Japanese Grape Research Articles

The use of ecologically safe means in the protection against sucking phytophages in the ampelocenoses of the Northern Black Sea region

Goal. To provide data on insecticides for protection of grapes from thrips and Japanese grape cicada and their influence on the number of entomophages, which is an important element for the organization of effective and environmentally friendly technology of grape growing.
 Methods. Combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in plant protection — entomology and biomethod. The use of generally accepted methods of analysis (hypothesis, experiment, induction and synthesis) provides sufficient information on the control of grape thrips and Japanese grape cicada under the conditions of using environmentally friendly means of protection, which is one of the main elements of modern technologies for optimizing agroecosystems and obtaining environmentally friendly products. The phytosanitary method of route surveys involves the identification of entomophages and the establishment of dominant species and prevalence of grape thrips and Japanese grape cicada among them. The field method ensures the study of the effectiveness of the elements of the integrated grape crop protection system. The laboratory method involved the identification of species diversity of beneficial fauna. The statistical method was used to calculate the data obtained, determine their accuracy and reliability.
 Results. The database was updated with environmentally safe products, and regulations for their use were established, which are focused not so much on pest control as on the overall optimization of the phytosanitary condition of plantations, obtaining environmentally friendly products and preserving beneficial fauna. Under natural conditions, without pesticide pressure, the number of predators in a multicomponent entomocomplex is many times higher than in traditional agrocenoses.
 Conclusions. The composition of preparations with a given direction of minimizing damage to beneficial fauna and, accordingly, the environment was formed. The results obtained and the conclusions formulated on their basis are of practical importance in terms of the prospects for the production of environmentally friendly products by applying environmentally friendly and effective methods of controlling the number of sucking pests and preserving the natural agrobiocenosis.

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the ancient Japanese grape cultivar ‘Juraku’

Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the ancient Japanese grape cultivar ‘Juraku’

Hydroalcoholic extraction of antioxidant compounds in Japanese grape pseudofruits

The pseudofruit of Japanese grape is rich in sugar and phenolic compounds but little explored for extracting antioxidant compounds. The objective of the study was to extract and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of these pseudofruits harvested at two maturation stages: the development phase (DP) and the mature phase (MP). The pseudofruits were evaluated regarding the centesimal composition and physicochemical characteristics and submitted to extraction with 100% water, 50% ethanol, and 100% ethanol. For the extracts, we determined the phenolic compound content and the antioxidant activity using radical capture methods ABTS and DPPH. Pseudofruits may be considered a good source of dietary fiber, regardless of the maturation stage, proving to be a promising raw material for use in foods. Moreover, pseudofruits in the MP presented an increase in the contents of soluble solids, reducing and non-reducing sugars, and titratable acidity, attributed to the formation of the galacturonic acid during the maturation process. Among the solvent used, extraction with 50% ethanol resulted in a larger phenolic compound content and better antioxidant activity, especially for the pseudofruits in the DP, characterizing them as a vegetable matrix of excellent antioxidant capacity and with potential for application in foods and drugs.

Spontaneous poisoning in sheep caused by pseudofruits of <em>Hovenia dulcis</em> (japanese grape)

An outbreak of spontaneous intoxication by the pseudofruits of the japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) was observed in a flock of 270 sheep in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, resulting in the death of nine animals. The clinical picture was characterized by digestive, nervous, and respiratory alterations with progression to death after 15 to 48 hours. The main microscopic findings were hepatic necrosis, necrosis of the rumen and abomasum mucosa, pulmonary edema and atelectasis, kidney degeneration, cerebral spongiosis, and vacuolization of Purkinje neurons. Hovenia dulcis is wide spread in Brazil, especially in the south of the country. However, this is the first report of spontaneous poisoning in sheep caused by its pseudofruits.

Phytosanitary assessment of the state of populations of the Japanese grape leafhopper (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) in grape agrocenoses of the Northern Black Sea region of Ukraine

Goal. To clarify the species composition of the order Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadinea (Auchenorrhyncha)) and their distribution in the grape agrocenoses of the Northern Black Sea Coast of Ukraine. Investigate the peculiarities of the seasonal dynamics of the Japanese grape cicada (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) and identify the varieties that are most susceptible to damage by this leafhopper.
 Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring of leafhopper distribution in grape agrocenoses, the results of which determined the species composition of cicadas, the number of populations and the nature of plant population. The study of seasonal dynamics and determination of the flight peaks of the imago of the Japanese grape leafhopper was carried out with the help of yellow glue traps.
 Results. The data of the increase of species composition and expansion of the range of the order Cicadinea in agrocenoses of vineyards in the conditions of the Northern Black Sea zone of Ukraine are presented. The most significant changes were noted in invasive species of leafhoppers. The reasons are the process of adapting the development of cicadas to the conditions of grape ecosystems in the region. The dynamics of the number of Japanese grape leafhopper (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) is given and the periods of its maximum abundance in industrial vineyards are traced. The number of generations of A. kakogawana was determined and the varieties that are most susceptible to damage by this cicada are indicated.
 Conclusions. According to the results of the research, 12 species of leafhoppers from different ecological and trophic groups belonging to 5 families were identified. It was noted that among the studied leafhoppers, the most common is the invasive species of the Japanese grape leafhopper, which ranges from 28.7 to 46.5% of the total number of populated bushes. It is noted that in the conditions of the Northern Black Sea leafhopper develops in three generations. Adults are caught from early June to mid-October. During this time, 3 peaks of leafhopper are recorded — the first — in mid-July, the second — in the first decade of August and the third peak — in early September. The development cycle of one generation is about 35—40 days. Migration to wintering grounds begins in mid-September. It was found that all surveyed grape varieties were inhabited by Japanese grape leafhopper, but it was analyzed that the number of populations in the varieties is different. Varieties with medium or more intense leaf pubescence were more intensively populated, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Sukholimansky White, Odesa Souvenir, Chardonnay, Odessa Black, Rkatsiteli and Muscat Tairovsky. The smallest number of leafhoppers was found on varieties without pubescence or with weak pubescence of leaves on the underside, it is Arcadia, Flora, Riddle, Raisin Tairovsky, Kardishah and others.

Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) powder as an antioxidant agent in Bologna sausages.

The Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis Thunberg) has potential as an antioxidant due to its high content of phenolic compounds in the early maturation stages. In this study, the antioxidant sodium erythorbate (CONTROL) was replaced by Japanese grape pseudofruits dehydrated by freeze-drying (FDP) and oven drying (OP), in Bologna sausages. The commercial natural antioxidant licresse (LS), based on licorice, has also been studied. No significant differences (P <0.05) were observed for the proximate composition and the texture profile of the Bologna sausages. An increase in pH was observed during storage for all formulations. At 28 days, the treatments FDP and OP were darker (lower L* values) and less red (lower a* values), possibly due to the presence of tannins in these samples, which may have bound with the iron present in myoglobin and minimized the oxidation reactions. The use of different antioxidants affected the nitrite contents of the Bologna sausages during storage. Regarding the lipid oxidation, the Japanese grape powder was more effective in delaying the oxidation reactions in Bologna sausages after 14 and 21 days of storage when compared to LS and the CONTROL, respectively. The Japanese grape powders were effective in retarding the lipid oxidation of Bologna sausages, possibly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, tannins, and ascorbic acid, showing the potential of these pseudofruits as antioxidants for use in meat products. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Pest categorisation of Arboridia kakogawana.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the Japanese grape leafhopper, Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura, 1932) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), for the EU territory. This species is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Adults of A. kakogawana overwinter in broad‐leaved and mixed forests and move to vineyards in the spring where there may be up to four generations, before adults move back to forests during late summer–early autumn to overwinter, possibly under diapause. A. kakogawana has a restricted host range (Vitis spp. and Parthenocissus quinquefolia). It is native to Eastern Asia, from where it moved westwards reaching southern Russia in 1999, and subsequently Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia in 2020. A. kakogawana develops on the abaxial side of the leaves causing chlorotic spots that reduce grape quality. Plants for planting of Vitis L. are banned from entering the EU except from Switzerland, where A. kakogawana is not known to occur. Therefore, this can be considered as a closed entry pathway. However, other plants for planting including the host P. quinquefolia and many broad‐leaved trees where overwintering takes place, as well as isolated bark and wood with bark provide potential pathways which are partly regulated but remain open. There are no EU records of interception. Additional introductions and further spread of A. kakogawana into/within the EU, coupled with the ample availability of grapevines and the climatic conditions would most probably allow successful establishment in most EU member states. Should this happen, economic impact in table and wine grapes is anticipated. A. kakogawana satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest (UQP).

Characterization of pseudo-fruits of Hovenia dulcis T. at different maturation stages and drying methods

The vast majority of fruits and unprocessed vegetables, have a very short shelf life, mainly due to its high-water activity. Drying technology is an effective process, used to increase the shelf life of these products. It also can provide an effective method of consumption of fruits in food products. In this study, the influence of the maturation stage and drying method on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Japanese grape pseudo-fruits (Hovenia dulcis T.) were studied. The centesimal composition, reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars, ratio, color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of the unprocessed pseudo-fruits, at different maturation stages (immature, in maturation and mature), were analyzed. Two drying methods were employed in the pseudo-fruits (oven with air circulation and freeze drying) obtaining flour from which moisture content, instrumental color, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were determined. The unprocessed pseudo-fruits of Japanese grape showed significant content of phenolic compounds at the early stages of maturation and high antioxidant capacity when mature (at the final stages of maturation). In addition, they showed a high content of fibers and sugars, and can be used as raw material in the food industry. After dehydration, the freeze-drying process provided a more stable color, because this process minimizes the enzymatic browning reactions, and preserved a greater number of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity, however, showed to be associated with the drying method, being higher in the flour obtained from lyophilized immature pseudo-fruits.

Creating a wine heritage in Japan

This paper examines how Japanese grape wine production has been promoted as cultural heritage, through the collaboration of local official and private actors. In 2018, Japan’s wine making was designated as a national cultural heritage through a governmental program called “Japan Heritage,” highlighting the history associated with wine production in a specific area in Yamanashi Prefecture, a long-standing wine-making region in Japan. In this creation of heritage, historical narratives of wine production have been rediscovered and invented. Essentially, this heritagization strategy is not preserving wine culture but creating one, developing touristic resources and stimulating local economy. The politics of making wine heritage in Japan reveals a national governance of food culture with the goal of making Japan a global tourism destination and promoting rural development.

First record of the Japanese grape leafhopper Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura, 1932) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Romania

A new invasive species, the Japanese grape leafhopper, Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura). is reported for the first time in Romania. Arboridia kakogawana is a serious pest of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in East Asia (South Korea and China) and in Southern Russia (Krasnodar and Rostov regions) and Ukraine. In 2018, very high numbers of A. kakogawana were caught on yellow sticky traps in a vine plot in Romania in Northern Bucharest. Adults were trapped from early June to the middle of November. The dynamics of the adult population were measured using yellow sticky traps, and in 2018 four peaks were observed in the middle of July, in the first 10 days of August, at the beginning of September and in the first 10 days of October. The first overwintering adults appeared from the beginning of June. Foliar symptoms associated with the trophic activity of the leafhopper were observed on grapevine and Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.)). Yellow sticky traps used in prior studies in the Bucharest area were re‐examined and the Japanese leafhopper was discovered on these, which leads to the conclusion that the species has been present at least since 2016 in this area. This is the first report of A. kakogawana in Romania and in the European Union.

Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) polysaccharides: New insight into extraction, characterization, rheological properties, and bioactivities

In this study, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technology was applied to extract Hovenia dulcis polysaccharides (HDPs). The polysaccharide yields, physicochemical properties, rheological properties, antioxidant activities, and hypoglycemic effects were compared between ASE-HDPs and hot water extracted polysaccharides (HWE-HDPs). The maximum ASE-HDPs yield was obtained using a response surface method (RSM) with optimized ASE conditions comprising 2 cycles at 130 °C for 23 min. The maximum ASE-HDPs yield of 8.62 ± 0.29% is significantly higher than the maximum HWE-HDP yield of 6.89 ± 0.21%. The chemical compositions, molecular weight (Mw) distributions, rheological properties, antioxidant activities, and hypoglycemic effects of polysaccharides varied with each extraction method, while the primary structure remained the same. Both HDPs exhibited typical shear thinning behavior and non-Newtonian properties. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of the HDPs solutions were enhanced with increasing oscillation frequency, and displayed gelatinous behavior (G′ > G″). ASE-HDPs displayed better antioxidant activities in DPPH and ABTS, as well as superior reducing power and hydroxyl and superoxide anion scavenging ability, whereas HWE-HDPs exhibited higher Fe2+ chelating activity. The in vitro experiments indicated that HDPs have a decidedly hypoglycemic effect.

Physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) pomace insoluble dietary fibre modified by ball milling and complex enzyme treatment

SummaryThe study investigated the effects of ball milling and enzymolysis on the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and bioactive function of Hovenia dulcis pomace insoluble dietary fibre (HIDF). Ball milling and enzymolysis effectively decreased the particle size and zeta potential of HIDF. The swelling power (SP), water solubility index (WSI) and apparent viscosity of HIDF were effectively enhanced (P &lt; 0.05) after ball milling and enzymolysis. Scanning electron microscopy detection showed that the surface and internal structures of HIDF were destructed by the modified treatment. Ball milling and enzymolysis treatment disrupted the intermolecular hydrogen bonds and crystalline structure of HIDF per Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Furthermore, the inhibition rate of HIDF on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase was significantly increased by modification. All HIDF significantly improved the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic mice, with the modified IDF providing a stronger effect.

Urban and agricultural impacts in the structure and diversity of tree vegetation in riparian forest

The study was conducted on the Água Turva Stream bank, in the Hydrographic Microbasin of the Jirau Alto River, in Dois Vizinhos county, Paraná state, aiming to evaluate the environmental impacts of the urban occupations and agricultural activities on the floristic composition and the phytosociological structure of the arboreal stratum of the riparian forest, to obtain information on species diversity and biological invasion, which will enable the establishment of future forest restoration programs. The data collect was realized in ten sample points demarcated along the stream, where 20 sample plots of 10.0 x 10.0 m (100.0 m2) were demarcated, 10 in each stream margin. The species were identified and evaluated regarding the following variables: the CAP (Circumference at Breast Height) and total height of all the trees with CAP ? 15.0 cm (DBH ? 4.8 cm). The vegetation structure was analyzed based on the phytosociological estimators and the indexes of diversity, equability and environmental impact index of exotic species. It was concluded that the riparian forest of the Água Turva creek is quite impacted, both in the rural and urban areas, with invasion of exotic species, mainly Hovenia dulcis (japanese grape) and Musa sp. (banana tree).

Phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and physicochemical properties of Brazilian Apis mellifera honeys

Forty-nine honey samples from five monofloral (eucalyptus, mastic, wildflower, Japanese grape and quitoco) and six polyfloral honeys were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant compounds. Levels of total phenolics and flavonoids as well as individual composition were analyzed by HPLC. The oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical assays (DPPH) were performed to determine antioxidant capacity. The highest antioxidant capacity was observed in eucalyptus and mastic honeys; gallic acid levels were greatest in both of them while p-coumaric acid was highest in Japanese grape honey. Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honey were found to be dependent on its botanical origin. Linear discriminant analysis was able to differentiate 90% of honeys in terms of the seasons when they were collected and the main discriminant responses were p-coumaric acid, titratable acidity, diastase activity, and total flavonoids content. LDA correctly classified 96% of honeys according to their botanical origin.

The high density of plants increases the radiation use efficiency of photosynthetically active seedlings of Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis)

The high density of plants increases the radiation use efficiency of photosynthetically active seedlings of Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis)

Effects of a Diet Supplemented with Japanese Grape (Hovenia dulcis) Seed Oil on the Omega-3 and Nutritional Lipid Quality in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

In this study, the fatty acid (FA) composition of the Japanese grape (Hovenia dulcis) seed oil (JGSO) was firstly evaluated. It was found that the seed oil is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), containing approximately 425 mg LNA g-1 of total lipids. A fish diet supplemented with JGSO was prepared and supplied to Nile tilapia to investigate the FA composition of the fillets. For this, Nile tilapia were submitted to two feeding treatments: a control diet with 4.2% of soybean oil, and a diet supplemented with 4.2% of JGSO. The LNA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) values increased significantly (406, 153 and 126%, respectively) with JGSO in the diet and with an increase in feeding time, while the nutritional quality indexes, n-6/n-3 ratio and index of thrombogenicity, decreased 2.8 and 1.4 times, respectively. Thus, the replacement JGSO in the diet raised the nutritional lipid quality in Nile tilapia.

First report of a new postharvest disease of grape caused by Cadophora luteo-olivacea

A brown skin spot developed on the berries of Japanese grape cultivar Shine Muscat during storage at 0 °C for 3 months. The fungus isolated from these skin spots was identified as Cadophora luteo-olivacea based on the sequence of its ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. Morphological and culture characteristics corresponded to those reported previously from C. luteo-olivacea; this fungus also reproduced the same symptoms after inoculation and was reisolated from the symptomatic spots. This is the first report of a postharvest disease of grape caused by C. luteo-olivacea.

Evolution of the nutritional composition ofHovenia dulcisThunb. pseudofruit during the maturation process

Native to Asia, Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae), known as Japanese grape, is also found in central and southern America, southern Europe and North Africa. The fruit is a small capsule, attached to peduncle or pseudofruit, which, when mature, is the edible part. In order to increase knowledge about the potential of these pseudofruits as an alternative to other fruits available in the market, or as a new ingredient for the food industry, this study aimed to characterize the nutritional value of H. dulcis peduncles harvested at different stages of maturation. Materials and methods. Samples of H. dulcis pseudofruit were collected for five months, from an immature stage to a senescent one (Hd01, Hd02, Hd03, Hd04 and Hd05), in Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. Analysis of moisture, ash, minerals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn), proteins, lipids, vitamin C, available carbohydrates, soluble sugars and dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble) were performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan’s test were applied to the analytical results. Results and discussion. Soluble sugar content increased during maturation, probably due to starch hydrolysis and water loss. This product (Hd02 to Hd05) can be considered an interesting source of dietary fiber, according to Brazilian and European regulations. Total ash content increased during the development of these pseudofruits, due to the concentration of minerals, by reducing moisture in the mature product. Conclusion. Together with fibers, Cu, Ca and Mn were the most relevant dietary contributions of mature H. dulcis peduncles, being a good means to improve the nutritional quality of modern diets, requiring further investigation of their sensory and nutritional characteristics.

Cookies formulated with fermented Japanese grape biomass: a new proposal of use

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Hovenia dulcis Thunberg&lt;/em&gt;, popularly known as Japanese grape, belongs to the &lt;em&gt;Rhamnaceae&lt;/em&gt; family and it is Widely spread in Brazil southern. Its pseudo fruit is rich in sugars, fiber and minerals and it is well accepted for human consumption. However, there are no reports in literature about its use as food ingredient. In this context, an alternative use of fermented Japanese grape biomass has been studied and proposed in this work. A new type cookie biscuit containing flour of fermented biomass has been developed and characterized for proximal composition, microbiological quality and sensory acceptance. The fermented biomass has presented high content of total proteins due to the presence of &lt;em&gt;Saccharomyces cerevisiae&lt;/em&gt; cells (rich in protein and minerals) originated from the fermentation process. The formulated cookie has microbiological quality according to the quality standards recommended by the Brazilian legislation. Attractive nutritional quality parameters as high contents of proteins (23.4g / 100g) and alimentary fiber (8.4 g / 100 g), as well as content of lipids inferior to similar products found in the market were observed in the developed cookie. The acceptance tests by hedonic scale indicated that the developed product has good acceptance and the purchase intention test revealed that 92% of tasters would buy the product suggesting that the cookie has potential for commercialization. The use of biomass &lt;em&gt;Hovenia dulcis&lt;/em&gt; flour as an ingredient in formulating biscuits such as cookies has been technologically feasible and the obtained results contribute to a new use proposal of the by-product obtained from the alcoholic fermentation of the Japanese grape.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v6i1.156&lt;/p&gt;

The historical geographies of growing and fermenting the Delaware grape in the Kōfu Basin of Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan

The Kōfu Basin in Yamanashi Prefecture is at the center of table grape and wine production in Japan. This article traces the historical geographies of the growing and fermentation of Delaware grapes in this region. Data were gathered from over 145 interviews with stakeholders across the table grape and wine industries, extensive archival research and participant observation as a grape farmer in the Kōfu Basin for over one and a half years. Emphasis is placed on intertwining that history to overarching developments in local viticulture and winemaking. This includes tracing the arrival of the cultivar from the USA to Japan at the start of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, early fermentation and later rapid diffusion linked to its popularity as the first commercially available seedless cultivar. Delaware reached the pinnacle of its popularity as a grape for the table and wine in the 1960s and 1970s, before changes in consumer demands to higher value table grapes and away from sweet wines led to its fairly rapid decline. Although significantly less Delaware is grown or fermented today, this introduced grape was and surprisingly continues to be highly influential on the developmental trajectories of Japanese grape growing and winemaking.