James's University Hospital Research Articles

DEGENDERING REPRODUCTION?

Feminists have long been interested in how men and women's uneven reproductive roles have influenced their relative status in society. Women's place in the home, workforce and civil society has been directly traced to the biological fact that it is women and not men that have babies.1 I cannot improve upon the description given by Hale L.J., as she then was, in Parkinson v. St James and Seacroft University Hospital NHS Trust,2 of the sheer hard work involved in pregnancy, childbirth and in being a mother: From the moment a woman conceives, profound physical changes take place in her body and continue to take place not only for the duration of the pregnancy but for some time thereafter. Those physical changes bring with them a risk to life and health greater than in her non-pregnant state … along with those physical changes go psychological changes … some may amount to a recognised psychiatric disorder, while others may be regarded as beneficial, and many are somewhere in between. … Along with these physical and psychological consequences goes a severe curtailment of personal autonomy. Literally, one's life is no longer just one's own but also someone else's … continuing the pregnancy brings a host of lesser infringements of autonomy related to the physical changes in the body or responsibility towards the growing child. The process of giving birth is rightly termed ‘labour’. It is hard work, often painful and sometimes dangerous. It brings the pregnancy to an end but it does not bring to an end the changes brought about by the pregnancy. It takes some time for the body to return to its pre-pregnancy state, if it ever does, especially if the child is breast fed. There are well known psychiatric illnesses associated with childbirth and the baby blues are very common … Quite clearly, however, the invasion of the mother's personal autonomy does not stop once her body and mind have returned to their pre-pregnancy state … Parental responsibility is not simply or even primarily a financial responsibility … The primary responsibility is to care for the child. The labour does not stop when the child is born. Bringing up children is hard work … The obligation to provide or make acceptable and safe arrangements for the child's care and supervision lasts for 24 hours a day, seven days a week, all year round, until the child becomes old enough to take care of himself.

Vascular Invasion is Underrecognized in Colorectal Cancer using Conventional Hematoxylin and Eosin Staining

1Department of Histopathology Level 5 Bexley Wing, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK e-mail: [email protected]

Interleukin‐4 −590 (C>T), toll‐like receptor‐2 +2258 (G>A) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 −1562 (C>T) polymorphisms in pre‐eclampsia

Functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin (IL)-4 -590 (C>T), toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 +2258 (G>A) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 -1562 (C>T) were examined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism to identify their merit as genetic markers for pre-eclampsia. One hundred and seventeen pre-eclamptic women and 146 control subjects with uncomplicated singleton pregnancies participated in this study, conducted at Leeds General Infirmary and St James's University Hospital. While the TLR-2 +2258 (G>A) and MMP-9 -1562 (C>T) SNPs failed to present any significant association with pre-eclampsia, there was a marked trend for an association between the IL-4 -590 (C>T) SNP and pre-eclampsia (chi(2)= 5.87, P = 0.055), with a prevalence of TT homozygous women in this group (OR 4.455, 95% CI 1.286-15.350).

Prognostic indicators for the development of AIDS in HIV antibody positive haemophiliac patients: results of a three-year longitudinal study

In February 1986, 40 out of 75 adult patients with haemophilia A attending St. James's University Hospital were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody positive. Over a three-year period these patients were prospectively studied with regard to possible prognostic indicators for the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Using the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) classification of HIV infection, 17 patients (42.5%) developed group 4 disease during this time, giving an actuarial three-year progression rate of 44%, and 5 patients (12.5%) died. The following parameters measured at recruitment were found independently to predict progression to AIDS: a serum beta 2-m level of greater than 3.5 mg/l, (chi 2 = 15.95, P less than 0.001), a serum IgA level of greater than 4.5 milligram(s) (chi 2 = 6.08, P less than 0.02) and p24 antigenaemia (chi 2 = 5.7, P less than 0.05). The actuarial three-year progression rate in those patients abnormal by two or more of these parameters was 100% (n = 7), compared to only 7% in patients who were normal by all three values (n = 15). CD4+ lymphocyte counts and CD4+:CD8+ ratios were significantly lower in HIV positive compared with HIV negative patients (P less than 0.01), but did not predict the development of AIDS.

Puerto Rican Child with Combined Heterozygocity for Hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre.

Hemoglobin S is the most common abnormal hemoglobin detected in newborn screening in Puerto Rico. The purpose of this report is to present laboratory and clinical data from a newborn proven to have combined heterozygocity for hemoglobin S and a very rare hemoglobin. Abnormal newborn screening results using isoelectric focusing prompted us to further study an infant with an unknown hemoglobin. Testing with cellulose acetate and citrate agar electrophoresis revealed that this patient had, besides hemoglobin S, a rare fast moving band. We consulted the Haemoglobinopathy Screening Service at St. James's University Hospital in Leeds, UK where our patient's hemoglobin was identified as hemoglobin Porto Alegre by means of mass spectrometry. DNA sequencing at the molecular genetics laboratory in the Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico confirmed our patient's hemoglobin to be Hb Porto Alegre. The patient's father was found to be heterozygous for hemoglobin S and her mother a carrier of hemoglobin Porto Alegre. Our patient has been followed-up for the last two years. She has remained asymptomatic, except for usual mild childhood diseases. Laboratory results up to 18 months of age have revealed Hgb 11.4–11.6 g/dl, MCV 87.5 fl, MCH 28.7 pg, reticulocyte count 2%, normal total bilirubin and LDH levels. Hemoglobin Porto Alegre involves a mutation in ß9(A6)Ser→Cys which promotes hemoglobin polymerization via disulfide bonds (Baudin-Creuza 2002). This mutation does not seem to alter hemoglobin function and apparently does not increase tendency for sickling. Tondo (1963) has reported that in vivo hemoglobin Porto Alegre exists in its normal tetrameric form, with no associated hemolysis. Martinez (1977) has suggested that hemoglobin Porto Alegre can exist in its tetrameric functional form by means of high levels of glutathione in red blood cells. Therefore, patients with combined hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre would be expected to be asymptomatic. Hemoglobin Porto Alegre has been documented in a few patients from Brazil, Portugal, Argentina, Cuba, and the Canary Islands. To our knowledge this is the first reported double heterozygote for hemoglobin S and Porto Alegre. We are following our patient closely for the development of any significant hematologic or clinical symptoms.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology 39th Annual Meeting.

Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology 39th Annual Meeting.

The effect of high-dose enteral glutamine on the incidence and severity of mucositis in paediatric oncology patients

The study was conducted to determine if enteral glutamine, 0.65 g kg(-1) daily for 7 days, is effective in reducing the incidence and severity of mucositis in paediatric oncology patients when given alongside chemotherapy. The study was carried out at St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK. This was a randomized study using the patients as their own controls. Seventy-six patients undergoing treatment for paediatric malignancy having at least two identical courses of chemotherapy and at risk of developing mucositis participated in the study. Patients received one course of chemotherapy with glutamine and an identical course without. Alternate patients were allocated to have glutamine with course 1 or with course 2. The severity of symptoms of mucositis and the duration of enteral and parenteral nutrition were recorded. Daily ammonia levels were measured. Fifty patients completed the study. No statistical significance with regard to symptoms of mucositis was found. Fewer children receiving glutamine required parenteral nutrition (P=0.049), and the duration of parenteral nutrition was less (P=0.023). No adverse effects attributed to taking the glutamine were observed. The study showed that high-dose enteral glutamine did not reduce the incidence and severity of oral mucositis as determined by subjective toxicity measurements, but did show a significant reduction in parenteral nutrition usage. No adverse cumulative effect of this oral glutamine dose was observed.

Erythema nodosum and eosinophilic oesophagitis: more than a chance fassociation?

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 156, Issue 6 p. 1388-1388 Erythema nodosum and eosinophilic oesophagitis: more than a chance fassociation? S. Ogden, S. Ogden Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorM.E. Denyer, M.E. Denyer Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorS.M. Wilkinson, S.M. Wilkinson Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this author S. Ogden, S. Ogden Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorM.E. Denyer, M.E. Denyer Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this authorS.M. Wilkinson, S.M. Wilkinson Dermatology Department, Hope Hospital, Manchester, U.K.*Gastroenterology Department, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, U.K.†Dermatology Department, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, U.K. E-mail: stephanie.ogden@hotmail.co.ukSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07913.xCitations: 4 Conflicts of interest: none declared. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume156, Issue6June 2007Pages 1388-1388 RelatedInformation

NEWS AND VIEWS APRIL 2007

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up to date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the Editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)113 206 6930, E-mail: [email protected]

NEWS AND VIEWS MARCH 2007

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up to date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the Editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)113 2066930, E-mail: [email protected]

Awareness of making the best use of a Department of Clinical Radiology amongst physicians in Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK

CorrespondenceAwareness of making the best use of a Department of Clinical Radiology amongst physicians in Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UKS Kumar, K Mankad and B BhartiaS KumarDepartment of Radiology St James's University Hospital Leeds, UKSearch for more papers by this author, K MankadDepartment of Radiology St James's University Hospital Leeds, UKSearch for more papers by this author and B BhartiaDepartment of Radiology St James's University Hospital Leeds, UKSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:28 Jan 2014https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/16274446SectionsPDF/EPUBFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail About"Awareness of making the best use of a Department of Clinical Radiology amongst physicians in Leeds Teaching Hospitals, UK." The British Journal of Radiology, 80(950), p. 140 References 1 Mankad K, Bull M. Awareness of 'Making the best use of a Department of Clinical Radiology' amongst physicians. Clin Radiol 2005;60:618 Medline ISI, Google Scholar2 Royal College of Radiologists. Making the best use of a department of clinical radiology, 5th edition. London, UK: Royal College of Radiologists, 2003 Google Scholar3 Dubbins P. Re: Awareness of 'Making the best use of a Department of Clinical Radiology' amongst physicians. Clin Radiol 2005;60:618–619. Medline ISI, Google Scholar Previous article Next article FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byRadiation knowledge and perception of referral practice among radiologists and radiographers compared with referring clinicians28 August 2014 | Insights into Imaging, Vol. 5, No. 5Use of Referral Guidelines as a Justification Tool: National Perspective26 September 2013Justification of diagnostic medical exposures: some practical issues. Report of an International Atomic Energy Agency ConsultationJ Malone, R Guleria, C Craven, P Horton, H Järvinen, J Mayo, G O’reilly, E Picano, D Remedios, J Le Heron, M Rehani, O Holmberg and R Czarwinski13 February 2014 | The British Journal of Radiology, Vol. 85, No. 1013Global Quality Imaging: Improvement ActionsJournal of the American College of Radiology, Vol. 8, No. 5Clinicians’ justification of imaging: do radiation issues play a role?23 June 2010 | Insights into Imaging, Vol. 1, No. 3Radiologists’ responses to inadequate referrals17 November 2009 | European Radiology, Vol. 20, No. 5Radiation protection in medicine: ethical framework revisited5 March 2009 | Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Vol. 135, No. 2 Volume 80, Issue 950February 2007Pages: 73-e57 © The British Institute of Radiology History RevisedNovember 20,2006ReceivedNovember 12,2006AcceptedNovember 23,2006Published onlineJanuary 28,2014 Metrics Download PDF

NEWS AND VIEWS JANUARY 2007

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up to date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the Editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel : (+)44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0) 113 2066930, E-mail: [email protected]Nuclear Medicine Communications, 2007; 28:67–68

NEWS AND VIEWS AUGUST 2006

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up-to-date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the Editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)113 206 6930, E-mail: [email protected]Nuclear Medicine Communications, 2006, 27, 683–684

TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C IN PATIENTS AWAITING LUNG TRANSPLANTATION.

1Department of Hepatobiliary & Organ Transplantation, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.

TECHNICAL REFINEMENT FOR THIRD KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

1Department of Organ Transplantation, St James University Hospital, Leeds, West Yorkshire, United Kingdom.

Sub-Tenon's anesthesia with aspirin, warfarin, and clopidogrel

To review the frequency of hemorrhagic complications with sub-Tenon's anesthesia in patients on aspirin, warfarin or clopidogrel. St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom. Data were collected prospectively for patients having elective phacoemulsification under sub-Tenon's anesthesia. Seventy-five patients were on aspirin, 65 were on warfarin, and 40 were on clopidogrel. Seventy-five patients on no anticoagulants were used as the control group. No changes in the anticoagulant regimen were made prior to surgery. No sight-threatening hemorrhagic complications were noted, and no surgery was postponed or cancelled due to an anesthesic complication. Subconjunctival hemorrhage occurred in 19% in the control group, 40% in the clopidogrel group, 35% in the warfarin group, and 21% in the aspirin group. The warfarin and clopidogrel groups had the highest incidence of subconjunctival hemorrhage (P<.05). The incidence of hemorrhages involving more than 1 quadrant was highest in these 3 groups; however, this did not achieve statistical significance (P = .37, Fisher exact test). Data from this study support the continued use of anticoagulant agents among routine users during cataract surgery using a sub-Tenon's block.

NEWS AND VIEWS APRIL 2006

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up to date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: (+)44 (0)113 206 6930, E-mail: [email protected] Nuclear Medicine Communications, 2006, 27, 409–410

Francisco Songane: champion of maternal and child health

Francisco Songane: champion of maternal and child health

A13 What is an achievable and acceptable level of head misalignment along the axis of rotation direction for gamma camera SPECT?

Departments of aMedical Physics, Bradford Royal Infirmary bMedical Physics, St James's University Hospital, Leeds cNuclear Medicine, Southend Hospital NHS Trust, UK Abstracts of the 34th Annual Meeting of the British Nuclear Medicine Society Manchester International Conference Centre, UK, 27–29 March 2006

News and Views February 2006

News and Views is the newsletter of the British Nuclear Medicine Society. It comprises articles and up to date, relevant information for those working within the nuclear medicine community both nationally and internationally. Readers are invited to submit material, meeting announcements and training opportunities to the Editors: Mr Mike Avison, Medical Physics Department, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Duckworth Lane, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD9 6RJ, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1274 364980, E-mail: [email protected] or Mrs Maria Burniston, Medical Physics Department, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK. Tel: +44 (0)113 206 6930, E-mail: [email protected]