Japanese Korean Research Articles

A Study on Trends of Native Korean Japanese Learners for Liberal Arts in the Post-COVID-19 - Based on the Survey Results in Namseoul University -

A Study on Trends of Native Korean Japanese Learners for Liberal Arts in the Post-COVID-19 - Based on the Survey Results in Namseoul University -

The Position of Lophozia dubia (Lophoziaceae, Marchantiophyta) in the Phylogenetic System of Lophozia and the Distribution of Lophozia in Southeast Eurasia, Extending to Indonesia

Lophozia pallida, the commonly used name for a rare and little-known Sino-Himalayan species, was found to be a synonym of Lophozia dubia, a forgotten and previously misinterpreted species known in Indonesia. A comparative study of herbarium materials and our collections made it possible to ‘extend’ the distribution of Lophozia s. str. southward to Indonesia. The description of oil bodies from the species is provided for the first time. The position of the species in the Lophozia phylogenetic system demonstrates its clear differences from the morphologically similar Lophozia guttulata and its phylogenetic relationship with the Japanese–Korean Lophozia koreana.

Transmediating race and senses through subtitling in translanguaging classroom

This article reflects on a transdisciplinary curricular project in a Japanese language course that employs audio–visual subtitling to promote students’ critical literacies in languages, cultures, and media. Drawing on Nornes’s (2015) notion of “sensuous subtitling,” which embraces the incorporation of the “materiality of language” into translation, we present how students’ experimental subtitlings potentially make a transformative intervention into how the characters are sensed and felt through film viewing. As Japanese-speaking women teaching Japanese language and culture at an English-speaking university in Canada, we use our bodies as racialized and racializing sites to explore the affective potentials of interlingual subtitles and their pedagogical implications. We reflect on students’ subtitling of Korean Japanese film Where Is the Moon (1993, dir. Yoichi Sai) that embodies race and senses through various cinematic techniques. Students’ subtitlings reshaped the “intercorporeal” space in which the cinematic bodies of the characters touch our bodies (Sekimoto and Brown, 2020).

일본 한국어 교육계의 어기설(語基說)과 朴勝彬(1931)의 용언 활용론에 대한 소고

This paper compared the Park Seung-bin(1931) and the Eogiseol, which are currently used in the Korean language education society in Japan. For this purpose, we first investigated what is the Eogiseol and examined the formation process of it. In Eogiseol, Eogi is a combination of basic forms such as ‘먹’, ‘작’ and ‘-으-’ or ‘-아/어-’ which are thematic vowel, And three Eogie types are depending on the types of endings, and Eogies change their forms but endings are fixed. This shows the opposite perspective from the general conjugation theory that the stem does not change, but the ending changes. The formation process of Eogiseol generally shows the flow of ‘前間恭作→河野六郞→菅野裕臣→浜之上幸’, and it can be seen that the results obtained from the study of medieval Korean are applied to modern Korean. The similarities between the Eogiseol and Park Seung-bin(1931) are discussed in terms of similarities of phonetic realization of ‘먹으’+‘니’ of the Second-Eogi-type and ‘머그’+‘니’ of Park Seung-bin(1931), ‘먹어’+‘서’ of the Third-Eogi-type and ‘머거’+‘서’ of Park Seung-bin(1931), but if we look a little deeper, we can know that the way of spelling is different like ‘먹’ and ‘머그’, the basic type setting is different as ‘먹’ and ‘머그’, and the area of the stem is also different because it is up to ‘먹’ while ‘머’ is different. In addition, supporters of Eogisol argue advantages of the use of Eogisol in the Japanese Korean language education society in that Eogisol does not give learners much concern and can derive the conjugation type quickly and accurately in that it memorizes the form of Eogi according to the type of endings, but the theory of conjugation based on the premise that ‘-으-’ and ‘-아/어-’ belong to the stem can lead to a shift away from the essence of the conjugation of Korean verbs and adjectives that the stem does not change and the ending changes, so deeper consideration of the consistency of the theory is needed.

韓国人日本語学習者のための類義語研究 - 日本語の希望を表す表現を中心に -

韓国人日本語学習者のための類義語研究 - 日本語の希望を表す表現を中心に -

The Impact of Trade on Carbon Emissions and Employment from the Perspective of Global Value Chains—A Case Study of Chinese–Japanese–Korean Trade

While international trade drives countries’ economic growth and promotes employment, it also has some environmental impact. To investigate the impact of trade on carbon emissions and employment, this study performs a detailed decomposition and measurement of embodied carbon emissions and employment in value-added trade between China, Japan, and Korea from 2007–2019. The current study established that, while China’s trade with Japan and Korea created many domestic jobs, it also resulted in significant domestic carbon emissions. While Japan and Korea’s trade with China reduced carbon emissions, employment in their own countries was reduced and replaced by employment in China. At the value chain route level, trade among the three countries through each value chain route either achieves employment promotion at the cost of increased carbon emissions or promotes domestic emissions reduction at the cost of employment loss. However, it is worth noting that, when trade between Japan and Korea was conducted through simple GVCs (route 2), it not only helped reduce Japan’s carbon emissions, but also effectively promoted employment. This is the ideal trade route. The results of this study can provide useful reference information for developing countries such as China, to achieve sustainable economic growth, carbon emission reduction, and employment promotion in the context of trade globalization.

Airline company's resource reallocation using network centralized data envelopment analysis with slack-based measure

PurposeSince airlines that employ their resources effectively will achieve operating profitability, air route resource allocation is significant for airlines. This study aims to investigate an appropriate model to reallocate resources into each air route of an airline company.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a network centralized data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with slack-based measure (SBM). The proposed model not only takes into account the two interconnected stages but also considers the nonradial approach with transfer-in and transfer-out slacks for resource reallocating. Furthermore, the authors modify the objective function to an input-oriented function with SBM, and divide the model into passenger and freight parts, which makes the model more realistic for the characteristic of air routes.FindingsThe empirical analysis using an airline company's internal data provides airline operators with information on how they increase or decrease input resources, which can serve as a practical guideline of resource reallocation. Specifically, the results indicate that the airline company should increase their input resources into long-haul air routes such as KOR-OCN while decreasing their input resources into short-haul air routes such as Korean-Oceania (KOR-OCN), Korean-Chinese (KOR-CHN), Korean-Southeast Asian (KOR-SEA), Korean-Japanese (KOR-JPN).Originality/valueAlthough some papers evaluate air route efficiencies based on the DEA approach, a few existing papers have addressed resource allocation for air routes. This paper is the first to study the resource reallocation for air routes based on the DEA approach, contributing to the literature in expanding the scope of research on resource reallocation.

Influence of cognitive abilities on literacy skills in a Korean-Japanese bilingual child with developmental dyslexia.

Some individuals with developmental dyslexia show dissociation in reading skills between languages. The occurrence of dissociation depends on differences in the orthographic characteristics and cognitive demands of languages. This article reports on a Korean-Japanese bilingual and biliterate boy, SJ, with developmental dyslexia (aged 11 years), who displayed dissociation between Korean and Japanese in reading and writing accuracy. This study aimed to discuss possible accounts for the profile of his literacy skills from orthographic and cognitive perspectives. To accomplish this aim, we measured SJ's literacy skills, receptive vocabulary, and cognitive abilities (i.e., phonological skills, naming speed, and visual skills) in both Korean and Japanese. Then, we compared his skills to those of monolingual and bilingual children. In terms of accuracy, his reading skills in Korean did not differ significantly from those of bilinguals, although they were lower than Korean monolinguals. His spelling skills were within the average range for Korean monolinguals and bilinguals. In contrast, his reading and writing accuracy levels in Japanese were low compared to both Japanese monolinguals and bilinguals. Moreover, his reading and writing deficits were more remarkable in Japanese kanji. However, his cognitive profile was similar between languages. Specifically, he showed deficits in phonological skills and naming speed in both languages, as well as deficits in visual skills. These results were explained by the facts that visual skills are one of the significant predictors of reading and writing accuracy in Japanese but not in Korean, and that visual skills are a key in learning kanji. Thus, our case, SJ, supports the cognitive account, namely, the idea that different cognitive demands on the development of literacy skills can cause dissociation in literacy skills (especially in terms of accuracy) in bilingual children.

｢N1ノN2｣의 사용양상 분석 - 일본어의 특징적인 표현이라는 점에 주목하여 -

There have been many previous studies that explore the relationship between two nouns, often expressed as ｢NO｣ in Japanese. Despite it being a basic grammar form that Japanese learners are introduced to at a relatively early stage in their learning, it arguably is not being utilized as much. By looking into the usage of ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ which employs a ｢NO｣ in between two nouns, this study seeks to examine the unique traits of Japanese language as can be contrasted with Korean. For this study, Korean and Japanese novels and their respective translations were used as references. ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ in Japanese corresponds to ‘N₁(UI) N₂’ in Korean; however, in Japanese, ｢NO｣ is often expressed in the form of a modifier. Here, most ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ forms in which N₁ modifies N₂, and ｢N₂ NO N₁｣ forms where N₂ modifies N₁, are noun modification structures of ｢内の関 係｣, with some ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ forms being ｢外の関係｣. We can also spot where various syntax forms, including ‘N₁GA[／EUL／…] N₂HANEUN GEOT[／IL／…](N₁ doing N₂)’ in Korean, are expressed as ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ in Japanese. In Japanese novels, it is common to see ｢N₁ NO N₂｣ where explanatory sentences would have been employed in Korean—this concise writing style is often regarded as one characteristic of the Japanese language. However, such characteristic can potentially act as an obstacle to forming a natural Japanese sentence, mainly due to its unfamiliarity to Korean Japanese learners, hence the suggestion to instruct the learners to understand and utilize the expressions properly.

재조선 일본인 귀환자의 한일 청구권 문제, 1945-1965

This article examines how the Japanese who lived in Korea during the period of J apanese colonization perceived and responded to the total property of colonial assets confiscate d by the USAMGIK in the South KoreanJapanese negotiations. This is an attempt to analyze c hronologically how the Japanese repatriates' perceived their colonial rule and pulled strings for the issue of claims between two countries. Furthermore, it is possible to show at what point the y showed the limitations of influence on the Japanese diplomacy toward South Korea.

재일한인의 자기역사(自分史)에 관한 기록 특징과 의미 - ‘사랑방의 어머니들’ 사례를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the records of the personal history of KoreanJapanese and their meaning. Personal history records center on one's own experiences, and they are the contact points where the entire history and the individual's history meet. In this study, the collection of Mothers of Sarangbang were selected and analyzed as records of personal histories. This collection contains 49 cases of firstgeneration Korean Japanese. The result shows that the personal historical records of KoreanJapanese have played a role in keeping individual histories in the community of memory and passing on their experiences to the next generation. In addition, the characteristics of personal history recorded through the case of 'Mothers in Sarangbang' are as follows: records of exclusion from education and continuous labor, records of war experiences and social events, and records of night middle school life. Although this characteristic of personal history writing is subjective, it coincides with the meaning of selfhistory, which reveals and places meaning in writing one's history. Personal history with the purpose of being recorded in history is consistent with the characteristics of recording war experiences, hard memories, social success experiences, and the history of family and hometown.

아시아태평양전쟁 말기 일본의 군수동원법제 정비와 조선인 동원의 강화

This paper studied on the legislation process for national mobilization of the company and laborers, especially focused on Munitions Companies Act(Gunjukaishaho), and its legal operations both in japan and Korea, which led to intensive mobilization of colonial Koreans. The results of studies are as follows. 1. Legislative process - The concept of national mobilization originated from the Munitions Industry Mobilization Law in 1918, which was made after the model of German wartime mobilization system, and was actualized by legislation of National Mobilization Law in 1938 just after the Sino-Japanese War, finally reinforced by the legislation of the Munitions Companies Act in October of 1943, which was made for the reverse the tide in the Pacific war by producing munitions including air fighters in a high speed, which led to more intensive mobilization of women and adolescents as well as japanese men. 2. Logistics mobilization in colonial Korea - The Japanese Government General in korea initiated a logistic mobilization policy in October of 1944, which was similar to Munitions Companies Act in Japan, which was the result of the enormous pressure from the japanese government, munitions corporate group(Zaibatsu), and military powers. This was the very crucial trigger to intensify the nation-wide forced mobilization(Choyo) 3. Influence on korean mobilization - After the introduction of Munitions Companies Act in korea, koreans mobilized into munitions company in north area of korean peninsula and japanese islands increased in a high speed, which brought about under population in south korea. Nevertheless, The Japanese Government General in korea mobilized more koreans including women and adolescents in the name of Jyosei Kinro Teishintai or Kinrohokokutai to fill up the labor shortage in japan. The mobilized koreans were put mainly into japanese munitions companies, which were granted a number of favors for their pains and cooperations. That is the reason why the japanese munitions companies as well as japanese government won’t be free from the responsibility and compensation for mobilized koreans.

아시아태평양전쟁 말기 일본의 군수동원법제 정비와 조선인 동원의 강화

This paper studied on the legislation process for national mobilization of the company and laborers, especially focused on Munitions Companies Act(Gunjukaishaho), and its legal operations both in japan and Korea, which led to intensive mobilization of colonial Koreans. The results of studies are as follows. 1. Legislative process - The concept of national mobilization originated from the Munitions Industry Mobilization Law in 1918, which was made after the model of German wartime mobilization system, and was actualized by legislation of National Mobilization Law in 1938 just after the Sino-Japanese War, finally reinforced by the legislation of the Munitions Companies Act in October of 1943, which was made for the reverse the tide in the Pacific war by producing munitions including air fighters in a high speed, which led to more intensive mobilization of women and adolescents as well as japanese men. 2. Logistics mobilization in colonial Korea - The Japanese Government General in korea initiated a logistic mobilization policy in October of 1944, which was similar to Munitions Companies Act in Japan, which was the result of the enormous pressure from the japanese government, munitions corporate group(Zaibatsu), and military powers. This was the very crucial trigger to intensify the nation-wide forced mobilization(Choyo) 3. Influence on korean mobilization - After the introduction of Munitions Companies Act in korea, koreans mobilized into munitions company in north area of korean peninsula and japanese islands increased in a high speed, which brought about under population in south korea. Nevertheless, The Japanese Government General in korea mobilized more koreans including women and adolescents in the name of Jyosei Kinro Teishintai or Kinrohokokutai to fill up the labor shortage in japan. The mobilized koreans were put mainly into japanese munitions companies, which were granted a number of favors for their pains and cooperations. That is the reason why the japanese munitions companies as well as japanese government won’t be free from the responsibility and compensation for mobilized koreans.

Internal Dynamics of Dividend Policy in East-Asia: A Comparative Study of Japan and South Korea

Japanese and Korean financial systems are distinct from those in the western economies. Considering this, we examine how the dividend policy of the firms in two of the largest economies of East Asia is determined by the internal attributes of firms. Firm-level data from 1,773 Japanese and 1,035 Korean firms were evaluated using panel data techniques, and some interesting similarities and differences in the dividend policies of both countries were unearthed. For example, in both countries, larger firms pay higher dividends, whereas those firms with volatile earnings pay low dividends. It was also determined that Korean firms pay more dividends when their profitability surges. On the other hand, cash dividends in Japanese firms decline when there is an increase in their profitability level. Overall, the dividend policy of Korean firms resembles more to those in Anglo-Saxon countries, while the dividend policy of Japanese firms bears little resemblance to other established financial systems. This study is the first to compare and contrast the internal dynamics of dividend policy for both the Japanese Keiretsus and Korean Chaebols while evaluating a huge universe of firms from both countries. Transnational studies are important to draw parallels and differences. The findings of this study offer important implications for various stakeholders, including managers, investors, and policymakers. Also, the results pave the way for a theoretically enriched understanding of dividend policy by comparing and contrasting diverse financial systems.

An Acoustic Phonetic Study on the Korean loanwords Pitch-Accent Realization by Native Japanese Speakers

The purpose of this study is to examine Korean loanwords of which pronunciation is similar to Japanese by analyzing Japanese Korean learners’ pitch patterns with objective values. Considering the point that in Japanese, a word’s accent is maintained in a sentence while in Korean, it is not kept in a sentence, this researcher performed an experiment on loanwords by dividing the cases of sentence unit speech from those of word unit speech. According to the results of analyzing sentence unit speech, in the parts where postpositions are combined, Japanese, the mother tongue’s pitch patterns have negative influence. In the case of single word utterances, a significant difference was found due to the difference in the descending width rather than the difference according to the pattern type. The findings of this study imply that when teaching Japanese learners about Korean pitch patterns, we should consider the phenomena of mother tongue transfer shown in different forms according to the environment of speech and also words’ pitch patterns along with combined postpositions’ pitch patterns.

A Study on Lexical Richness in the Writing of Japanese Korean Learners

목적 본 연구에서는 일본인 초급 한국어 학습자의 작문에 나타나는 어휘 풍요도를 살펴보고 이를 통해 어휘 지도에 대한 교육적 시사점을 얻는데 목적이 있다. 방법 이를 위하여 한국어능력시험(TOPIK) 초급 쓰기 문항의 모범 답안(T) 2편, 국립국어원의 말뭉치에서 수집한 일본인 초급 학습자(C)의 자기소개문 2편, 일본의 대학에서 한국어를 학습하는 일본인 초급 학습자(J)의 자기소개문 29편에 대해 어휘 구현(Token) 과 어휘 유형(Type)을 각각 산출하였고, 이를 바탕으로 어휘 다양도(TTR), 어휘 밀도(LD), 어휘 세련도(LS)를 비교 분석하였다. 결과 전체 평균 어휘 수는 T>C>J의 순으로 J가 가장 적었으나, 평균 어휘 유형 수는 T>J>C 순으로 C가 가장 적게 나타났다. 평균 TTR에서는 J>T>C 순으로 J가 가장 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 세 집단의 평균 어휘 밀도(LD)는 T>J>C 순으로 나타났고, 평균 어휘 세련도(LS)는 J>C>T 순으로 J가 가장 높게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 J는 일정한 시간 내에 많고 다양한 어휘를 생산해 내는 학습자와 그렇지 못한 학습자의 격차가 있으며, 특히 동사와 조사에 대한 지도 강화가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 결론 연구 결과를 토대로 일본인 한국어 초급 학습자의 어휘 사용 양상과 관련된 교육적 시사점을 제시하고 어휘 풍요도 척도를 학습자의 어휘 능력을 판단하는 지표로 어떻게 활용할 것인가에 대해 제언하였다.

The 2015 South Korean–Japanese Agreement on ‘Comfort Women’: A Critical Analysis

Abstract Before and during the Second World War, Japan established a legalised system of sexual slavery, in which approximately up to 200 000 women, euphemistically known as ‘comfort women’, were exploited. Although the victims came from all the regions of the Japanese Empire, the majority of them were Korean. While initial reconciliation attempts were met with refusal, a seemingly positive step was taken in December 2015, when South Korea and Japan announced that they had reached an agreement which would ‘finally and irreversibly’ resolve this issue. The main argument developed throughout the present article is that the agreement does not do justice in addressing the victims’ needs and rights in many ways, with the need for acknowledgement and memorialisation being primarily neglected. A critical evaluation of the 2015 agreement is particularly important in light of its suspension due to the dissolution of the Reconciliation and Healing Foundation.

Memory, Institutions, and the Domestic Politics of South Korean–Japanese Relations

AbstractHow does collective memory shape politics in the domestic and international spheres? I argue that collective memory—an intersubjective understanding of the past—has no inherent meaning and its salience is entirely contextual. What it means politically depends on the historical trajectory through which it came to form and the political exigency for which it is mobilized in the present. I propose three strategies by which social actors mobilize collective memory: framing—negotiating how the past can be interpreted; accrediting—redefining which narrators are authorized to speak; and binding—enforcing the narrative bounds to which narrators must conform. Using this framework, I reassess the failure of South Korea–Japan reconciliation and find that it has as much to do with the mobilization of collective colonial memory in South Korea over the course of its democratization as with Japanese impenitence. Anti-Japanese memory reflects continued domestic political contestation about how South Korea remembers and identifies itself.

Becoming Korean: Japanese wives in the boundary formation of a leftist zainichi community

ABSTRACT Korean–Japanese marriages were common during and after Japan’s imperial rule of Korea. Following the Japanese Empire’s demise, however, Japanese wives in Korean families faced new political dynamics and their ethnic belonging became an issue. This article introduces the experiences of some Japanese women who married leftist zainichi Korean men in the 1950s and 1960s, obtained through interviews and published memoirs. Their self-identification exclusively as members of the zainichi Korean community – or their experiences of “becoming Korean,” despite facing oppression in both the Korean community and Japanese society reflect the specific historical moment of Korean decolonization in post-imperial Japan. Their stories attest that Koreans’ efforts toward decolonization led to the establishment of an autonomous ethnic sphere and a new center of moral authority among zainichi Koreans. These women stood at the boundary between Korean and Japanese social spheres, which developed based on the malleability in women’s senses of ethnic and national belonging. Recovering their experiences can help us integrate post-imperial tensions and decolonization into the history of postwar Japanese society.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Japanese sea lion, Zalophus japonicus (Carnivora: Otariidae) analyzed using the excavated skeletal remains from Ulleungdo, South Korea

The Japanese sea lion, Zalophus japonicus, is an extinct pinniped species, which had inhabited along the coast of the Japanese archipelago and Korean peninsula. Its mitochondrial genome was determined by the assembly of PCR amplicons from the skeletal remains excavated from the Ulleungdo, South Korea. The whole mitogenome was 16,698 bp in length, which encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNA), 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNA), an origin of light-strand replication (OL), and a control region (D-loop). Unusual start codons were identified in ND2 (ATA), ND3 (ATA), and ND5 (ATC), while COIII, ND3, and ND4 were terminated with an incomplete stop codon (T–/TA-). Phylogenetic analysis showed that Z. japonicus was a sister species to Z. californianus with 98.61% nucleotide sequence identity among 11 pinniped species in the infraorder Pinnipedia, which supported the previous results. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Z. japonicus would be valuable information for its restoration and the evolutional understandings of pinniped species in the Pacific Ocean.