marking suffixes in Japanese. In addition, when compared to other types of place noun-forming suffixes such as ~? (-ba, -jo?), ~? (-dokoro, -sho, -jo), ~? (-kan), ~? (-ya), ~? (-chi), ~? (-ten), ~? (-in), and ~? (-do?), the suffix ~? (-shitsu) produces the most place nouns.

Technical Education in Nara Japan: Text and Context of the Yōshi kangoshō (ca. 720)

Abstract The Yōshi kangoshō (Notes on Chinese Words by Master Yako, ca. 720) is a bilingual Sinitic-Japanese dictionary, now lost and surviving only in indirect transmission thanks to quotations in the Wamyōruijushō (Categorized Notes on Japanese Nouns, ca. 934) by Minamoto no Shitagō (911–983). The lexical domains covered by the Yōshi kangoshō deal with technical knowledge, such as terminology for anatomy and medicine, archery, constructions, shipping and shipbuilding, the textile sector (clothes, belts, shoes, sewing, weaving, sericulture, dyeing, etc.), hippology and stock-breeding, agriculture, cooking, carpentry, sea and earth products, kinship. In this paper, I propose a reconstruction of the Yōshi kangoshō, furnishing the complete list of its quotations. I would therefore like to propose that the Yōshi kangoshō should be reconsidered as an educational tool for learning terminologies, and that it was particularly useful for the technical education of clerks.

Reconstruction of Ryukyuan tone classes of Middle Japanese Class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns

Abstract It is generally accepted that of the five tone classes reconstructed for disyllabic nouns in Middle Japanese (MJ), Classes 2.4 and 2.5 exhibit a split correspondence with proto-Ryukyuan (pR) tone Classes B and C. This split correspondence is of tremendous importance for the reconstruction of the proto-Japonic (pJ) tone system, because, in the absence of a conditioning factor accounting for the split, it has led to the reconstruction of additional tone classes at the pJ level. However, of the approximately 100 nouns belonging to these classes, the tone class of only half of them has been reconstructed for pR. Before embarking on the reconstruction of the pJ tone system, we must therefore first reconstruct the pR tone class of the nouns belonging to MJ Classes 2.4 and 2.5. This study provides a reconstruction of the tone classes in pR for 75 cognates using the latest comparative data of Northern and Southern Ryukyuan dialects. The results confirmed the existence of a split correspondence, where Class 2.4 and 2.5 nouns are found to be roughly split in half between pR Classes B and C, demonstrating that it is not a merely sporadic irregularity.

Parallelism Between Sentence Structure and Nominal Phrases in Japanese: Evidence from Scrambled Instrumental and Locative Adverbial Phrases

The present study investigated the canonical position of instrumental and locative adverbial phrases in both Japanese sentences and noun phrases to determine whether the canonical positions are parallel. A series of sentence/phrase decision tasks were used to compare sentences with different word-orders, including sentences with SAdvOV (S is subject phrase, Adv adverb, O object phrase and V verb), AdvSOV, SAdvOV and SOAdvV word orders. SAdvOV word order was found to be the most quickly processed, for both instrumental adverbial (Experiment 1) and locative adverbial phrases (Experiment 2). Thus, the canonical position for these adverbial phrases is identified as the position immediately preceding the object (Theme argument). This finding was replicated when the same experimental methods were applied to event-denoting noun phrases. Adverbial adjuncts in the initial position (AdvON, N is noun phrase) were processed more quickly and accurately than noun phrases with adverbial phrases in the second position (OAdvN), for both instrumental adverbial (Experiment 3) and locative adverbial phrases (Experiment 4). Therefore, the position immediately preceding the object is the canonical position for both instrumental and locative adverbial phrases in sentences and in noun phrases. In conclusion, this indicates that the base structure of a sentence is shared by its related noun phrase.

Fusion and Non-fusion Accents of Japanese Compound Nouns: The Effect of Focusing on the Meaning of the Posterior Element

Fusion and Non-fusion Accents of Japanese Compound Nouns: The Effect of Focusing on the Meaning of the Posterior Element

Gramatykalizacje modalności w językach naturalnych na przykładzie japońskiego rzeczownika tsumori

Abstract The Japanese noun tsumori is used as the so-called formal noun and the head of syntactic nominalization. Its main meaning of ‘aim, intention’ is expressed through the basic sentence pattern of (suru) tsumori da. The modal meanings of this noun reveal close connections with the pragmatics of linguistic politeness and manifestation of attitudes in interpersonal communication. The article deals with the main sentential patterns and functions from the comparative perspective.

Acquisition of the “Rendaku” phenomenon in Japanese compound nouns in school-age children with hearing impairment and normal hearing

Acquisition of the “Rendaku” phenomenon in Japanese compound nouns in school-age children with hearing impairment and normal hearing

19세기 말 20세기 초 일본어 형식명사 ‘こと, の’에 대응하는 한국어의 양상과 변천

This study examines the diachronic aspect of the Japanese formal nouns "koto" and "no" and their corresponding expressions in Korean. The data analyzed in this study are Japanese and Korean text books from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. Results are as follows. Firstly, reparding the distribution of semantic characteristics, "koto" was used as a real noun, ‘to-iu-kotoha’ patterns and modality usages. In particular, the formal noun use represents frequency of 72%. In particular, "no" shows, 37.2% of use as a formal noun, 31% as a substitute for a real noun, and 24.6% for a modality usage. This shows that ‘no’ was used evenly in a variety of usages. Next, in terms of corresponding expressiions in Korean, Japanese "koto" corresponds to "il",‘ki","um" noun clause,’ and ‘kes". Firstly, ‘il’ shows frequency of 38% and is used as a corresponding word in almost all usages. Secondly, the ‘ki, um’ noun clause shows frequency of 19.3%, mostly in nominal sentences. Thirdly, ‘kes’ is used when it is interchangeable with the ‘ki, um" noun clause or ‘il’. On the other hand, Japanese "no" mostly corresponds to the Korean ‘kes’. It"s frequency is 60%. This means that the meaning of the Korean "kes" is more diverse than that of the Japanese "no". In addition, in 21.3% of cases, verbs have been frequently used as corresponding words to "no"modality usages and ‘to-iu-noha’ patterns since the 1910s. The ‘ki, um’noun clause rarely appears with frequency of 6%. 本稿は19世紀末から20世紀初期にかけての日本語における形式名詞「こと、の」がどのように韓国語に対訳されているのか、その対応の様子と史的変化を考察したものである。分析資料は年代別に選んだ日本語と韓国語の学習書そして当時の朝鮮總督府発刊、国定教科書である。 考察の結果、明らかになったこを簡単に要約すると、以下の通りである。 まず、‘こと、の’の意味別分布を察してみると、「こと」の場合、形式名詞の用法が72%、実質名詞の用法が11.5%、‘ということ(は/だ)’そしてモダリティの用法が各々4%の出現頻度を表した。つまり、「こと」は一つの用法で高い頻度律を表しているが、それに対し「の」は形式名詞の用法で37.2%、実質名詞の代用法で31%、モダリティの用法で24.6%の頻度律をみせており、「こと」よりは多様な意味で用いられたことがわかった。特に句または節を連体化させる用法または動作より状態を表す場合が多かった。 次に、日本語に対応する韓国語の対応様子を察してみると、ます、「こと」に対応する韓国語として「일」に対訳される場合が38%で実質名詞の用法、形式名詞、体言化用法など、ほとんどの意味で対応語として用いられていた。「기,음」名詞節に対訳される場合は19.3%の出現頻度をみせて文の体言化用法で大部用いられていた。「것」に対応される場合は「기,음」名詞節または「일」に交換可能な場合がおおく、「것」の意味の領域が広がっていることがわかった。反面、「の」の対応語としては「것」が用例凡ての60%を占めしており、日本語「の」に比べ韓国語「것」の意味領域が広いことがわかった。21.3%の頻度律を見せた動詞への対応は1910年代以後、モダリティの用法または‘というのは’文型の対応語としてよく用いられた。「기,음」名詞節は6%の出現頻度を見せるのみであまり用いられてはなった。

How Shared Meanings and Uses Emerge Over an Interactional History: Wabi Sabi in a Series of Theater Rehearsals

ABSTRACT Taking the use of the esthetic term wabi sabi (Japanese compound noun) in a series of German- and English-language theater rehearsals as an example, this article studies the emergence of shared meanings and uses of an expression over an interactional history. We track how shared understandings and uses of wabi sabi develop over the course of a series of theater rehearsals. We focus on the practices by which understandings of wabi sabi are displayed, adopted, and negotiated. We discuss complexities and intransparencies of the manifestation of common ground in multiparty interactions and its relationship to the emergence of routine uses of the expression. Data are in English and German with English translation.

On the Chinese learners' Perception and Production of Japanese Wago Nouns with Four-mora

On the Chinese learners' Perception and Production of Japanese Wago Nouns with Four-mora

Language, Cognition, and Logic Viewed from the Polysemy of the Japanese Formal Noun tokoro (location)

Language, Cognition, and Logic Viewed from the Polysemy of the Japanese Formal Noun tokoro (location)

On the Perception Issue of Japanese Compound noun Accent among Chinese Japanese learners

On the Perception Issue of Japanese Compound noun Accent among Chinese Japanese learners

Bentuk, Fungsi, dan Distribusi Reduplikasi Kata Benda Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Jepang

Reduplication is a process of multiplying words in which many new words can be generated, and the process has a lexical function that can maintain the class-maintaining or class-changing (word-changing) of a word, as asserted by Asmah (2001: 17-35) that “Reduplication has a lexical function; that is to say it derives new words from the root-forms’’. This study aims to make reduplication of contrasting qualitative descriptive nouns existing in languages other than English and Japanese. The comparisons were carried out between the two languages aiming to examine similarities and differences in function or reduplication of nouns in both Malay and Japanese. The data were taken from the libraries, such as Takayama (2012), Osato (2013), Kobayakawa (2004), Tamura (1991) and Matsumoto (2009) for the Japanese, and Asmah (1975) and Abdullah (1974) for the Malay, and analyzed by comparing elements of similarities and differences existing in both languages. Among the interesting findings is the name word “hito” (person) in Japanese to “hito-bito” (people), showing the change of consonant / h / to / b / in its first syllable, which can be categorized as reduplication with the change of sound. Likewise with Malay, there is a change in the consonant sounds in “lauk pauk”, in which / l / becomes /p/ and in “sayur-mayur” / s / becomes / m / when pluralized.

Kata Majemuk Dengan Unsur Pembentuk Kanji 手 (Te; Shu; Zu)

This study discusses about “Japanese Compound Noun of Kanji手 (te; shu; zu)”. The purpose of this study is to desbribe the formation process and the meaning of compound noun which formatted by 手 (te; shu; zu) Kanji. The data of this research is obtained from “Shirabe Jisho” digital dictionary. The data were collected with ‘simak’ method and ‘catat’ technique. The data were analysed with ‘agih’ method and ‘bagi unsur langsung’ technique. Based on the analysis of the data, shows that compound noun which formatted by Kanji手 (te; shu; zu) has founded in two meanings, basic meaning and figurative meaning. Basic meaning compoun noun were founded on four kinds of structure, meanwhile figurative meaning of compound noun were founded on five kinds of structure. Kanji手 (te; shu; zu) has nine kinds of meaning when it combines to compoun noun.

トコロの多義性を通じて見た言語，認知，論理

トコロの多義性を通じて見た言語，認知，論理