Jalisco Research Articles

Catálogo de la micobiota del Complejo Volcánico de Colima, México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El Complejo Volcánico de Colima (CVC) forma parte del Eje Volcánico Transversal Mexicano, localizado en el sureste de Jalisco y norte de Colima. Comprende cinturones de vegetación que cambian a través de un gradiente altitudinal desde 1200 hasta poco más de 4000 m, en donde es posible observar bosques tropicales, bosques templados y zonas semiáridas, así como bosque mesófilo de montaña. Respecto a estudios previos sobre diversidad fúngica en esta región, solo se contaba con la cita de 140 especies registradas en los diferentes municipios que comprende el área del CVC. El objetivo del presente trabajo es actualizar el conocimiento de la micobiota registrada dentro de la zona de estudio.Métodos: Se recolectaron ejemplares fúngicos durante los meses de junio a octubre entre 2011 y 2018. Adicionalmente, se realizó la revisión de material de la colección micológica del herbario IBUG. El estudio macro y micromorfológico se realizó con las técnicas convencionales en micología y el uso de bibliografía especializada para la determinación del material.Resultados clave: Un total de 2082 ejemplares fueron determinados hasta especie, corresponden a 408 taxones; de ellos 360 son Basidiomycota y 48 Ascomycota. Se citan dos registros nuevos para la micobiota de México: Ductifera exidioidea y Psathyrella longistriata, y 11 para el estado de Jalisco: Bulgaria inquinans, Crepidotus applanatus, Gymnopilus sapineus, Hohenbuehelia spathulata, Hygrocybe spadicea, Inocybe obsoleta, Lepiota cristata, Pholiota lubrica, Rhizina undulata, Scleroderma aff. pseudostipitatum y Trichoderma alutaceum, mientras que para el estado de Colima se aportan 20 registros nuevos.Conclusiones: Se considera importante incrementar estudios sistemáticos y exploraciones micológicas que permitan conocer más sobre este recurso, su posible uso y manejo racional, así como el análisis de especies endémicas o en riesgo y aspectos ecológicos que puedan mostrar la distribución actual y diversidad fúngica en dicha región.

DISTRIBUTION OF TRIATOMINES (HETEROPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HABITATION AND POTENTIAL RISK AREAS IN SIX STATES OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC

Chagas disease is a real public health problem in Latin America, caused by the flagellate protozoan<br />Trypanosoma cruzi and described by Carlos Chagas in 1909. T. cruzi is transmitted by bloodsucking<br />insects of the subfamily Triatominae which thrive in sylvatic, peridomestic, and domestic habitats,<br />being in the latter two a potential risk to public health because of their role as vectors. We review the<br />distribution of triatomines associated with human habitation and their natural infection with T. cruzi<br />from the states of Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, and Oaxaca. Based on<br />samples received in the Laboratory of Entomology of the Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and<br />Reference (InDRE-SSA) during the period 2006 to 2010, distribution maps and stratification of potential<br />areas of risk were made. A total of 1910 specimens of seven species of triatomines were identified.<br />Triatoma barberi, Meccus longipennis and M. pallidipennis were the species with the highest rate of<br />infection with T. cruzi; M. pallidipennis and T. dimidiata were the most widely distributed species.

Mediating Nostalgia: The Meaning of Ranchera Music at a Mexican Community Radio Station

AbstractThis study investigates a battle over music and identity at Radio Zapotitlán, a community radio station in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. An analysis of over 20 interviews with station organizers, volunteers and listeners conducted in 2009 and 2010 indicates that while organizers and older listeners celebrated Ranchera music as the station’s predominant musical content, younger listeners fought to broadcast contemporary Banda music. An historical and theoretical analysis of Ranchera music explores its cultural role in mediating experiences of migration and nostalgia. This study finds that Radio Zapotitlán organizers promoted Ranchera music in order to engage the national and transnational nostalgia of Zapotitlán’s displaced migrants, and to meet the expectations of government regulators and transnational nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). It concludes that local, regional, national and transnational interests cannot be disentangled in musical articulations of identity at Radio Zapotitlán.

<p><strong>A new species of <em>Eryngium</em> (Apiaceae) from the central-western region of Mexico</strong></p>

We describe and illustrate Eryngium pugae I. García, J. Martínez-Ramírez & Ocampo as a new species to science. The new taxon grows near streams in places with open oak and oak-pine forests in the Mexican state of Jalisco. Eryngium pugae is morphologically related to E. gentryi, so a comparative table that includes characteristics of these two taxa is provided.

Comment on “Active Crustal Deformation in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as Evidenced by Historical Earthquakes During the Last 450 Years” by G. Suárez et al.

Comment on “Active Crustal Deformation in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as Evidenced by Historical Earthquakes During the Last 450 Years” by G. Suárez et al.

The use of tattoos to identify unknown bodies

AbstractThe identification of unknown bodies is the fulfilment of a moral obligation towards the deceased, serves to maintain legal security within a society, and gives families the certainty they need to mourn. Taking into account respective local conditions, the aim should always be to achieve a secure and quick identification. To achieve this goal, a functioning cooperation between investigating authorities and forensic sciences is essential.The main objective of this study was to clarify the potential role of tattoos in the identification process of unknown deceased persons in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Post-mortem data of 2045 bodies from the Instituto Jaliscience de Ciencias Forenses in Guadalajara were evaluated.Of the deceased 46% were tattooed (male: 47%, female: 39%), with 29% of all bodies (male: 29%, female: 26%) showing tattoos at body locations usually visible in everyday life (i.e. head and neck, forearms and hands). The male bodies were most frequently tattooed on the shoulders and upper arms, followed by the forearms and hands and the torso. Female bodies mostly showed tattoos on the forearms and hands, followed by the torso and legs.Taking local tattooing habits into account, the authors developed a classification for tattoo motives. With decreasing frequency, the following keywords could be assigned to the motives: letters and/or numbers, human, symbol (other), plant, symbol (religious), animal, object, tribal/ornament/geometry, fantasy/demon/comic, other.Results of the study indicate the great importance of tattoos as a possible mean of identification in Jalisco, Mexico – either as a stand-alone identification method, as a complementary tool or for planning and prioritizing subsequent investigations.

Insularity effects on the morphological space and sexual dimorphism of a tropical tree lizard in western Mexico

AbstractEcological interactions of lizards on islands tend to differ from those on the mainland, with a decrease in predation and interspecific competition and an increase in intraspecific competition. This may drive morphological divergences from their mainland counterparts, presenting gigantism and frequently sexual dimorphism. The aim of this study was to determine morphological divergence (i.e. head and limbs) and sexual dimorphism in the arboreal lizard Urosaurus bicarinatus on San Agustin Island off the Mexican Pacific Coast. We measured several morphological structures of U. bicarinatus on San Agustin Island, as well as on the adjacent mainland in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Additionally, we measured individuals from the state of Michoacán and from a preserved collection with individuals from Michoacán and Guerrero. Our results indicated a divergence and an expansion of the morphological space of the island population compared with the mainland. The divergence was accompanied by dwarfism (reduction of the head and limbs with respect to body size) and a lack of sexual dimorphism in morphology and size. Our study contributes to understanding the effect of insularity on lizards’ populations and enriches the knowledge concerning phrynosomatids such as U. bicarinatus.

Abundance of Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in Agave tequilana Weber (Asparagaceae) Fields of Different Age and Agronomic Management

One of the most important pests that affect the blue agave, Agave tequilana is Scyphophorus acupunctatus Gyllenhal which as larvae bore into and make galleries in the plant and also damage plant tissues as adults. In the present study, the abundance of S. acupunctatus was analyzed in plantations of A. tequilana of ages of 2, 3 and 4 years through monthly samples from May to November of 2016 in nine plantations distributed in the municipalities of Tequila, Magdalena and Arandas in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. In each plantation, nine traps were placed with synthetic aggregation pheromone (2-methyl-4-octanone 950 g/L y 2-methyl-4- octanol 5g/L), placed 50 m apart and arranged as follows: three within the A. tequilana plantings, three on the crop edges, and three in adjacent non-cultivated areas, for a total of 81 traps which were checked monthly. The temperature and humidity of each plantation was registered with dataloggers and the precipitation from data from NASA, as well as historical data of these variables were obtained from 1951 to 2016. A total of 4,390 individuals were trapped, consisting of 3,289 females and 1,101 males. We found significant differences among the weevil abundance in A. tequilana plots of different age and agronomic management. There was less abundance of weevils in plantations where no agrochemicals were used and where natural vegetation was allowed within rows suggesting that natural habitat complexity is an important factor in reducing the abundance of the weevil.

Archaeological Assessment of the Coastal Areas of the Mexican State of Jalisco

This study presents an assessment of the various archaeological works conducted in the coastal areas of the Mexican state of Jalisco. Special attention is paid to project objectives and results so that each research approach can be characterized to determine whether they can be considered examples of “coastal archaeology” under the current definition. Furthermore, this study identifies characteristics that should receive greater attention in the design of future coastal archaeology projects located within the broad costal area of Jalisco and discusses effective approaches for achieving this goal.

Coloración y abundancia de Dendroctonus mexicanus Hopkins, 1905 en cuatro regiones de México

El incremento en la abundancia de escarabajos descortezadores en los bosques de pino y pino-encino en México ocasiona la muerte de grandes masas forestales. Se estima que tal comportamiento responde a un aumento en las temperaturas por efecto del cambio climático; sin embargo, se desconoce la función que desempeñan otras variables climáticas como la humedad y de qué manera influyen en ciertas características morfológicas; por ejemplo, la variación en la intensidad de la coloración del exoesqueleto, entre regiones. En el presente estudio se analizaron la variación de la intensidad de la coloración y la abundancia de las poblaciones de D. mexicanus procedentes de cuatro regiones (Hidalgo, Oaxaca, Jalisco y Nuevo León), y su relación con la humedad, la temperatura y la aridez. Algunos individuos de D. mexicanus exhibieron una coloración más obscura, lo que puede estar asociado a un porcentaje más alto de humedad, y otros con tonalidades más claras (café rojizo) recolectados en zonas con menor humedad (HMA: 82 % = más obscuros; 66 % = más claros). La región del estado de Hidalgo presentó el mayor número de individuos de D. mexicanus, en comparación con las de Nuevo León, Jalisco y Oaxaca. Los índices de aridez promedio máximo e índices de aridez promedio mínimo generaron evidencia de condiciones climáticas idóneas para la presencia de poblaciones de D. mexicanus más abundantes. Las temperaturas extremas y la humedad relativa del ambiente funcionan como factores limitantes en el incremento exponencial de la abundancia de las poblaciones de descortezadores.

Evaluation of Biogas Potential from Livestock Manures and Multicriteria Site Selection for Centralized Anaerobic Digester Systems: The Case of Jalisco, México

The state of Jalisco is the largest livestock producer in Mexico, leading in the production of swine, eggs, and milk. This immense production generates enormous amounts of waste as a byproduct of the process itself. The poor management of livestock-derived waste can lead to multiple environmental problems like nutrient accumulation in soil, water eutrophication, and air pollution. The aim of this work is to establish a replicable geographic information system (GIS)-based methodology for selecting priority sites in which to implement anaerobic digestion units. These units will use multiple parameters that evaluate environmental risks and viability factors for the units themselves. A weighted overlay analysis was used to identify critical regions and, based on the results, clusters of individual livestock production units (LPUs) across the state were selected. Nitrogen and phosphorus recovery, as well as the energetic potential of the selected clusters, were calculated. Four clusters located mainly in the Los Altos region of Jalisco were selected as critical and analyzed. The results indicate that Jalisco has the potential to generate 5.5% of its total electricity demand if the entirety of its livestock waste is treated and utilized in centralized anaerobic digestion units. Additionally, 49.2 and 31.2 Gg of nitrogen and phosphorus respectively could be valorized, and there would be an estimated total reduction of 3012.6 Gg of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq).

Primer registro de Unguiculariopsis ravenelii (Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) en México

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El género Unguiculariopsis de la clase Leotiomycetes dentro de Ascomycota se caracteriza por formar apotecios inconspicuos de hasta 2 mm de diámetro, con una superficie formada por pelos en forma de gancho, ascas inoperculadas, inamiloides y ascosporas globosas, subglobosas a elipsoidales, hialinas con gútulas. Son hongos fungícolas que presentan especificidad por el hospedero; en el presente estudio se tiene por objetivo reportar a Unguiculariopsis ravenelii por primera vez en México.Métodos: Los especímenes estudiados están depositados en el herbario ENCB del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México. Los materiales fueron revisados en fresco y en seco, se describieron macro morfológicamente usando un estereoscopio, fotografías tomadas in situ y micro morfológicamente con un microscopio óptico. Se identificaron con claves y literatura especializada.Resultados clave: Se presenta la descripción de Unguiculariopsis ravenelii de México, una especie que se caracteriza por ser micoparásita y por formar apotecios gregarios sobre Rhytidhysteron rufulum. Conclusiones: Esta especie se distribuye en bosque tropical caducifolio y produce sus esporomas durante la temporada de lluvias en los estados de Colima, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Puebla, Sonora, Tabasco y Tamaulipas en la región Neotropical de México.

Nuevo registro de Govenia purpusii (Orchidaceae) en el Parque Nacional La Malinche, Tlaxcala

Antecedentes y Objetivos: Govenia purpusii es una especie de la familia Orchidaceae, tiene una distribución restringida dentro de los bosques subalpinos de los estados de Chiapas, Colima, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, México, Michoacán, Oaxaca, Puebla, Querétaro, Veracruz y Zacatecas. El propósito de este trabajo fue describir el hallazgo de esta especie presente en el Parque Nacional La Malinche, Tlaxcala, para incluirla en el inventario florístico. Métodos: Se identificó una población de G. purpusii en campo y se realizaron colectas. A través del cotejo de material botánico recolectado con ejemplares de herbario, se determinó la especie considerando caracteres vegetativos y florales para su identificación. Resultados clave: La especie se encontró en una vegetación de Quercus-Pinus a 2780 m de altitud; comparte el espacio con Selaginella sp., Oxalis sp., Peperomia sp. y Pinguicula moranensis. Conclusiones: Se recomienda monitorear esta población debido a la reducida área de distribución dentro del Parque Nacional La Malinche y al escaso conocimiento sobre orquídeas terrestres en la entidad. La extinción local representaría una pérdida de material genético para la especie. No se debe interpretar este registro como una ampliación reciente de área de distribución; la presencia dentro de esta zona puede ser el resultado de la fragmentación de los bosques en la Faja Neovolcánica Transmexicana.

La formación de talento e innovación a través de la vinculación y los modelos de hélice basados en la sociedad del conocimiento

El objetivo primordial de este artículo es explicar de qué forma incide la formación de talento y la innovación en los procesos de vinculación que se llevan a cabo entre las universidades y la sociedad civil y organismos empresariales. Lo anterior mediante un estudio de caso sobre la industria mueblera de Jalisco, a través del modelo de triple hélice, cuádruple hélice y quíntuple hélice. Uno de los resultados contundentes es que la formación de talento y la innovación influyen en el fortalecimiento del sector mueblero jalisciense. Asimismo, en el campo de la vinculación se percibe la conformación de actores clave a nivel local y nacional para la integración de una red de agentes heterogéneos esenciales para la generación de desarrollo y crecimiento de este sector. Ahí, las instituciones de educación enfrentan el gran reto de participar en la transferencia de los resultados de sus investigaciones producto de la formación de talento hacia las empresas y la sociedad en general, con la finalidad de que esta apropiación genere riqueza alineada a las políticas públicas para contribuir al desarrollo sostenible del estado de Jalisco.

“El Único Problema Aquí”: A Cristero Family and Workin Los Angeles, 1927–1932

Abstract The Venegas family letters at Loyola Marymount University present an unusual opportunity to document the work trajectories of their authors, Dolores Dávalos de Venegas and Miguel Venegas, after their exile to Los Angeles in 1927 because of the Cristero conflict in their home state of Jalisco, Mexico. Like many Mexican migrants to Los Angeles, Miguel began work in a blue-collar job, but within six months he had acquired a modest grocery store in central Los Angeles. Miguel’s middle-class business background in Jalisco provided him with the skills, worldview, and probable capital to move into business in Los Angeles.

Intake of different food sources in the first zoeae stages of Macrobrachium tenellum (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)

The objective of this work was to assess the acceptance of live and inert food by Macrobrachium tenellum during the early larval stages. The larvae were obtained by collecting wild ovigerous females in the Ameca River in the State of Jalisco, Mexico. Eight treatments (diets) were used to feed the larvae: D1, control (fasting); D2, micro-pulverized food (Purina®); D3, living, newly hatched nauplii of Artemia franciscana (INVE®, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA); D4, commercial paste containing microalgae (Instant Algae Rotifer Diet®); D5, water extracted from a biofloc system; D6, cooked egg yolk; D7, newly hatched and frozen nauplii of A. franciscana (INVE®, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA); D8, nutritional supplement for shrimp larvae (Epifeed LH1®). Treatments D2, D5, D6 and D8 showed traces of food in the digestive system. The larvae did not consume D3 and D7 treatments. The diets that had more acceptance were micro-pulverized food, a nutritional supplement for shrimp larvae Epifeed® LH1, cooked egg yolk, and biofloc water.

Synonymies, new records, and new species in Cerambycinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae).

New synonymies in Clytini: Clytopsis Casey, 1912 is synonymized with Ochraethes Chevrolat, 1860; and Ochraethes nigritus Bates, 1892 is synonymized with O. viridiventris (Chevrolat, 1860). New records: Neoclytus acteon (Chevrolat, 1860) (Clytini) is reported for the first time from Nicaragua; and Heterachthes hildebranti Galileo Santos-Silva, 2016 (Neoibidionini, Compsina) is reported for the first time from the Mexican state of Jalisco. New species: Ochraethes nevadensis sp. nov. (Clytini) is described from the United States of America (Nevada); Psyrassa audureaui sp. nov. (Elaphidiini) is described from Mexico and Nicaragua; Oxylymma rileyi sp. nov. (Rhinotragini) is described from Panama.

Dinámica forestal y uso de suelo en las cuencas que integran al municipio Tomatlán, Jalisco

Se analizó la dinámica forestal y usos de suelo en las cuencas hidrográficas que integran al municipio Tomatlán, Jalisco (1997-2017). Para cumplir con este objetivo se clasificaron tres imágenes de satélite: Landsat 5 y 8 (P030 y R046). Como resultado se generaron dos mapas temáticos con siete clases de coberturas forestales y usos de suelo: zonas urbanas, agricultura, pastizal, cuerpos de agua, selva mediana subcaducifolia, selva baja caducifolia, además del bosque templado de coníferas y latifoliadas. El mapa se comparó para calcular el cambio de cobertura presente en los tiempos estudiados. Se determinó la tasa de cambio para el periodo 1997-2017; el porcentaje de coberturas que se mantuvo fue de 77 % y el cambio correspondió a 23 %. Los resultados muestran que, a lo largo del intervalo de tiempo analizado, la cobertura forestal que más ganancias tuvo fue la selva mediana subcaducifolia, con un incremento de 1 %; los cuerpos de agua presentaron una tasa de disminución de 1.2 % por año. Se considera que la ganancia o el incremento de esta cobertura se relaciona con el abandono de áreas agrícolas y pecuarias; lo que ha implicado la regeneración de selva mediana subcaducifolia de segundo crecimiento; mientras que, los cuerpos de agua están disminuyendo, principalmente, en las partes bajas de las cuencas debido al incremento de las zonas agrícolas; lo cual puede tener implicaciones en los cambios del paisaje natural.

Citizens and Believers: Religion and Politics in Revolutionary Jalisco, 1900–1930

Citizens and Believers: Religion and Politics in Revolutionary Jalisco, 1900–1930

¿La incorporación de residuos de diferentes especies de Lupinus, como abono verde, afecta la actividad microbiana del suelo?

In the state of Jalisco, corn and tequila agave are the most important agricultural crops. The soils to cultivate these species are characterized by low content of organic matter and nitrogen. The amendments applied to the soil provide an important source of energy and nutrients for microorganisms; promotes the diversity of nitrogen-f ixing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, which increases nitrogen availability in the soil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of two species of wild legumes: Lupinus exaltatus and Lupinus rotundiflorus as green manure (AV), and its effect on soil microbial biomass. An aerobic incubation experiment (14 days) was carried out on soil samples with green manure and without green manure (control). Under laboratory conditions, the microbial activity of soil was monitored through the response in basal respiration and the concentration of C and N in the microbial biomass. The CO2 production and C and N content in the microbial biomass showed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to the effect of green manure. The residues of Lupinus are considered better quality than the residues of Zea mays due to its nitrogen content and low C: N ratio. The response of microorganisms presented a positive primer effect with the input of AV. Therefore, we conclude that the input of L. exaltatus and L. rotundiflorus as a green manure to the soil increases the biological activity of the soil and promotes the enrichment of C and N of the microbial biomass.